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Endemic birds of Colombia
The following is a list of the 83 known endemic bird species in Colombia (about 4% of Colombian species) with notes about their general distribution. Twenty-three (28%) of the species are found only in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, an isolated mountain range in northern Colombia with a very high degree of endemism.
Endemic bird list
| Scientific name | Common name | Status | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| **Cracidae** | |||
| *Ortalis garrula* | Chestnut-winged chachalaca | Caribbean Region between Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Sinú River | |
| *Ortalis columbiana* | Colombian chachalaca | Slopes of the Inter-Andean Valleys | |
| *Penelope perspicax* | Cauca guan | Endangered | Slopes of West & Central Andes (Valle del Cauca, Risaralda, Quindío, Cauca) |
| *Crax alberti* | Blue-billed curassow | Critically endangered | Spottily in forested mountains of northern Colombia |
| **Odontophoridae** | |||
| *Odontophorus hyperythrus* | Chestnut wood-quail | Near threatened | Slope of West and Central Andes |
| *Odontophorus strophium* | Gorgeted wood-quail | Endangered | West slope of East Andes |
| **Columbidae** | |||
| *Leptotila conoveri* | Tolima dove | Endangered | East slope of Central Andes (Tolima, Huila) |
| **Trochilidae** | |||
| *Ramphomicron dorsale* | Black-backed thornbill | Endangered | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| *Oxypogon stuebelii* | Buffy helmetcrest | Vulnerable | Central Andes páramo |
| *Oxypogon cyanolaemus* | Blue-bearded helmetcrest | Critically endangered | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| *Oxypogon guerinii* | Green-bearded helmetcrest | East Andes páramo | |
| *Eriocnemis isabellae* | Gorgeted puffleg | Critically endangered | Serranía del Pinche, Cauca |
| *Eriocnemis mirabilis* | Colorful puffleg | Critically endangered | West Andes in Cauca |
| *Coeligena prunellei* | Black inca | Vulnerable | West slope of East Andes (Cundinamarca, Boyacá, Santander) |
| *Coeligena phalerata* | White-tailed starfrontlet | Near threatened | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| *Coeligena orina* | Dusky starfrontlet | Critically endangered | Spottily in the northern West Andes |
| *Chaetocercus astreans* | Santa Marta woodstar | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta | |
| *Chlorostilbon olivaresi* | Chiribiquete emerald | Serranía de Chiribiquete, Amazon Region | |
| *Anthocephala floriceps* | Santa Marta blossomcrown | Vulnerable | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| *Anthocephala berlepschi* | Tolima blossomcrown | Central Andes (Quindío, Tolima, Huila) | |
| *Campylopterus phainopeplus* | Santa Marta sabrewing | Endangered | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| *Amazilia castaneiventris* | Chestnut-bellied hummingbird | Endangered | Drier areas of the Magdalena River drainage (Boyacá, Santander) |
| *Amazilia cyanifrons* | Indigo-capped hummingbird | Central Colombia (Upper Magdalena Valley into East Andes) | |
| *Lepidopyga lilliae* | Sapphire-bellied hummingbird | Critically endangered | Caribbean coast (Atlántico, Magdalena, La Guajira) |
| **Rallidae** | |||
| *Rallus semiplumbeus* | Bogota rail | Endangered | High wetlands in East Andes (Cundinamarca, Boyacá) |
| **Strigidae** | |||
| *Megascops gilesi* | Santa Marta screech owl | Vulnerable | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| **Bucconidae** | |||
| *Bucco noanamae* | Sooty-capped puffbird | Near threatened | Northwest Colombia (Chocó, Antioquia) |
| **Capitonidae** | |||
| *Capito hypoleucus* | White-mantled barbet | Vulnerable | North Central Andes & west slope of East Andes |
| **Picidae** | |||
| *Picumnus granadensis* | Grayish piculet | Cauca Valley slopes and lowlands | |
| *Melanerpes pulcher* | Beautiful woodpecker | North Central Andes & west slope of East Andes; Magdalena Valley | |
| **Psittacidae** | |||
| *Bolborhynchus ferrugineifrons* | Rufous-fronted parakeet | Vulnerable | Central Andes (Los Nevados National Park) |
| *Hapalopsittaca fuertesi* | Indigo-winged parrot | Critically endangered | Central Andes (Risaralda, Tolima, Quindío) |
| *Pyrrhura viridicata* | Santa Marta parakeet | Endangered | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| *Pyrrhura calliptera* | Brown-breasted parakeet | Vulnerable | Spottily in northern East Andes |
| *Ognorhynchus icterotis* | Yellow-eared parrot | Endangered | Few locations in the Colombian Andes |
| **Thamnophilidae** | |||
| *Drymophila caudata* | East Andean antbird | Near threatened | West slope of East Andes; Upper Magdalena Valley (Caquetá, Huila) |
| *Drymophila hellmayri* | Santa Marta antbird | Near threatened | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| *Cercomacra parkeri* | Parker's antbird | Central Andes; small area of central West Andes | |
| **Grallariidae** | |||
| *Grallaria bangsi* | Santa Marta antpitta | Vulnerable | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| *Grallaria kaestneri* | Cundinamarca antpitta | Endangered | East slope of East Andes (Cundinamarca) |
| *Grallaria urraoensis* | Urrao antpitta | Critically endangered | Páramo de Frontino, West Andes (Antioquia) |
| *Grallaria milleri* | Brown-banded antpitta | Vulnerable | Central Andes (Caldas, Tolima, Risaralda, Quindío) |
| **Rhinocryptidae** | |||
| *Scytalopus sanctaemartae* | Santa Marta tapaculo | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta | |
| *Scytalopus rodriguezi* | Magdalena tapaculo | Endangered | East slope of Central Andes, Upper Magdalena Valley |
| *Scytalopus stilesi* | Stiles's tapaculo | Northern Central Andes (Antioquia, Caldas, Risaralda) | |
| *Scytalopus alvarezlopezi* | Tatama tapaculo | Near threatened | West slope of West Andes (Antioquia to Valle del Cauca) |
| *Scytalopus latebricola* | Brown-rumped tapaculo | Near threatened | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| *Scytalopus canus* | Paramillo tapaculo | Endangered | Northern West Andes (Antioquia) |
| **Furnariidae** | |||
| *Clibanornis rufipectus* | Santa Marta foliage-gleaner | Near threatened | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| *Cranioleuca hellmayri* | Streak-capped spinetail | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta | |
| *Synallaxis subpudica* | Silvery-throated spinetail | East Andes (Cundinamarca, Boyacá) | |
| *Synallaxis fuscorufa* | Rusty-headed spinetail | Vulnerable | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| **Tyrannidae** | |||
| *Phylloscartes lanyoni* | Antioquia bristle-tyrant | Endangered | Central Andes (Antioquia, Caldas); west slope of East Andes (Cundinamarca, Boyacá) |
| *Myiotheretes pernix* | Santa Marta bush-tyrant | Endangered | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| *Myiarchus apicalis* | Apical flycatcher | Inter-Andean Valleys and adjacent slopes | |
| **Cotingidae** | |||
| *Lipaugus weberi* | Chestnut-capped piha | Endangered | Northern Central Andes |
| **Vireonidae** | |||
| *Vireo caribaeus* | San Andres vireo | Vulnerable | San Andres Island |
| **Troglodytidae** | |||
| *Troglodytes monticola* | Santa Marta wren | Critically endangered | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| *Cistothorus apolinari* | Apolinar's wren | Endangered | East Andes (Cundinamarca, Boyacá) |
| *Thryophilus sernai* | Antioquia wren | Endangered | Dry forest along Cauca River (Antioquia) |
| *Thryophilus nicefori* | Niceforo's wren | Critically endangered | West slope of East Andes (Santander, Boyacá) |
| *Henicorhina anachoreta* | Hermit wood wren | Near threatened | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| *Henicorhina negreti* | Munchique wood wren | Critically endangered | Spottily in the West Andes |
| **Fringillidae** | |||
| *Euphonia concinna* | Velvet-fronted euphonia | Magdalena Valley | |
| **Passerellidae** | |||
| *Arremon basilicus* | Sierra Nevada brushfinch | Near threatened | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| *Atlapetes melanocephalus* | Santa Marta brushfinch | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta | |
| *Atlapetes flaviceps* | Yellow-headed brushfinch | Endangered | East slope of Central Andes (Huila, Tolima) |
| *Atlapetes fuscoolivaceus* | Dusky-headed brushfinch | Near threatened | Upper Magdalena Valley (Huila, Cauca) |
| *Atlapetes blancae* | Antioquia brushfinch | Critically endangered | Northern Central Andes (Antioquia) |
| **Icteridae** | |||
| *Psarocolius cassini* | Baudo oropendola | Endangered | Coastal mountains of the Pacific Region, Choco |
| *Hypopyrrhus pyrohypogaster* | [Red-bellied grackle | Vulnerable | Spottily in Andes |
| *Macroagelaius subalaris* | Colombian mountain grackle | Endangered | West slope of East Andes |
| **Parulidae** | |||
| *Basileuterus basilicus* | Santa Marta warbler | Vulnerable | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| *Basileuterus conspicillatus* | White-lored warbler | Near threatened | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta |
| *Myioborus flavivertex* | Yellow-crowned redstart | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta | |
| **Cardinalidae** | |||
| *Habia gutturalis* | Sooty ant-tanager | Near threatened | Foothills of northern Andes including Magdalena Valley |
| *Habia cristata* | Crested ant-tanager | West slope of West Andes | |
| **Thraupidae** | |||
| *Bangsia melanochlamys* | Black-and-gold tanager | Vulnerable | Central Andes (Antioquia); West Andes (Chocó, Risaralda, Valle del Cauca) |
| *Bangsia aureocincta* | Gold-ringed tanager | Endangered | West Andes (Chocó, Risaralda, Valle del Cauca, Antioquia) |
| *Anisognathus melanogenys* | Black-cheeked mountain-tanager | Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta | |
| *Chlorochrysa nitidissima* | Multicolored tanager | Vulnerable | West Andes; Central Andes (Risaralda, Antioquia) |
| *Dacnis hartlaubi* | Turquoise dacnis | Vulnerable | Spottily in Andes (Valle del Cauca, Huila, Quindío, Antioquia, Risaralda, Cundinamarca, Boyacá) |
| *Diglossa gloriosissima* | Chestnut-bellied flowerpiercer | Endangered | Spottily in West Andes (Antioquia to Cauca) |
Image gallery
Image:Ortalis garrula.jpg|Ortalis garrula Image:Ortalis columbiana.JPG|Ortalis columbiana Image:Crax albertiPCCA20051227-1981B.jpg|Crax alberti Image:RhamphomicronDorsaleKeulemans.jpg|Ramphomicron dorsale Image:MonographTrochi4Goul 0226.jpg|Coeligena prunellei Image:MonographTrochi5Goul 0116.jpg|Amazilia castaneiventris Image:Capito hypoleucus.jpg|Capito hypoleucus Image:Grayish Piculet MatthewGable.JPG|Picumnus granadensis Image:MelanerpesPulcherSmit cleaned.png|Melanerpes pulcher Image:Pyrrhura viridicata.jpg|Pyrrhura viridicata Image:Grallaria bangsi.jpg|Grallaria bangsi Image:SynallaxisSmit.jpg|Synallaxis fuscorufa Image:Myiotheretes pernix.jpg|Myiotheretes pernix Image:Apical.Flycatcher Matthew.Gable.jpg|Myiarchus apicalis Image:PoecilothraupisMelanogenys.jpg|Anisognathus melanogenys Image:ChlorochrysaNitidissimaKeulemans.jpg|Chlorochrysa nitidissima Image:Dusky-headed Brush-finch (8079919489).jpg|Atlapetes fuscoolivaceus Image:Yellow-crowned Whitestart.jpg|Myioborus flavivertex Image:Basileuterus basilicus.jpg|Basileuterus basilicus Image:EuphoniaConcinnaSmit.jpg|Euphonia concinna
References
References
- "SACC-AOU: A Classification of the Bird Species of South America".
- "Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology - Neotropical Birds Online".
- "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species".
- "Clements Checklist 2018".
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