Fairmount Township, Pennsylvania

History

Early history

Fairmount Township is in Pennsylvania, where humans have lived since at least 10000 BC. The first settlers in the state were Paleo-Indian nomadic hunters known from their stone tools. The hunter-gatherers of the Archaic period, which lasted locally from 7000 to 1000 BC, used a greater variety of more sophisticated stone artifacts. The Woodland period marked the gradual transition to semi-permanent villages and horticulture, between 1000 BC and 1500 AD. Archeological evidence found in the state from this time includes a range of pottery types and styles, burial mounds, pipes, bows and arrows, and ornaments.

Fairmount Township is in the Susquehanna River drainage basin, the earliest recorded inhabitants of which were the Iroquoian-speaking Susquehannocks. They were a matriarchal society that lived in stockaded villages of large longhouses, but their numbers were greatly reduced by disease and warfare with the Five Nations of the Iroquois, and by 1675 they had died out, moved away, or been assimilated into other tribes.

After the demise of the Susquehannocks, the lands of the Susquehanna River valley were under the nominal control of the Iroquois, who also lived in longhouses, primarily in what is now the state of New York. The Iroquois had a strong confederacy which gave them power beyond their numbers. To fill the void left by the demise of the Susquehannocks, the Iroquois encouraged displaced tribes from the east to settle in the Susquehanna watershed, including the Shawnee and Lenape (or Delaware).

The French and Indian War (1754–1763) and subsequent colonial expansion encouraged the migration of many Native Americans westward to the Ohio River basin. After the American Revolutionary War, Native Americans almost entirely left Pennsylvania. In 1890, a Native American pot, decorated in the style of "the peoples of the Susquehanna region," was found under a rock ledge on Kitchen Creek by Murray Reynolds.

Township

The first Europeans came to the region in the 18th century. The first settler in the township was John Franklin of Connecticut. Additional settlers followed in Franklin's footsteps (e.g., Levi Seward and Nathaniel Goss). Under the Connecticut title—previous to 1776—it was originally known as Bloomingdale Township. The name was changed to Huntington Township in 1799 in honor of Samuel Huntington, a native of Connecticut and one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Fairmount Township broke away from Huntington Township in the 1830s; it was officially incorporated as a township in 1834.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 119.7 km2, of which 118.4 km2 is land and 1.3 km2, or 1.07%, is water. It is located in the northwestern corner of Luzerne County. The northern portion of Fairmount Township is mostly made up of mountains, lakes, streams, and thick forests. Ricketts Glen State Park is located in this half of the township. The southern half of Fairmount Township consists mostly of farmland and forests; the villages of Mossville and Rittenhouse are located in this part of the township. PA 118 and PA 487 intersect in the western part of the township in the village of Red Rock.

Ricketts Glen State Park

Much of Ricketts Glen State Park is in Fairmount Township. The park offers hiking, camping, horseback riding, and hunting. Lake Jean is used for swimming, fishing, canoeing, and kayaking. In winter there is cross-country skiing, ice fishing on the lake, and ice climbing on the frozen falls. Almost all of Kitchen Creek and the 24 named waterfalls are in the township. File:Ricketts Glen State Park Map.png|alt=A map showing Kitchen Creek flowing southeast from Ganoga Lake, through Lake Jean, and then through the dry bed of Lake Rose into Ganoga Glen with ten waterfalls. A second branch of the creek flows south through the dry bed of Lake Leigh, then through Glen Leigh and its eight waterfalls. These branches meet at Waters Meet and the creek flows south through Ricketts Glen and its six waterfalls. The South Branch Bowman Creek is east of Lake Leigh and Big Run is west of Lake Rose. Pennsylvania Route 487 runs north-south at left, and Pennsylvania Route 118 runs east-west at the bottom of the map. County borders are also shown. ||800px|thumb|center rect 98 829 184 864 Sullivan County, Pennsylvania rect 76 987 163 1023 Columbia County, Pennsylvania rect 121 562 206 601 Luzerne County, Pennsylvania rect 182 454 240 512 Pennsylvania Route 487 rect 674 670 792 692 Pennsylvania Route 118 rect 471 596 543 632 Ricketts Glen rect 655 280 780 319 Bowman Creek rect 505 6 646 41 Ricketts Glen State Park rect 477 651 543 690 Kitchen Creek rect 494 750 551 770 Adams Falls rect 366 733 485 753 Kitchen Creek Falls rect 499 546 618 563 Shingle Cabin Falls rect 491 488 632 506 Murray Reynolds Falls rect 487 471 631 488 Sheldon Reynolds Falls rect 480 454 615 470 Harrison Wright Falls rect 413 398 469 437 Waters Meet rect 447 298 494 334 Glen Leigh rect 478 428 556 445 Wyandot Falls rect 483 410 585 427 B. Reynolds Falls rect 485 392 595 408 R. B. Ricketts Falls rect 483 376 539 391 Ozone Falls rect 491 348 545 365 Huron Falls rect 496 326 573 345 Shawnee Falls rect 498 306 604 323 F.L. Ricketts Falls rect 500 287 585 304 Onondaga Falls rect 356 355 421 389 Ganoga Glen rect 427 521 463 538 Erie Falls rect 362 503 447 519 Tuscarora Falls rect 325 487 415 503 Conestoga Falls rect 321 472 394 488 Mohican Falls rect 285 452 367 470 Delaware Falls rect 312 434 377 450 Seneca Falls rect 308 418 373 434 Ganoga Falls rect 286 398 349 414 Cayuga Falls rect 276 383 337 398 Oneida Falls rect 248 365 321 382 Mohawk Falls rect 306 116 352 156 Lake Jean rect 253 295 344 340 Lake Rose rect 564 165 614 209 Lake Leigh rect 4 234 78 259 Big Run (Fishing Creek tributary) rect 63 0 130 35 Ganoga Lake desc bottom-left

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,226 people, 490 households, and 347 families residing in the township. The population density was 26.9 PD/sqmi. There were 598 housing units at an average density of 13.1/sq mi (5.1/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 97.72% White, 0.57% African American, 0.98% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, and 0.49% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.33% of the population.

There were 490 households, out of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.6% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.0% were non-families. 25.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the township the population was spread out, with 24.1% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 25.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.4 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $37,656, and the median income for a family was $45,208. Males had a median income of $31,979 versus $21,103 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,334. About 7.4% of families and 10.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.3% of those under age 18 and 9.4% of those age 65 or over.

References

References

1. "2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau.
2. "City and Town Population Totals: 2020—2021". US Census Bureau.
3. Kent, Smith, McCann, pp. 4, 7–11, 85–96, 195–201.
4. Wallace (2005), pp. 4–12, 84–89, 99–105, 145–148, 157–164.
5. Wallace (1987), pp. 66–72, 130–132.
6. Wallace (2005), pp. 136–141.
7. Wren, p. 56, Plate No. 7.
8. "HISTORY OF LUZERNE LACKAWANNA and WYOMING COUNTIES".
9. "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Fairmount township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania". [[United States Census Bureau]].
10. "U.S. Census website". [[United States Census Bureau]].