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Eugenia candolleana

Species of tree

Eugenia candolleana, or rainforest plum, is a tree native from Atlantic rainforest of Brazil, known locally by the Portuguese names cambuí roxo ('purple cambuí') or murtinha ('little myrtle'). It is quite rare in the wild, and has seen limited use in landscaping for its bright green foliage and purple-black fruits.

The species is named after the 19th-century Swiss botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle. The common name cambuí means 'thin-branched tree' in Tupi-Guarani language, and is applied to over 100 different species.

Description

The adult tree is 3–6 m tall, with rounded or conical canopy up to 2 m wide. New leaves are rusty-brown, turning yellow and then deep dark green. The reddish-brown bark peels off naturally showing a smooth reddish trunk. Leaves are simple, in opposite pairs, with smooth leathery texture, smooth edges, and the apex curved downwards.

Flowers are borne from November through January; they come in groups of 20 or more stalks, each bearing two flowers, sprouting from the base of leaf stalks.

Fruits mature between February and March. The ripe fruit is a round or slightly elongated berry, up to 20 mm wide and 25 mm long. It has a thin purple-black skin and a wet, firm, whitish pulp about 3–5 mm thick, surrounding a loose single (rarely double) seed. It is edible, moderately sweet, with an aroma similar to (but less intense than) that of the jabuticaba.

Cultivation

The tree can be propagated from seeds, is easy to grow and bears fruit after two years. It thrives best in full sunlight and requires good irrigation during the flowering and fruiting seasons.

Uses

The fruit are consumed fresh or made into jams. In the folk medicine of the region of Sergipe, the infusion of leaves has been used for the treatment of pain and fever. The essential oil distilled from the leaves (green 0.14% by weight) contains isomers of guaiol and cadinol, δ-elemene and viridiflorene.

Images

[[File:Eugenia candolleana 0.png	thumb	144px	Tree.]]	[[File:Eugenia candolleana 2.png	thumb	144px	Trunk and branches.]]	[[File:Eugenia candolleana 6.png	thumb	144px	Flower buds, early fruit.]]

References

"Plant Names C - F". The Eponym Dictionary of Southern African Plants.
''[http://frutasraras.sites.uol.com.br/eugeniamyrciaria.htm EUGENIA CANDOLLEANA E MYRCIARIA FLORIBUNDA]'' at the Frutas Raras site (in Portuguese). Accessed on 2012-02-27.
Trade Winds Fruit, [http://www.tradewindsfruit.com/rainforest_plum.htm Rainforest Plum, ''Eugenia candolleana'' a.k.a. Cambuí]. Accessed on 2012-02-27.
Adriana G. Guimarães, Mônica S. Melo, Rangel R. Bonfim, Luiz O. Passos, Samísia M.F. Machado, Adauto de S. Ribeiro, Marcos Sobral, Sara M. Thomazzi, Lucindo J. Quintans-Júnior (2009) ''Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the essential oil of ''Eugenia candolleana'' DC., Myrtaceae, on mice.'' Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia volume 19 issue 4 {{doi. 10.1590/S0102-695X2009000600016
Marcos J. Nakamura, Sérgio S. Monteiro, Carlos H.B. Bizarri, Antonio C. Siani, Mônica F.S. Ramos (2010) ''Essential oils of four Myrtaceae species from the Brazilian southeast.'' Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, volume 38, issue 6, pages 1170–1175 {{doi. 10.1016/j.bse.2010.11.003

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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