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Exessive case

Grammatical case

Grammatical case

The exessive case (abbreviated ) is a grammatical case that denotes a transition away from a state. It is a rare case found in certain dialects of Baltic-Finnic languages. It completes the series of "to/in/from a state" series consisting of the translative case, the essive case and the exessive case.

The exessive case has been described in Estonian, South Estonian, Livonian, Votic, Ingrian, Ludic, Karelian, and Finnish.

Estonian

In the general pattern of the loss of a final vowel when compared to Finnish, the Estonian exessive ending is -nt.

Exessive case is unproductive in contemporary Estonian. It appears in words such as kodunt 'away from home' and tagant 'from behind', or South Estonian mant 'away from the vicinity of something'. The exessive is more common in the language of Estonian folk songs.

Finnish

The exessive is found only in Savo and southeastern dialects. Its ending is -nta/ntä.{{cite book |last= Korpela |first= Jukka K. |title= Handbook of Finnish |chapter= 93. Constructs sometimes regarded as cases |quote= Sometimes a case, exessive, with an ending ntA (combined from the ending nA of essive and tA of partitive) is suggested, meaning "from the role of", thus making the system of locational cases more orthogonal. It is used in a few dialects, though often in a few words only, e.g. using luonta instead of ... |page= 332 |location= Turku |publisher= Suomen E-painos Oy |isbn= 978-9-5266-1334-5 |access-date= April 15, 2019 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=VE2NCgAAQBAJ&dq=exessive+case+in+Finnish&pg=PT332

There are some word forms in Finnish dialects in which the exessive appears in a locative sense. These are somewhat common, though nonstandard, for example takaanta/takanta (from behind, standard Finnish takaa), siintä (from that/it or thence, standard Finnish siitä).

Publications

  • Ariste, Paul. 1960. "Ekstsessiivist läänemere keeltes." In Emakeele Seltsi Aastaraamat, VI, pp. 145-161.

References

References

  1. [[Paul Ariste. Ariste, Paul]]. 1960. "Ekstsessiivist läänemere keeltes." In ''Emakeele Seltsi Aastaraamat'', VI, 145-161.
  2. Särkkä, Tauno. 1969. ''Itämerensuomalaisten kielten eksessiivi''. (Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seuran toimituksia 291.) Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura.
  3. Prillop, Külli et al. 2020. ''Eesti keele ajalugu''. Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus. p. 201.
  4. Anhava, Jaakko. (2010). "''Criteria for case forms in Finnish and Hungarian grammars''". Studia Orientalia.
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