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Expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah (Hisma)

Field	Value
image	Saudi Arabia relief location map (cropped).jpg
caption	Location of the Ḥismā region (shaded red) in Northwest Arabia
conflict	Expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah (Hisma)
place
date	October 628 in 6th month, AH 7
result
*Al-Hunayd ibn Arid (enemy commander) and his son killed<ref name	mubarakpuri ([online](http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/SM_tsn/ch5s2.html))
commander1	Zayd ibn Haritha
commander2	Al-Hunayd ibn Arid
strength1	500
strength2	Unknown
casualties1	Unknown
casualties2	Many killed, including chief 100 captured

Successful raid, 1000 camels, 5000 cattle and a 100 tribe members captured
Al-Hunayd ibn Arid (enemy commander) and his son killed

The expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah in Hisma took place in October 628, i.e. the 6th month of AH 7 of the Islamic calendar. The attack led by Zayd ibn Harithah was a response to Dihyah bin Khalifa Kalbi's call for help, after being attacked by robbers. Muslims retaliated and killed many of the robbers and captured 100 tribe members.

Background

Envoys sent to invite people to Islam

After the signing the Hudaibiya Treaty with the Quraysh in Mecca, Muhammad sent several envoys in a few neighboring countries, inviting them to Islam. The following were sent:

Amr bin Umayyah al-Damri to the king of Abyssinia called Ashamah ibn Abjar al-Najashi.
Dihyah bin Khalifah al-Kalbi to the Roman Emperor Heraclius
Hatib bin Abi Baltaeh to the king of Egypt called Muqawqis
Allabn Al-Hazermi to Munzer bin Sawa the king of Bahrain called Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi
Amr ibn al-As to the king of Oman called Abd Al-Jalandi
Salit bin Amri to the king of Yamama called Hawza bin Ali
Shiya bin Wahab to Haris bin Ghasanni to the king of Damascus called Harith bin Abi Shamir Al-Ghassani
Abdullah ibn Hudhafah as-Sahmi to the emperor of Persia called Khosrow II.

One envoy attacked by bandits

He sent Dhiyah bin Khalifah al-Kalbi to the king of Basra, who would in turn send it to Caesar (Heraclius).

In his epistle to Heraclius, the Roman emperor, Muhammad wrote:

"In the name of God, the Most Merciful, the Bestower of all Mercy From Muhammad, son of Abdullah to Heraclius the Leader of the Romans: Peace be upon he who follows the guidance. Furthermore, I invite you with the invitation of peace. If you submit then you will find safety and God will double your reward. If you turn away, you will bear the peasants sins. "O People of the Scripture! Come to a common word between us and you: that we shall worship none but God, and that we shall ascribe no partner unto Him, and that none of us shall take others for lords beside God. And if they turn away, then say: Bear witness that we are they who have surrendered (unto Him). — Quran, Chapter: Aal Imran “The House of Joachim” 3:64”

When, after finishing his trip, Dhiyah was returning to Medina ; a group of bandit belonging to Banu Judham looted him of everything he had, when he reached Hisma, a place on the way to Syria and west of Tabuk.

Muslim response

Dhiyah approached the Banu Dubayb (a tribe which converted to Islam and had good relations with Muslims) for help. When the news reached Muhammad, he immediately dispatched Zayd ibn Haritha with 500 men to punish them. The Muslim army fought with Banu Judham, killed several of them (inflicting heavy casualties), including their chief, Al-Hunayd ibn Arid and his son, and captured 1000 camels, 5000 of their cattle and a 100 women and boys. The new chief of the Banu Judham who had embraced Islam appealed to Muhammad to release his fellow tribesmen, and Muhammad released them.

Notes

References

Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al. (March 2024). "The Sealed Nectar". Darussalam Publications.
Abū Khalīl, Shawqī. (2003). "Atlas of the Quran". Dar-us-Salam.
Hawarey, Mosab. (2010). "The Journey of Prophecy; Days of Peace and War (Arabic)". Islamic Book Trust.
Safiur-Rahman Mubarakpuri, [https://books.google.com/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&pg=PA221 The Sealed Nectar], p. 221
Akbar Shāh Ḵẖān Najībābādī, [https://books.google.com/books?ei=L8VHVM-lPNT77Aaiw4CICw&id=Pi5tAAAAMAAJ&dq=kalbi History of Islam, Volume 1], p. 194. Quote: "Again, the Holy Prophet «P sent Dihyah bin Khalifa Kalbi to the Roman Emperor Heraclius, Hatib bin Abi Baltaeh to the king of Egypt and Alexandria; Allabn Al-Hazermi to Munzer bin Sawa the king of Bahrain; Amer bin Aas to the king of Oman. Salit bin Amri to Hozah bin Ali— the king of Yamama; Shiya bin Wahab to Haris bin Ghasanni to the king of Damascus"
Safiur-Rahman Mubarakpuri, [https://books.google.com/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&pg=PA222 The Sealed Nectar], p. 222
Safiur-Rahman Mubarakpuri, [https://books.google.com/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&pg=PA224 The Sealed Nectar], p. 224
Watt, W. Montgomery. (1956). "Muhammad at Medina". Oxford University Press.

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