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Flag of Hungary

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FieldValue
NameHungary
ImageFlag of Hungary.svg
NicknamePiros-fehér-zöld trikolór
('Red-white-green tricolour')
Use110000
Symbol
Proportion1:2
Adoption1848 (original design)
23 May 1957 (as state flag)
19 June 1990 (reaffirmed)
DesignA equal blank horizontal tricolour of red, white and green
Image2Civil Ensign of Hungary.svg
Use2100100
Symbol2
Proportion22:3
Adoption21848 (original design)
18 August 1957 (as civil ensign)
Design2A equal blank horizontal tricolour of red, white and green
Image3Flag of Hungary with arms (state).svg
Use3Unofficial state flag
Symbol3
Proportion31:2
Adoption310 October 1995
Design3A equal horizontal tricolour of red, white and green with the state coat of arms in the centre.
Image4War Flag of Hungary.svg
Noborder4yes
Use4Unit colour
Symbol4
Proportion46:7
Adoption415 March 1991
Image5Naval Ensign of Hungary.svg
Use5000001
Symbol5
Proportion53:4
Adoption51991

('Red-white-green tricolour') 23 May 1957 (as state flag) 19 June 1990 (reaffirmed) 18 August 1957 (as civil ensign) The national flag of Hungary (Magyarország zászlaja) is an equal horizontal tricolour of red, white and green. In this exact form, it has been the official flag of Hungary since 23 May 1957. The flag's form originates from national republican movements of the 18th and 19th centuries, while its colours are from the Middle Ages.Examples of original surviving medieval charters of the Kingdom of Hungary where the seal was attached to the charter using braided cords of red, white and green silk: | | | | | | | | | |

History

According to medieval Hungarian chronicles, early Hungarian warriors fought under red banners adorned with a black Turul bird, a mythological creature associated with Hungarian origin legends. These early military standards were later replaced by flags embroidered with images of Christian saints. For instance, King Saint Stephen of Hungary is said to have gone into battle "under the banner of Saint George and Saint Martin." In the later medieval period, the flag of the Hungarian royal House of Árpád, the Árpád stripes, the red and silver striped flag became increasingly common, occasionally supplemented by the dynastic colors of the reigning royal house.

Since the 15th century onwards, the combination of red, white, and green began to appear more frequently, particularly as twisted silk cords on official document seals, and sometimes as decorative elements on the edges of military banners. However, it was not until 1806 that the red-white-green color scheme was formally described in the order recognized today. The official adoption of these colors was established by Act XXI of 1848, which for the first time mandated the use of the "red-white-green" tricolor flag as a national symbol of Hungary.

Current flag

The modern flag of Hungary originated from the national freedom movement from before 1848, which culminated in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. The revolution was not only in opposition against the monarchy but also the Habsburg Empire, as well as to form an independent republic. Accordingly, the flag of Hungary features a tricolour element which is based on the flag of France as a reflection of the ideas of the French Revolution of 1848; while the red, white, and green colours are derived from the historical Hungarian coat of arms, which have essentially remained in the same form since the mid-15th century, with exception to some minor differences, and were marshalled from arms that first appeared in the late 12th and early 13th century as arms of the Árpáds, Hungary's founding dynasty. The stripes are horizontal rather than vertical to prevent confusion with the Italian flag despite the banner in that form predating the Italian tricolour by at least 7 years but unlike in Italy, the Italians adopted it as the flag of an Italian state in 1797. According to other data, but no evidence of, the recent form of the Hungarian tricolour had been already used from 1608 at the coronation of Mathias II of Hungary and following coronations. Folklore of the romantic period attributed the colours to virtues: red for strength, white for faithfulness and green for hope. Alternatively, red for the blood spilled for the fatherland, white for freedom and green for the land, for the pastures of Hungary. The new constitution, which took effect on 1 January 2012, makes the ex-post interpretation mentioned first official (in the semi-official translation: strength (erő), fidelity (hűség) and hope (remény)).

Evolution

As described above, the red, white and green tricolour clearly emerged as a sign of national sovereignty during the 1848–1849 revolution against the Habsburgs. Hungarian volunteers and Émigrés fought for the social movement and wars of Italian unification under the banner for Garibaldi. After the revolution in Hungary was defeated, the tricolour flag was prohibited by the Austrian Emperor. After the Compromise of 1867, however, the tricolour became not only legal, but also the official flag of Hungary. The flag had the so-called minor arms (also known as the Kossuth coat of arms) of Hungary with archangels as supporters were used as a badge on the flag. This configuration was used until the end of the Habsburg Empire in 1918.

After the fall of the Habsburg Empire, the years 1918 to 1920 were highly turbulent, and several hard-to-trace minor changes took place. The red-white-green tricolour stayed the same, but small differences emerged in terms of the badge. A short interlude and exception was the 1919 Hungarian Soviet Republic, which lasted for four-and-a-half months; it used a solid red banner.

It seems that from 1920 to 1944–1945 the tricolour displayed the minor arms of Hungary, but the version without them was also used.

Between 1946 and 1949 the crown was removed from the top of the arms serving as the badge.

With the onset of Communist rule in 1949, a new coat of arms featuring a Communist red star was placed on the flag as the badge.

During the anti-Soviet uprising in 1956, revolutionaries cut out the Hammer and Wheat emblem and used the resulting tricolour with a hole in the middle as the symbol of the revolution. For some months the new government changed the flag to bear the minor arms without the crown as the badge again.

In 1957, after the revolution was defeated by the Soviet Red Army, the new government created a "new" coat of arms, which however was never officially put onto the flag. Therefore, the official flag of Hungary has been a pure red-white-green tricolour since 1957.

After the fall of communism in 1989 there was no need to change the flag, as like the flags of Poland and Czechoslovakia, it did not bear any communist insignia.

There was a recommendation of the Committee of Symbols in the 2000s, that the coat of arms should be part of the state flag, while the national flag should remain plain (as is the status quo). This has not been implemented in law, though in case of most state use the arms are legally permitted on the flag (see below).

Exact description and legislature

The Hungarian Constitution does not explicitly state anything about the width:length ratio of the flag; but, there is a law from 1957 that is in force stating that seagoing merchant vessels shall hoist the red, white and green tricolour in 2:3 ratio.

By a government decree from 2000, the ratio (which is neither defined in the Constitution nor in 1995 or 2000 legislation) of flags used on government building is 1:2.

Summarized, this would mean:

  • [[File:FIAV 100000.svg|20px]] A red–white–green tricolour. Actually many variations might be used though according to 1995/LXXXIII §11 (3) "(3) In cases specified in paragraphs (1) and (2), the arms and the flag can be used also in their historical forms.", as (1) reads as: 1995/LXXXIII §11 (1) "(1) For the purpose of declaring their belonging to the nation, private persons can use the arms and the flag, subject to the limitations in this law."
  • [[File:FIAV 010000.svg|20px]] red–white–green tricolour, ratio 1:2 (by decree from 2000). According to 1995/LXXXIII §11 (4), the official coat of arms of Hungary might be placed onto it as a badge.
  • [[File:FIAV 001000.svg|20px]] White background with green red alternated flammulette ("flame tongues", triangles with wavy edge) border, coat of arms in the center, embraced by oak branches from the left, olive branches from the right. Ratio not defined. ( 1995/LXXXIII §8 (1) )
  • [[File:FIAV 000100.svg|20px]] 2:3 (ratio defined by 1957 law) red-white-green tricolour (there is a merchant fleet)
  • [[File:FIAV 000010.svg|20px]] Unknown or unspecified;
  • [[File:FIAV 000001.svg|20px]] White background with green red alternated triangle border, coat of arms at 1/3 of the flag, nearer to the pole. Ratio not defined. ( 1995/LXXXIII §8 (2) )

Colours

The colours of the flag of Hungary are defined in Hungarian Standard MSZ 1361:2009:

[[File:Flag of Hungary.svg40px]]
Colour schemeCrimson redWhiteDark green
Pantone18-1660 TCX TomatoNot available18-6320 TCX Fairway
CIELAB44.0, 60.0, 32.0100.0, 128.0, 128.037.5, 26.0, 144.0
RGBtitle=PANTONE 18-1660 TCX Tomatourl=https://www.pantone.com/color-finder/18-1660-TCXaccess-date=2020-06-18archive-date=2021-07-24archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724151605/https://www.pantone.com/color-finder/18-1660-TCXurl-status=dead}}255, 255, 255title=PANTONE 18-6320 TCX Fairwayurl=https://www.pantone.com/color-finder/18-6320-TCXaccess-date=2020-06-18archive-date=2021-09-18archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918145809/https://www.pantone.com/color-finder/18-6320-TCXurl-status=dead}}
Hexadecimal#CE2939#FFFFFF#477050

Notes

References

References

  1. "1957. évi II. törvény a Magyar Népköztársaság Alkotmányának módosításáról".
  2. "1990. évi XL. törvény a Magyar Köztársaság Alkotmányának módosításáról".
  3. "51/1957. (VIII. 18.) Korm. számú rendelet a magyar tengeri kereskedelmi hajók lobogójáról.".
  4. "1995. évi LXXXIII. törvény a Magyar Köztársaság nemzeti jelképeinek és a Magyar Köztársaságra utaló elnevezésnek a használatáról".
  5. (1991). "A Magyar Honvédség új felségjelzése és hadilobogói". Haditechnika.
  6. "the Streets, through which the King is to go, being Boarded and covered with White, Green, and Red Cloth" {{Google books. GBRmAAAAcAAJ. "Of the Ceremonies observed in the Coronations of the Kings and Queens of Hungary", The Present State of Hungary (1687). United Kingdom: (n.p.).
  7. "A nemzeti zászló történelme".
  8. [http://mek.oszk.hu/03400/03407/html/387.html The Weakening of Absolutism: The War in Italy and the Hungarian Émigrés].
  9. (16 March 2011). "National and State Symbols in the Hungarian Legal System (Excerpts)". Legal Compass.
  10. "The Fundamental Law of Hungary".
  11. [http://njt.hu/cgi_bin/njt_doc.cgi?docid=140968.248458 Magyarország Alaptörvénye]
  12. "The Constitution of the Hungarian Republic".
  13. [http://www.complex.hu/kzldat/t9500083.htm/t9500083.htm Law 1995/LXXXIII]
  14. [http://www.complex.hu/kzldat/t0000038.htm/t0000038.htm Law 2000/XXXVIII]
  15. Volker Preuß. "Flagge Ungarns".
  16. (2020-06-18). "Megújult a nemzeti zászlóra és lobogóra vonatkozó nemzeti szabvány".
  17. "PANTONE 18-1660 TCX Tomato".
  18. "PANTONE 18-6320 TCX Fairway".
  19. Horváth, Zoltán. (1995). "A zászlók kialakulása és fejlődése a kezdetektől napjainkig". Zászlókutató Intézet.
  20. Csákváriné Kottra, Györgyi. (2011). "Magyar zászlók a honfoglalástól napjainkig". Hadtörténeti Intézet és Múzeum.
  21. "Árpád-házi királyi zászló a 12. sz. végétől".
  22. "Az Árpád-házi királyok családi zászlaja".
  23. Csákváriné Kottra, Györgyi. (2011). "Magyar zászlók a honfoglalástól napjainkig". Hadtörténeti Intézet és Múzeum.
  24. [[:File:Rozgony Battle.jpg. Miniature]]{{page needed. (November 2018 in ''[[Chronicon Pictum]]'' (c. 1370).)
  25. "Anjou-királyi zászló".
  26. "Anjou Kings Flag (1301-1382)".
  27. Somogyi, Győző. (2011). "Magyar hadizászlók". Cser Kiadó.
  28. Somogyi, Győző. (2011). "Magyar hadizászlók". Cser Kiadó.
  29. Somogyi, Győző. (2011). "Magyar hadizászlók". Cser Kiadó.
  30. Horváth, Zoltán. (1995). "A zászlók kialakulása és fejlődése a kezdetektől napjainkig". Zászlókutató Intézet.
  31. Somogyi, Győző. (2011). "Magyar hadizászlók". Cser Kiadó.
  32. Csákváriné Kottra, Györgyi. (2011). "Magyar zászlók a honfoglalástól napjainkig". Hadtörténeti Intézet és Múzeum.
  33. "Rákóczi fejedelem zászlaja".
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