First Hellenic Republic

History

In the first stages of the war, various areas elected their own regional governing councils. These were replaced by a central administration at the First National Assembly of Epidaurus in early 1822, which also adopted the first Greek Constitution, marking the birth of the modern Greek state. The councils continued in existence, however, and central authority was not firmly established until 1824/25. The new state was not recognized by the Great Powers of the day, which, after initial successes, was threatened with collapse both from within due to civil war and from without through the victories of the Turco-Egyptian army of Ibrahim Pasha.

By 1827, the Greek revolution had almost been extinguished on the mainland, but by this time the Great Powers had come to agree to the formation of an autonomous Greek state under Ottoman suzerainty, as stipulated in the Treaty of London. Ottoman refusal to accept these terms led to the Battle of Navarino, which effectively secured complete Greek independence.

In 1827, the Third National Assembly at Troezen established the Hellenic State (Ἑλληνικὴ Πολιτεία) and selected Count Ioannis Kapodistrias as Governor of Greece. Therefore, this period is often called Governorate (). After his arrival in Greece in January 1828, Kapodistrias actively tried to create a functional state and redress the problems of a war-ravaged country, but was soon embroiled in conflict with powerful local magnates and chieftains. [[File:Kapodistrias2.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ioannis Kapodistrias]], Governor of Greece]]

During the period of 1828–1830, the island of Samos was incorporated into the Republic as part of the Eastern Sporades province.

Kapodistrias was assassinated by political rivals in 1831, plunging the country into renewed civil strife. He was succeeded by his brother Augustinos, who was forced to resign after six months. The Fifth National Assembly at Nafplion drafted a new royal constitution, while the three "Protecting Powers" (Great Britain, France and Russia) intervened, declaring Greece a Kingdom in the London Conference of 1832, with the Bavarian Prince Otto of Wittelsbach as king.

Heads of the Executive

The following were the heads of government for the First Hellenic Republic:

Provisional Administration of Greece (1822–1827)

Hellenic State (1827–1832)

References

References

1. (5 May 1827). "Πολιτικὸν Σύνταγμα τῆς Ἑλλάδος". [[Third National Assembly at Troezen.
2. (2010). "Ottoman Rule and the War of Independence". Wiley-Blackwell.
3. Llc, Books. (2010). "Greek War of Independence: Morea Expedition, Massacres During the Greek Revolution, Souliotes, Background of the Greek War of Independence, Filiki Eteria, Armatoloi, Spinalonga, Greek Civil Wars of 1824–1825, Gramvousa, Klepht, Aegean Anti-Piracy Operation". General Books.
4. (20 May 2018). "Which Country Is Also Called The Hellenic Republic?".
5. "Constitutional History".
6. "Countries Go-Gu".