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Federal districts of Russia
Federal subjects of Russia
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Federal subjects of Russia
the grouping of regions by a presidential decree
The federal districts (федеральные округа) are groupings of the federal subjects of Russia. Federal districts consist of a group of regions with various autonomy levels as per constitution, but the districts themselves are not mentioned by the constitution and are not autonomous, do not have administrative competences of their own, and do not manage regional affairs. They exist solely to monitor consistency between the federal and regional bodies of law, and ensure federal management of the civil service, judiciary, and federal agencies operating in the regions. The federal district system was established on 13 May 2000.
List of federal districts
| Federal district | Date | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| established | Area | ||||||
| (km2) | [2021 census](2021-russian-census) | HDI (2021) | GRDP (2023) | Federal | |||
| subjects | Administrative | ||||||
| centre | Largest | ||||||
| city | Map | Population | per km2 | Total | Per capita | ||
| North Caucasian | 19 January 2010 | 170,400 | 10,171,000 | 60 | 0.793 | ₽3.569 trillion | |
| ($ billion) | ₽348,930 | ||||||
| ($) | 7 | Pyatigorsk | Makhachkala | [[File:Outline Map of North Caucasian Federal District.svg | 100px | border]] | |
| Southern | 13 May 2000 | 427,800 | 16,746,000 | 39 | 0.799 | ₽9.816 trillion | |
| ($ billion) | ₽588,461 | ||||||
| ($) | 8 | Rostov-on-Don | Krasnodar | [[File:Outline Map of Southern Federal District (Crimea disputed).svg | 100px | border]] | |
| Central | 13 May 2000 | 650,200 | 40,342,000 | 62 | 0.845 | ₽54.102 trillion | |
| ($ billion) | ₽1,345,162 | ||||||
| ($) | 18 | Moscow | [[File:Outline Map of Central Russia.svg | 100px | border]] | ||
| Northwestern | 13 May 2000 | 1,687,000 | 13,917,000 | 8 | 0.833 | ₽19.262 trillion | |
| ($ billion) | ₽1,390,383 | ||||||
| ($) | 11 | Saint Petersburg | [[File:Outline Map of Northwestern Federal District.svg | 100px | border]] | ||
| Volga | 13 May 2000 | 1,037,000 | 28,943,000 | 28 | 0.804 | ₽22.013 trillion | |
| ($ billion) | ₽769,355 | ||||||
| ($) | 14 | Nizhny Novgorod | Kazan | [[File:Outline Map of Volga Federal District.svg | 100px | border]] | |
| Ural | 13 May 2000 | 1,818,500 | 12,301,000 | 7 | 0.839 | ₽23.044 trillion | |
| ($ billion) | ₽1,879,521 | ||||||
| ($) | 6 | Yekaterinburg | [[File:Outline map of Urals Federal District.svg | 100px | border]] | ||
| Siberian | 13 May 2000 | 4,361,800 | 16,793,000 | 4 | 0.794 | ₽13.962 trillion | |
| ($ billion) | ₽840,764 | ||||||
| ($) | 10 | Novosibirsk | [[File:Outline Map of Siberian Federal District (2018).svg | 100px | border]] | ||
| Far Eastern | 13 May 2000 | 6,952,600 | 7,976,000 | 1 | 0.808 | ₽10.129 trillion | |
| ($ billion) | ₽1,284,545 | ||||||
| ($) | 11 | Vladivostok | Khabarovsk | [[File:Outline Map of Far Eastern Federal District.svg | 100px | border]] |
Source:
History
The federal districts of Russia were established by a decree issued by President Vladimir Putin on 13 May 2000 to facilitate the federal government's control of the then 89 federal subjects across the country.
On 19 January 2010, the new North Caucasian Federal District split from the Southern Federal District.
In March 2014, after the annexation of Crimea, the Crimean Federal District was established. The legality of this annexation is disputed by an overwhelming majority of countries. On 28 July 2016 the Crimean Federal District was abolished and merged into the Southern Federal District in order to improve governance.
In November 2018, Buryatia and Zabaykalsky Krai were moved from the Siberian Federal District to the Far Eastern Federal District in accordance with a decree issued by Putin. The Administrative Centre of the Far Eastern Federal District relocated from Khabarovsk to Vladivostok in December 2018.
Presidential plenipotentiary envoys
- Central Federal District
- Igor Shchyogolev (since 26 June 2018)
- Southern Federal District
- Vladimir Ustinov (since 12 May 2008)
- Northwestern Federal District
- Igor Rudenya (since 29 September 2025)
- Far Eastern Federal District
- Yury Trutnev (since 31 August 2013)
- Siberian Federal District
- Anatoly Seryshev (since 12 October 2021)
- Ural Federal District
- Artyom Zhoga (since 2 October 2024)
- Volga Federal District
- Igor Komarov (since 7 September 2018)
- North Caucasian Federal District
- Yury Chaika (since 22 January 2020)
References
References
- Russell, Martin. (October 2015). "Russia's constitutional structure". [[European Parliament]].
- "Russia: Federal Districts and Major Cities". City Population.
- "Subnational HDI".
- "1.1. ОСНОВНЫЕ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ в 2014 г.". [[Russian Federal State Statistics Service]].
- "Subnational Human Development Index (SD-201) (Russian Federation)". [[Radboud University Nijmegen]].
- (27 May 2025). "Валовой региональный продукт - Врп с 1998-2023 года (Table-2 total and Table-4 per capita)".
- "Results of Census: Population of Crimea is 2.284 Million People".
- (15 May 2000). "Putin decree creates seven federal districts". [[The Jamestown Foundation]].
- Petrov, Nikolai. (March 2002). "Seven Faces of Putin's Russia: Federal Districts as the New Level of State–Territorial Composition". [[SAGE Publishing]].
- (March 21, 2014). "В России создан Крымский федеральный округ". RBC.
- (March 19, 2014). "NATO Secretary-General: Russia's Annexation of Crimea Is Illegal and Illegitimate". [[Brookings Institution.
- (28 July 2016). "Крымский федеральный округ включен в состав Южного федерального округа". [[Interfax]].
- "Официальныйi интернет-портал правовой информации".
- "Путин перенес столицу Дальневосточного федерального округа во Владивосток".
- (26 June 2018). "Игорь Холманских уволен с поста полпреда президента в Уральском федеральном округе". [[Meduza]].
- link. Ульянова. Жанна. (August 31, 2013). [[Gazeta.ru]]
- (2021-10-12). "Путин назначил Серышева полпредом в Сибирском Федеральном округе".
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