Fear of children

Terminology

Paedophobia is the British English spelling, and pediaphobia is another alternate spelling. The terms come from the Greek roots παιδ- paid- (child) and φόβος -phóbos (fear). Pedophobia is not to be confused with pediophobia (fear of dolls) or podophobia (fear of feet).

Causes

Letty Cottin Pogrebin, a founding editor of Ms. magazine, diagnosed America as having an "epidemic of paedophobia", saying that, "though most of us make exceptions for our own offspring, we do not seem particularly warm-hearted towards other people's children." Evidenced more succinctly by the Cinderella effect in evolutionary psychology, this may mostly be explained via kin selection.

One author suggests that the cause of the fear of children in academia specifically extends from adults' distinct awareness of the capacity of children: "Children embarrass us because they point ever too cleverly and clearly to our denial of personal, material, and maternal history."

One report suggests that the source of current trends in the fear of children have a specific source: James Q. Wilson, a professor at UCLA's School of Management, who in 1975 helped inaugurate the current climate of pedophobia when he said "a critical mass of younger persons... creates an explosive increase in the amount of crime."

Sociologists have situated "contemporary fears about children and childhood" as "contributing to the ongoing social construction of childhood", suggesting that "generational power relations, in which children's lives are bounded by adult surveillance" affect many aspects of society.

Efforts to decrease

Efforts to decrease inattention to the needs of children or opposition to youths is a focus of several international social justice movements addressing young people, including children's rights and youth participation. Major international organizations addressing discrimination, either outright or by implication, include Save the Children and Children's Defense Fund. However, some organizations, particularly those associated with the youth rights movement, claim that these movements perpetuate discrimination.

The United Nations has created the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which is implicitly designed to foster intergenerational equity between children and adults.

The influence of the fear of youths in American popular culture is examined by critical media analysts who have identified the effects of pedophobia in both Disney and horror films.

Other authors and scholars, including Henry Giroux, Mike Males, and Barbara Kingsolver have suggested that the popular modern fear of youths stems from corporatisation of mass media and its complicity with a range of political and economic interests. Males perhaps goes the furthest, and wrote an entire book exploring the subject.

References

References

1. Schwartz, C., Houlihan, D., Krueger, K. F., Simon, D. A. (1997) "The Behavioral Treatment of a Young Adult with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and a Fear of Children," ''Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 19''1, p37-49.
2. Kemeter, P. & Fiegl, J. (1998) "Adjusting to life when assisted conception fails," ''Human Reproduction. 13''4 p. 1099–1105.
3. McDonald, R. (1968) "The Role of Emotional Factors in Obstetric Complications: A Review," ''Psychosomatic Medicine 30'' p. 222-237. American Psychosomatic Society.
4. Kring, A., Davison, G., et al. (2006) ''Abnormal Psychology'' Wiley.
5. Djordjevic, S. (2004) ''Dictionary of Medicine: French-English with English-French Glossary.'' Schreiber Publishing, Inc.
6. Scott, S., Jackson, S., & Backett-milburnswings, K. (1998) "Swings and roundabouts: Risk anxiety and the everyday worlds of children," ''Sociology, 32'' p. 689-705. [[Cambridge University Press]].
7. L. Pogrebin, as cited in Zelizer, V. (1994) ''Pricing the Priceless Child: The Changing Social Value of Children'' [[Princeton University Press]].
8. Coiner, C. & George, D.H. (1998) ''The Family Track: Keeping Your Faculties while You Mentor, Nurture, Teach, and Serve'' [[University of Illinois Press]].
9. Murashige, M. (2001). ''The Future of Change: Youth Perspectives on Social Justice and Cross-Cultural Collaborative Action in Los Angeles.'' Los Angeles: [http://mcc-la.org MultiCultural Collaborative] {{Webarchive. link. (2007-12-13 .)
10. Axon, K. (n.d.) [http://www.asfar.org/zine/1st/Paedophobia.html ''The Anti-Child Bias of Children's Advocacy Groups''] {{web archive. link. (August 20, 2006 Chicago, IL: Americans for a Society Free of Age Restrictions.)
11. "Archived copy".
12. Giroux, H. (1999) ''The Mouse that Roared: Disney and the End of Innocence.'' [[Rowman & Littlefield Publishers]]
13. Phillips, K. (2005) ''Projected Fears: Horror Films and American Culture.'' [[Praeger Publishers]]
14. (n.d.) [http://www.freechild.org/ReadingList/henry_giroux.htm Reading List on Henry Giroux] {{Webarchive. link. (2007-02-06 . [[The Freechild Project]].)
15. Dudley-Marling, C., Jackson, J., & Patel, L. (2006) "Disrespecting Childhood, ''[[Phi Delta Kappan]] 87''10 (June 2006).
16. Males, M. (2001) ''Kids and Guns: How Politicians, Experts, and the Media Fabricate Fear of Youth.'' Common Courage Press.