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Expatriates in the United Arab Emirates
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| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| group | Expatriates in the United Arab Emirates |
| population | 9.66 million (2025 est.) |
| Approximately 89% of the UAE population | |
| popplace | DubaiAbu Dhabi |
| langs | English (*lingua franca*)ArabicHindiMalayalamUrduPashtoTagalogPersianRussianOthers |
| rels | IslamChristianityHinduismOthers |
| related | Expatriates in Kuwait |
Approximately 89% of the UAE population
Expatriates in the United Arab Emirates represent about 89% of the population, while Emiratis constitute roughly 11% of the total population, making the UAE home to the world's highest percentage of expatriates after the Vatican City.
Most immigrants reside in Dubai and the capital, Abu Dhabi. The UAE is home to over 200 nationalities. Indians and Pakistanis form the largest expatriate groups in the country, constituting 28% and 16% of the total population respectively. Westerners in the United Arab Emirates make up around 5% of its total population.
History and background
A number of immigrants settled in the country prior to independence. The United Arab Emirates attracts immigrants from all over the world; this may be because UAE nationals prefer to work for the government or military. The country's relatively liberal society compared to some of its neighbours has attracted many global expatriates, including people from the Western nations. Many immigrants were also attracted by its tax-free status.
However, since the late 2010s, an influx of high-net-worth individuals has significantly increased the cost of living, especially housing and private school fees. The UAE went from being the 90th most expensive destination for expatriates in 2013 to the 31st in 2023. The absence of an easy route to citizenship is another cause of emigration.
Legal status
Under Article 8 of UAE Federal Law no. 17, an expatriate can apply for UAE citizenship after residing in the country for a period not less than 30 years providing that person has maintained a good reputation, has never been convicted of a crime and is fluent in Arabic.
Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) populations
This section covers Arab populations from the Middle East and North Africa.
| Nationality | Estimated Population | Notes and References | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Algeria Algerians | ~10,000 (2014) | |||||||||||||||
| Bahrain Bahrainis | Unknown | Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) membership enables Bahraini nationals to enter the UAE without restrictions. | ||||||||||||||
| Egypt Egyptians | 480,000 (2025) | |||||||||||||||
| Iraq Iraqis | 200,000 | Iraqis have contributed significantly to the UAE as engineers and politicians, most notably Adnan Pachachi. | ||||||||||||||
| Jordan Jordanians | 250,000 (2009) | One of the largest Jordanian diaspora communities. | ||||||||||||||
| Kuwait Kuwaitis | Small community | Includes around 1,000 students. GCC nationals can live and work in UAE without restrictions. | ||||||||||||||
| Lebanon Lebanese | 80,000–156,000 (2025) | Many are involved in business and media. Notable nationals include Antoine Choueiri and Elias Bou Saab. | ||||||||||||||
| Libya Libyans | Variable | Many Libyans who lived in exile returned to Libya after the fall of the former regime. | ||||||||||||||
| Mauritania Mauritanians | ~5,000 | last1=McDougall | first1=James | last2=Scheele | first2=Judith | author-link2=Judith Scheele | title=Saharan Frontiers: Space and Mobility in Northwest Africa | date=2012 | publisher=Indiana University Press | isbn=978-0-253-00124-5 | page=178 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OWONbhuKBlQC&pg=PA178 | access-date=5 April 2015 | archive-date=18 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118102504/https://books.google.com/books?id=OWONbhuKBlQC&pg=PA178 | url-status=live}} |
| Morocco Moroccans | 100,000 | Largest group of Maghreb migrants in the country. | ||||||||||||||
| Oman Omanis | 9,000 (2003) | GCC members. Many work in the officer corps and police forces. UAE is a popular destination for Omani students. | ||||||||||||||
| Palestine Palestinians | 200,000 | One of the largest non-citizen Arab communities. | ||||||||||||||
| Qatar Qataris | Variable | GCC citizens. Relations were affected by the [2017–18 Qatar diplomatic crisis](2017-18-qatar-diplomatic-crisis) but family members were often exempt from bans. | ||||||||||||||
| Saudi Arabia Saudis | 5,595 (2008) | url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616060042/http://archive.arabnews.com/?page=6§ion=0&article=111912&d=17&m=7&y=2008&pix=business.jpg&category=Business | date=16 June 2012 }} | |||||||||||||
| Somalia Somalis | 100,000 | date=11 September 2012 | title=Dubai's Somali diaspora hope for change | agency=CCTV | url=http://english.cntv.cn/program/newsupdate/20120911/105653.shtml | access-date=4 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701165012/http://english.cntv.cn/program/newsupdate/20120911/105653.shtml | archive-date=1 July 2015}} | ||||||||
| Sudan Sudanese | 75,000 (2013) | url=http://www.arabnews.com/news/463272 | title=Etihad Airways introduces maiden flight to Sanaa | date=2 September 2013 | access-date=5 April 2015 | archive-date=11 April 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411214915/http://www.arabnews.com/news/463272 | url-status=live}} | ||||||||
| Syria Syrians | 242,000 | Prominent in media, real estate, fashion, and business. Notable residents have included Ronaldo Mouchawar and Michel Chalhoub. | ||||||||||||||
| Tunisia Tunisians | ~39,238 (2014) | Served by the Tunisian Business Council in Abu Dhabi. | ||||||||||||||
| Yemen Yemenis | 90,000 (2013) | Notable Emirati-naturalized Yemeni: Singer Balqees. |
West Asian populations (Non-Arabs)
| Nationality | Estimated Population | Notes and References |
|---|---|---|
| Armenia Armenians | ~5,000 | |
| Azerbaijan Azerbaijanis | ~12,000 | |
| Iran Iranians | 540,000 (2025) | Largest non-citizen West Asian community. |
| Israel Israelis | ~7,000 (2025) | Relations normalised in 2020. Before this, Israelis with dual citizenship entered via other passports. |
| Turkey Turks | ~44,500 (2024) | Rose from 8,000 in 2010. Many Turkish doctors have moved to Dubai in recent years. |
Sub-Saharan African populations
| Nationality | Estimated Population | Notes and References | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angola Angolans | ~1,200 | |||||||
| Chad Chadians | 9,246 (2019) | date=16 October 2019 | title=8 Interesting Facts About Chad | url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/8-interesting-facts-about-chad.html | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807235540/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/8-interesting-facts-about-chad.html | archive-date=7 August 2022 | access-date=7 August 2022}} |
| Comoros Comorians | ~1,000+ | Many are stateless Bedoon who obtained Comorian passports via investment deals. | ||||||
| Eritrea Eritreans | 3,000–4,000 (2010) | |||||||
| Ethiopia Ethiopians | ~100,000 | Significant presence in domestic work, aviation, and hospitality. | ||||||
| Ghana Ghanaians | over 300 | |||||||
| Kenya Kenyans | 30,000 (2024) | |||||||
| Nigeria Nigerians | 50,000–100,000 | Faced labour policy issues in 2021. | ||||||
| Senegal Senegalese | 700–800 | |||||||
| South Africa South Africans | ~100,000 (2014) | |||||||
| South Sudan South Sudanese | Small community | Primarily Christian; Flydubai operates flights to Juba. | ||||||
| Uganda Ugandans | ~70,000 |
Central Asian populations
| Nationality | Estimated Population | Notes and References | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan Afghans | ~300,000 (2023) | Largest Afghan community in the Arab world. Significant business presence (e.g., Azizi Group). | |||||
| Kazakhstan Kazakhs | 5,000–6,000 (2015) | ||||||
| Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz | ~4,000 (2012) | ||||||
| Uzbekistan Uzbeks | ~14,000 (2016) | url=http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/a-bit-like-attending-college-departing-expat-looks-back-on-his-uae-experience | title=A bit like attending college: departing expat looks back on his UAE experience – The National | access-date=20 October 2014 | archive-date=2 April 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402162703/http://www.thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/a-bit-like-attending-college-departing-expat-looks-back-on-his-uae-experience | url-status=dead}} |
East Asian populations
| Nationality | Estimated Population | Notes and References |
|---|---|---|
| China Chinese | Significant | |
| Japan Japanese | ~4,000 | Largest Japanese community in the Arab world. ~105 Japanese companies in Jebel Ali Free Zone (2007). |
| South Korea South Koreans | ~3,100 | Largest South Korean population in the Arab world. Includes many airline crew and businessmen. |
| North Korea North Koreans | ~1,300 | Primarily labourers. |
| Taiwan Taiwanese | ~400 |
South Asian populations
| Nationality | Estimated Population | Notes and References |
|---|---|---|
| Bangladesh Bangladeshis | 1.2 million (2024) | Major source of labour force. Remittances exceeded US$512.6M in 2005–06. |
| Bhutan Bhutanese | Small community | |
| India Indians | 4.3 million (2024) | Largest expatriate group. |
| Nepal Nepalese | 225,000 (2014) | Mostly construction, hospitality, and security workers. |
| Pakistan Pakistanis | 1.9 million (2025 estimate) | Second largest expatriate group. |
| Sri Lanka Sri Lankans | 320,000 (2023) | Second largest Sri Lankan diaspora in the world. |
Southeast Asian and Oceanian populations
| Nationality | Estimated Population | Notes and References | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia Australians | ~20,000 (2024) | Population fluctuated during 2009 financial crisis. Served by the Australia-New Zealand Association. | |||||||
| Fiji Fijians | Hundreds | Includes native and Indo-Fijians. Often work in retail, hospitality, security and aviation. | |||||||
| Philippines Filipinos | ~780,000 (2025) | One of the largest groups. | |||||||
| Indonesia Indonesians | Significant | ||||||||
| Malaysia Malaysians | ~6,000 (2010) | ||||||||
| New Zealand New Zealanders | ~4,000 | url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222010201/http://www.thenational.ae/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20091106%2FNATIONAL%2F711059864%2F1023%2Frss | date=22 February 2014 }} | ||||||
| Samoa Samoans | Very small | Active in rugby. Notable: Apollo Perelini. | |||||||
| Singapore Singaporeans | ~2,100 | url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/general/singapore-embassy-in-uae-hosts-national-day-celebrations-1.1231843 | title=Singapore Embassy in the UAE hosts National Day celebrations | author=Staff Report | date=16 September 2013 | access-date=20 October 2014 | archive-date=18 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118102507/https://gulfnews.com/uae/singapore-embassy-in-uae-hosts-national-day-celebrations-1.1231843 | url-status=live}} |
| Thailand Thais | ~8,000+ | ||||||||
| Vietnam Vietnamese | 5,000 |
North and South American populations
| Nationality | Estimated Population | Notes and References | |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States Americans | ~50,000 (2024) | One of the largest Western expatriate communities. | |
| Argentina Argentines | ~2,000 | Primarily pilots, bankers, and footballers (including Diego Maradona previously). | |
| Brazil Brazilians | ~5,500 (2020) | url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707080626/http://www.acontece.com/?act=25&actB=6 | date=7 July 2011 }} (*Portuguese*) |
| Canada Canadians | ~60,000 (2024) | Hosts Canadian University Dubai. | |
| Colombia Colombians | ~8,500 | Largest Latin American community. Notable athletes include Kevin Agudelo. | |
| Mexico Mexicans | ~3,000 | ||
| Peru Peruvians | ~300 | Strong presence in F&B sector. | |
| Venezuela Venezuelans | ~1,200 (2015) | Mostly in oil and gas. | |
| *Caribbean* (Various) | ~2,000 (2014) | Includes populations from Cuba Cuba, Dominican Republic Dominican Republic, and Jamaica Jamaica. |
European populations
| Nationality | Estimated Population | Notes and References | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albania Albanians | 200–300 | ||||||||||
| Austria Austrians | 1,800 | ||||||||||
| Belarus Belarusians | ~2,500 | ||||||||||
| Belgium Belgians | ~3,000 | ||||||||||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnians | 1,000–2,000 | url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/general/serbian-and-bosnian-communities-rally-aid-for-flood-victims-1.1336117 | title=Serbian and Bosnian communities rally aid for flood victims | author=Janice Ponce de Leon | date=21 May 2014 | access-date=22 October 2014 | archive-date=22 October 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022214403/http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/general/serbian-and-bosnian-communities-rally-aid-for-flood-victims-1.1336117 | url-status=live}} | ||
| United Kingdom British | ~240,000 (2024) | Long-standing community dating back to the Trucial States era. | |||||||||
| Bulgaria Bulgarians | ~7,000 | Largest Bulgarian population in the Arab world. | |||||||||
| Croatia Croatians | 2,500 | ||||||||||
| Cyprus Cypriots | ~1,000 | url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/travel-and-tourism/emiratis-visa-free-travel-to-europe-applauded-by-cyprus-1.280649 | title=Emiratis' visa-free travel to Europe applauded by Cyprus – The National | date=16 April 2014 | access-date=22 October 2014 | archive-date=22 October 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022191741/http://www.thenational.ae/uae/tourism/emiratis-visa-free-travel-to-europe-applauded-by-cyprus | url-status=live}} | |||
| Czech Republic Czechs | ~1,500 (2015) | ||||||||||
| Denmark Danes | ~2,000 (2010) | url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223070044/http://www.thenational.ae/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20100422%2FNATIONAL%2F704219884%2F1010%2Frss | date=23 February 2014 }} | ||||||||
| Netherlands Dutch | ~4,500 (2011) | ||||||||||
| Finland Finns | ~1,180 | ||||||||||
| France French | ~45,000 (2024) | Close to 300 French enterprises operate in the country. | |||||||||
| Germany Germans | ~10,000 | Three German schools exist in the UAE. | |||||||||
| Greece Greeks | 5,500 | url=http://www.mfa.gr/www.mfa.gr/en-US/Policy/Geographic+Regions/Mediterranean+-+Middle+East/Bilateral+Relations/United+Arab+Emirates/ | title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Greece) – United Arab Emirates | access-date=11 January 2011 | archive-date=22 May 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522010209/http://www.mfa.gr/www.mfa.gr/en-US/Policy/Geographic+Regions/Mediterranean+-+Middle+East/Bilateral+Relations/United+Arab+Emirates/}} | |||||
| Ireland Irish | ~10,000 | ||||||||||
| Italy Italians | ~10,000 | ||||||||||
| Latvia Latvians | ~300 | ||||||||||
| Norway Norwegians | 1,500–2,000 | ||||||||||
| Poland Poles | ~9,000 | Largest Polish population in the Arab world. | |||||||||
| Portugal Portuguese | ~4,000 | ||||||||||
| Romania Romanians | ~6,444 | url=http://www.viata-libera.ro/diaspora/70619-pe-toate-continentele-lumii-cati-romani-au-parasit-romania-pentru-a-trai-in-strainatate | title=Câți români au părăsit România pentru a trăi în străinătate | work=Viața liberă | author=Anca Melinte | date=25 September 2015 | language=ro | access-date=15 August 2021 | archive-date=16 April 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416024141/https://www.viata-libera.ro/diaspora/70619-pe-toate-continentele-lumii-cati-romani-au-parasit-romania-pentru-a-trai-in-strainatate | url-status=live }} |
| Russia Russians | ~500,000 (2024 estimate) | Includes 40,000 nationals plus others from CIS states. Huge presence in real estate and tourism. | |||||||||
| Serbia Serbs | ~5,000 | ||||||||||
| Slovakia Slovaks | ~1,000 | ||||||||||
| Slovenia Slovenians | 100–150 | ||||||||||
| Spain Spaniards | ~2,500 | ||||||||||
| Sweden Swedes | 3,000 | ||||||||||
| Switzerland Swiss | ~2,430 | ||||||||||
| Ukraine Ukrainians | ~5,000 (2014) |
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