Eight-thousander

Climbing history

First ascents

The first recorded attempt on an eight-thousander was when Albert F. Mummery, Geoffrey Hastings and J. Norman Collie tried to climb Nanga Parbat in 1895. The attempt failed when Mummery and two Gurkhas, Ragobir Thapa and Goman Singh, died in an avalanche.

The first successful ascent of an eight-thousander was by the French climbers Maurice Herzog and Louis Lachenal, who reached the summit of Annapurna on 3 June 1950 using expedition climbing techniques as part of the 1950 French Annapurna expedition.

The first winter ascent of an eight-thousander was by a Polish team led by Andrzej Zawada on Mount Everest, with Leszek Cichy and Krzysztof Wielicki reaching the summit on 17 February 1980; all-Polish teams would complete nine of the first fourteen winter ascents of eight-thousanders.

Only two climbers have completed the first ascent of more than one eight-thousander, Hermann Buhl (Nanga Parbat and Broad Peak, in 1953 and 1957) and Kurt Diemberger (Broad Peak and Dhaulagiri, in 1957 and 1960). Buhl's summit of Nanga Parbat in 1953 is notable as being the only solo first-ascent of an eight-thousander. The Polish climber Jerzy Kukuczka is noted for creating over ten new routes on various eight-thousander mountains. Italian climber Simone Moro made the first winter ascent of four eight-thousanders (Shishapangma, Makalu, Gasherbrum II, and Nanga Parbat), while three Polish climbers have each made three first winter ascents of an eight-thousander, Maciej Berbeka (Cho Oyu, Manaslu, and Broad Peak), Krzysztof Wielicki (Everest, Kangchenjunga, and Lhotse) and Jerzy Kukuczka (Dhaulagiri I, Kangchenjunga, and Annapurna I).

All 14

On 16 October 1986, Italian Reinhold Messner became the first person to climb all 14 eight-thousanders. In 1987, Polish climber Jerzy Kukuczka became the second person to accomplish this feat.

On 17 May 2010, Spanish climber Edurne Pasaban became the first woman to summit all 14 eight-thousanders. In August 2011, Austrian climber Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner became the first woman to climb the 14 eight-thousanders without the use of supplementary oxygen.

The first couple and team to summit all 14 eight-thousanders were the Italians Nives Meroi (who was the second woman to accomplish this feat without supplementary oxygen), and her husband on 11 May 2017. The couple climbed alpine style, without the use of supplementary oxygen or other support.

On 22 May 2024, Nepali guide Kami Rita summitted Everest for the 30th time (a record for Everest), also becoming the first-ever person to climb an eight-thousander 41 times. In July 2022, Sanu Sherpa became the first person to summit all 14 eight-thousanders twice. He started with Cho Oyu in 2006, and completed the double by summiting Gasherbrum II in July 2022.

On 20 May 2013, South Korean climber Kim Chang-ho set a new speed record of climbing all 14 eight-thousanders, without the use of supplementary oxygen, in 7 years and 310 days. On 29 October 2019, the British-Nepali climber Nirmal Purja set a speed record of 6 months and 6 days for climbing all 14 eight-thousanders with the use of supplementary oxygen. On 27 July 2023, Kristin Harila and Tenjen Lama Sherpa set a new speed record of 92 days for climbing all 14 eight-thousanders with supplementary oxygen.

Deadliest

The eight-thousanders are some of the world's deadliest mountains. The extreme altitude and the fact that the summits of all eight-thousanders lie in the Death Zone mean that climber mortality (or death rate) is high. Two metrics are quoted to establish a death rate (i.e. broad and narrow) that are used to rank the eight-thousanders in order of deadliest.

• Broad death rate: The first metric is the ratio of total deaths on the mountain to successful climbers summiting over a given period. Using consistent data from 1950 to 2012, mountaineering statistician Eberhard Jurgalski (see table) used this metric to show Annapurna is the deadliest mountain (31.9%), followed by K2 (26.5%), Nanga Parbat (20.3%), Dhaulagiri (15.4%) and Kangchenjunga (14.1%). Cho Oyu was the safest at 1.4%.
• Narrow death rate: The drawback of the first metric is that it includes the deaths of any support climbers or climbing sherpas that went above base camp in assisting the climb; therefore, rather than being the probability that a climber will die attempting to summit an eight-thousander, it is more akin to the total human cost in getting a climber to the summit. In the Himalayan Database (HDB) tables, the climber (or member) "Death Rate" is the ratio of deaths above base camp, of all climbers who were hoping to summit and who went above base camp (calculated for 1950 to 2009), and is closer to a true probability of death (see table below). The data is only for the Nepalese Himalaya and therefore does not include K2 or Nanga Parbat. HDB estimates the probability of death for a climber attempting the summit of an eight-thousander is still highest for Annapurna I (4%), followed by Kangchenjunga (3%) and Dhaulagiri (3%); the safest is still Cho Oyu at 0.6%.

The tables from the HDB for eight-thousanders also show that the death rate of climbers for the period 1990 to 2009 (e.g. modern expeditions), is roughly half that of the combined 1950 to 2009 period, i.e. climbing is becoming safer for the climbers attempting the summit.

List of first ascents

From 1950 to 1964, all 14 of the eight-thousanders were summited in the summer (the first was Annapurna I in 1950, and the last was Shishapangma in 1964), and from 1980 to 2021, all 14 were summited in the winter (the first being Everest in 1980, and the last being K2 in 2021).

List of climbers of all 14

There is no single undisputed source or arbitrator for verified ascents of Himalayan eight-thousander peaks.

Various mountaineering journals, including the Alpine Journal and the American Alpine Journal, also maintain extensive records and archives on expeditions to the eight-thousanders, but do not always opine on disputed ascents, and nor do they maintain registers or lists of verified ascents of the eight-thousanders.

Elizabeth Hawley's The Himalayan Database, is considered as an important source for verified ascents for the Nepalese Himalayas. Online databases of Himalayan ascents pay close regard to The Himalayan Database, including the website AdventureStats.com, and the Eberhard Jurgalski List.

Verified ascents

The "No O2" column lists people who have climbed all 14 eight-thousanders without supplementary oxygen.

Disputed ascents

Claims have been made for summiting all 14 peaks for which not enough evidence was provided to verify the ascent; the disputed ascent in each claim is shown in parentheses in the table below. In most cases, the Himalayan chronicler Elizabeth Hawley is considered a definitive source regarding the facts of the dispute. Her The Himalayan Database is the source for other online Himalayan ascent databases (e.g. AdventureStats.com). The Eberhard Jurgalski List is also another important source for independent verification of claims to have summited all 14 eight-thousanders.

Verification issues

A recurrent problem with verification is the confirmation that the climber reached the true peak of the eight-thousander. Eight-thousanders present unique problems in this regard as they are so infrequently summited, their summits have not yet been exhaustively surveyed, and summiting climbers are often suffering the extreme altitude and weather effects of being in the death zone.

Cho Oyu for example, is a recurrent problem eight-thousander as its true peak is a small hump about a thirty minutes walk into the large flat summit plateau that lies in the death zone. The true peak is often obscured in very poor weather, and this led to the disputed ascent (per the table above) of British climber, Alan Hinkes (who has refused to re-climb the peak). Shishapangma is another problem peak because of its dual summits, which despite being close in height, are up to two hours climbing time apart and require the crossing of an exposed and dangerous snow ridge. When Hawley judged that Ed Viesturs had not reached the true summit of Shishapangma (which she deduced from his summit photos and interviews), he then re-climbed the mountain to definitively establish his ascent.

In a May 2021 interview with the New York Times, Jurgalski pointed out further issues with false summits on Annapurna I (a long ridge with multiple summits), Dhaulagiri (misleading false summit metal pole), and Manaslu (additional sharp and dangerous ridge to the true summit, like Shishapangma), noting that of the existing 44 accepted claims (as per the table earlier), at least 7 had serious question marks (these were in addition to the table of disputed ascents), and even noting that "It is possible that no one has ever been on the true summit of all 14 of the 8,000-meter peaks".

In July 2022, Jurgalski posted conclusions of the team's research (the wider team being of Rodolphe Popier and Tobias Pantel of The Himalayan Database, and Damien Gildea, Federico Bernardi, and Thaneswar Guragai). According to their analysis, only three climbers, Ed Viesturs, Veikka Gustafsson and Nirmal Purja have stood on the true summit of all 14 eight-thousanders, and no female climber had yet done so. Viesturs is also the first to have done so without the use of oxygen. Jurgalski allowed for the fact that they had deliberately not stood on the true summit of Kangchenjunga out of religious respect. The team has not formally published their work, and according to Popier, they had not decided about "the best respectful form to present it".

Proposed expansion

In 2012, to relieve capacity pressure and overcrowding on the world's highest mountain, greater restrictions were placed on expeditions to the summit of Mount Everest. To address the growing capacity constraints, Nepal lobbied the International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation (or UIAA) to reclassify five subsidiary summits (two on Lhotse and three on Kanchenjunga), as standalone eight-thousanders, while Pakistan lobbied for a sixth subsidiary summit (on Broad Peak) as a standalone eight-thousander. See table below for list of all subsidiary summits of eight-thousanders.

In 2012, the UIAA initiated the ARUGA Project, with an aim to see if these six new 8000. m-plus peaks could feasibly achieve international recognition. The proposed six new eight-thousander peaks have a topographic prominence above 60. m, but none would meet the wider UIAA prominence threshold of 600. m (the lowest prominence of the existing 14 eight-thousanders is Lhotse, at 610. m). Critics noted that of the six proposed, only Broad Peak Central, with a prominence of 181 m, would even meet the 150. m prominence threshold to be a British Isles Marilyn. The appeal noted the UIAA's 1994 reclassification of Alpine four-thousander peaks used a prominence threshold of 30. m, amongst other criteria; the logic being that if 30. m worked for 4,000. m summits, then 60. m is proportional for 8,000. m summits.

, there has been no conclusion by the UIAA and the proposals appear to have been set aside.

Gallery

File:Everest kalapatthar crop.jpg|No. 1 – Mount Everest File:K2 2006b.jpg|No. 2 – K2 File:Kangchenjunga.JPG|No. 3 – Kangchenjunga File:Lhotse-fromChukhungRi.jpg|No. 4 – Lhotse File:Makalu from Island Peak.jpg|No. 5 – Makalu File:ChoOyu-fromGokyo.jpg|No. 6 – Cho Oyu File:DhaulagiriMountain.jos.500pix.jpg|No. 7 – Dhaulagiri File:Manaslu, from base camp trip.jpg|No. 8 – Manaslu File:Nanga parbat, Pakistan by gul791.jpg|No. 9 – Nanga Parbat File:AnnapurnaSouthMountain.jos.500pix.jpg|No. 10 – Annapurna File:HiddenPeak.jpg|No. 11 – Gasherbrum I File:7 15 BroadPeak.jpg|No. 12 – Broad Peak File:Gasherbrum2.jpg|No. 13 – Gasherbrum II File:Shishapangma.jpg|No. 14 – Shishapangma

Notes

References

References

1. Yi Wyn Yen. (14 November 2004). "Finding China".
2. Zawada, Andrzej. (1984). "Mount Everest: The First Winter Ascent". The Alpine Journal.
3. Farmer, Ben. (16 January 2021). "Former Gurkha Nirmal Purja among Nepalese climbers to complete first winter ascent of deadly K2". [[The Daily Telegraph]].
4. (2008). "Fallen Giants: A History of Himalayan Mountaineering from the Age of Empire to the Age of Extremes". Yale University Press.
5. Hobley, Nicholas. (24 October 2019). "Remembering Jerzy Kukuczka, the legendary Polish mountaineer".
6. Rossi, Marcello. (13 December 2021). ""It's a Suffering Game": Simone Moro and the Fine Art of Climbing 8,000m Peaks in Winter".
7. [https://www.peakbagger.com/list.aspx?lid=201 PEAKBAGGER: World 7200-meter Peaks (Ranked Peaks have 500 meters of Clean Prominence)]
8. (10 December 2010). "Oh Eun-Sun report, final: Edurne Pasaban takes the throne". ExplorersWeb.
9. (23 August 2011). "Austrian woman claims Himalayas climbing record". BBC News.
10. (30 August 2011). "Austrian is first woman to scale 14 peaks without oxygen". AsiaOne.
11. (2017-05-11). "Italians become first couple to scale all eight-thousanders". ansa.it.
12. Stefanello, Vinicio. (11 May 2017). "Nives Meroi and Romano Benet summit Annapurna, their 14th 8000er".
13. (11 May 2017). "Alpinismo, il record di Meroi-Benet: è italiana la prima coppia su tutti gli Ottomila".
14. (23 May 2023). "Most climbs over 8,000 metres".
15. Sharma, Gopal. (21 July 2022). "Nepali Sherpa sets climbing record on Pakistan mountain".
16. (28 July 2022). "World record: Sanu Sherpa has climbed all 14 eight-thousanders twice".
17. Atwal, Sanj. (3 December 2021). "14 Peaks: All the records Nims Purja broke in new Netflix documentary".
18. (29 October 2019). "Nirmal Purja: Ex-soldier climbs 14 highest mountains in six months".
19. Freddie Wilkinson. "Nepal climber makes history speed climbing world's tallest peaks".
20. Eberhard Jurgalski. "General Info". 8000ers.com.
21. Clarke, Owen. (2025-04-02). "Has K2—the Savage Mountain—Been Tamed?".
22. (29 March 2013). "DAILY CHART: Stairway to heaven, how deadly are the world's highest mountains?". [[The Economist]].
23. (2011). "The Himalaya by the Numbers: A Statistical Analysis of Mountaineering in the Nepal Himalaya".
24. (24 April 2014). "Himalayan Death Tolls". [[The Washington Post]].
25. Eberhard Jurgalski. "Fatalities tables". 8000ers.com.
26. Armstrong, Martin. (10 December 2021). "Deadly Peaks".
27. (2019). "Deadliest mountain to climb".
28. [https://www.peakbagger.com/list.aspx?lid=200 PeakBagger: World 8000–metre Peaks]
29. "Mount Everest is two feet taller, China and Nepal announce". [[National Geographic]].
30. (26 July 2014). "K2 lies in Pakistan, near the northern border with China". BBC News.
31. (16 January 2021). "All-Nepali winter first on K2". Nepali Times.
32. Naresh Koirala. (16 January 2022). "A matter of pride". The Kathmandu Times.
33. Tom Robbins. (1 January 2022). "Life lessons from mountaineer Nirmal Purja, of Netflix's 14 Peaks fame". CNA Luxury.
34. Harding, Luke. (13 July 2000). "Climbers banned from sacred peak".
35. Branch, John. (21 May 2021). "What is a summit: Only 44 people have reached the summit of all 14 of the world's 8,000-meter peaks, according to the people who chronicle such things.". [[New York Times]].
36. (2018). "The Himalayan Database, The Expedition Archives of Elizabeth Hawley". [[The Himalayan Database]].
37. (2018). "High Altitude Mountaineering statistics". AdventureStats.com.
38. (2018). "Climbers who have ascended to the summits of all of the world's 14 mountains over 8000 metres". 8000ers.com (Eberhard Jurgalski).
39. Eberhard Jurgalski. (26 May 2012). "Climbers – First 14". 8000ers.com.
40. Carlos Carsolio required emergency oxygen on his descent from Makalu in 1988.
41. "Ralf Dujmovits". Ralf-dujmovits.de.
42. "GI summits - Veikka Gustafsson completes the 14x8000ers list!". Explorersweb.com.
43. "Best of ExplorersWeb 2009 Awards: the 14x8000ers". Explorersweb.com.
44. "Summit 8000 – Andrew Lock's quest to climb all fourteen of the highest mountains in the world". Andrew-lock.com.
45. (2 October 2009). "Australia's Most Accomplished Mountaineer". Andrew Lock.
46. "Piotr Pustelnik summits Annapurna – bags the 14x8000ers!". Explorersweb.com.
47. "Shisha Pangma: Edurne Pasaban summits – completes the 14x800ers". Explorersweb.com.
48. "Abele Blanc summits Annapurna and all 8000ers". Planetmountain.com.
49. "Climbers - First 14, updated table on 8000ers.com". 8000ers.com.
50. (18 May 2005). "Everest – Mount Everest by climbers, news". Mounteverest.net.
51. "Mario Panzeri: sono in cima! E finalmente sono 14 ottomila". Montagna.tv.
52. (26 May 2012). "日本人初の快挙、8000m峰14座登頂 竹内洋岳". Nikkei.com.
53. (13 August 2014). "Climbers – First 14". 8000ers.com.
54. Nives Meroi and Romano Benet climbed all the Eight-thousanders together, it wasn't revealed if one of them climbed the last peak a few moments before the other, thus they share the same position
55. "Nives Meroi and Romano Benet summit Annapurna, their 14th 8000er". PlanetMountain.com.
56. "Nives Meroi in Roman Benet preplezala 14 osemtisočakov". Sta.si.
57. "Slovenec s 15. osemtisočaka". Delo.si.
58. (16 May 2017). "Pokoril všetky osemtisícovky". skrsi.rtvs.sk.
59. (15 May 2017). "È vetta per Peter Hamor. Con il Dhaulagiri sono 14 anche per lui". www.montagna.tv.
60. Tom Nicholson. (4 June 1998). "HZDS flag flies from Everest summit". spectator.sme.sk.
61. (19 May 2017). "قیچی‌ساز حماسه ساز شد/کوهنورد تبریزی به هشت هزاری‌ها پیوست". yjc.
62. (27 May 2017). "Ferran Latorre completa los catorce ochomiles en el Everest". desnivel.com.
63. (27 July 2017). "Cadiach, camino del campo 3 tras coronar el Broad Peak". La Vanguardia.
64. (27 July 2018). "김미곤 히말라야 14봉 등정 보고회 열려". Mountain Journal.
65. (12 July 2018). "South Korean Climbs Nanga Parbat, Completes 8,000ers". Gripped.
66. (3 October 2019). "Sanu Sherpa becomes third Nepali to complete 14 peaks as Sergi Mingote scales 7 mountains in 444 days". The Himalayan Times.
67. Dream Wanderlust. (May 24, 2019). "Nirmal Purja summits 5th eight-thousander in 12 days, ends 1st phase of 'Project Possible'". Dreamwanderlust.com.com.
68. (29 October 2019). "Reflections While Waiting for News from Shishapangma". Explorersweb.com.
69. (29 October 2019). "Nepalese Climber Summits World's 14 Highest Peaks in 6 Months, Smashing Record".
70. Munir Ahmed. (20 July 2021). "South Korean missing after fall while scaling Pakistani peak". Times Union.
71. (20 July 2021). "Fingerless Korean goes missing after achieving the feat of climbing all 14 Himalayan peaks". The Korea Times.
72. Stefan Nestler. (10 July 2019). "Kim Hong-bin: Without fingers on 13 eight-thousanders". Adventure Mountain.
73. (11 August 2022). "Nima Gyalzen Sherpa becomes the 6th Nepali in the 14 Peaks club". everestchronicle.com.
74. (11 August 2022). "Nima Gyalzen completes 14 peaks as Grace Tseng, Kristin Harila scale G-I". thehimalayantimes.com.
75. Benavides, Angela. (2023-04-26). "Dong Hong Juan Climbs Shishapangma; May Be the First Woman to Summit all 14 8,000'ers » Explorersweb".
76. (2023-05-01). "China's Dong becomes first woman to conquer all 14 peaks above-8,000m".
77. (26 April 2023). "Kristin Harila scales Mount Shishapangma". everestchronicle.com.
78. (2023-05-03). "Kristin Harila completes 14 peaks as she scales Cho Oyu".
79. (26 June 2023). "Sophie Lavaud, first French mountaineer to climb all the peaks over 8,000 m on the planet – Liberation". Time News.
80. (26 June 2023). "Sophie Lavaud becomes first French person to climb world's highest peaks". RFI.
81. Benavides, Angela. (2023-06-26). "Nanga Parbat Summits » Explorersweb".
82. (2023-06-26). "A 17-year-old Nepali teenager scales the 'Killer Mountain'".
83. Arnette, Alan. (2023-07-27). "K2 2023 Coverage: Kristin Harila gets K2 for her Last 8000er".
84. (2023-07-27). "Kristin Harila, Tenjen Sherpa world's fastest to climb 14 peaks in 92 days".
85. "Seven Summit Treks Tenjen Sherpa (Lama)".
86. Gopal Sharma. (2023-07-27). "Norwegian woman, Nepali sherpa become world's fastest to climb all 14 tallest peaks".
87. (6 October 2023). "Gelje Sherpa joins the 14 peak club with summit on Cho Oyu; Nima Rinji sets youngest climber record". everestchronicle.com.
88. (6 October 2023). "Nepali and Pakistani Climbers Make History on Cho Oyu". whatthenepal.com.
89. Dream Wanderlust. (30 March 2021). "After K2 in Winter, Gelje Sherpa (28) aims to become the youngest to climb all 14 8Ks". DreamWanderlust.com.
90. Stern, Jake. (22 September 2023). "This Climber Just Became the Second American to climb Every 8,000 Meter Peak".
91. (2024-07-30). "Camandona completa la collezione degli ottomila, "quasi un gioco" - Notizie - Ansa.it".
92. Annapurna, Kris. (2024-07-30). "More Summits on K2, Broad Peak, Gasherbrum II".
93. (7 October 2024). "写真家・石川直樹さん、ヒマラヤ8000ｍ峰全14座を制覇…最後のシシャパンマに登頂". [[Yomiuri Shimbun]].
94. Benavides, Angela. (2024-10-07). "Tracee Metcalfe Becomes First U.S. Woman to Climb the World's Highest Peaks » Explorersweb".
95. "Sirbaz Khan becomes first Pakistani to conquer 14 world's highest peaks".
96. (2024-10-03). "Sirbaz to become first Pakistani to summit 14 eight-thousanders".
97. (3 October 2024). "Sirbaz Khan to Become First Pakistani Mountaineer to Summit All 14 Eight-Thousanders".
98. (2024-10-04). "Imagine Nepal: 11 climbers reach the true summit, where five of them complete all 14 highest peaks, and Mingma G sets an oxygen-free record.". imagine-nepal.com.
99. (2024-10-09). "Seven Summit Treks announces 100% summit success on Shisha Pangma". thehimalayantimes.com.
100. "Face the Mountains, Face Yourself: Watanabe Naoko / Mountaineer, Nurse". [[NHK]].
101. "日本人女性初「8000m峰」全14座を制覇 登山家・渡邊直子さん（43）衝撃の苦労話も". Yahoo Japan News.
102. (2023-05-30). "Reuşită în Himalaya. Adrian Laza, alt optmiar cucerit. "Este un alt fel de om. Nu face parte din această lume" FOTO".
103. https://www.nimsdai.com/post/breaking-kathmandu-celebration-for-nimsdai-team-and-fellow-record-breaking-
104. (2023-09-22). "Tenjen, Ming Temba, And Pasang Nurbu Sherpa Completed Ascent Of Mt Manaslu".
105. (2024-10-09). "Nima Rinji Sherpa becomes youngest to summit 14 highest peaks".
106. (2024-10-09). "Shehroze Kashif sets record as youngest Pakistani to summit top 14 peaks".
107. (9 October 2024). "Shehroze Kashif becomes youngest Pakistani to summit world's 8,000m peaks".
108. (2024-10-09). "Shehroze Kashif Becomes Youngest Pakistani To Summit All 8,000M Mountains".
109. Maciej Skorupa. (2024-10-09). "Pierwsza Polka z Koroną Himalajów i Karakorum! To się naprawdę stało, brawo!". przegladsportowy.onet.pl.
110. (2024-10-09). "Shisha Pangma: Dorota Rasińska-Samoćko wchodzi na szczyt i zdobywa Koronę Himalajów i Karakorum". wspinanie.pl.
111. (2024-10-09). "Nima Rinji becomes world's youngest to scale all 14 peaks".
112. Benavides, Angela. (2024-09-28). "No Oxygen Claims Create Uncertainty on Shisha Pangma » Explorersweb".
113. "Youngest person to climb the higher 8,000ers (male)".
114. (2024-10-09). "More than a dozen newcomers to the list of climbers with all 14 eight-thousanders".
115. "Nimsdai - BREAKING: Kathmandu celebration for Nimsdai team and fellow record-breaking Nepalis".
116. (2024-10-09). "Adriana Brownlee becomes youngest female climber to complete 14 peaks".
117. https://www.si.com/onsi/adventure/mountaineering-feed-page/british-army-veterans-make-mountaineering-history-with-summit-of-shishapangma-
118. https://www.si.com/onsi/adventure/mountaineering-feed-page/celebrations-held-in-kathmandu-recognizing-nepalis-mountaineers-accomplishments
119. https://www.si.com/onsi/adventure/mountaineering-feed-page/celebrations-held-in-kathmandu-recognizing-nepalis-mountaineers-accomplishments-
120. Sherifi, Elife. (2019-07-23). "Uta Ibrahimi 'pushton' vargmalet e Pakistanit, vajza e parë në histori nga Ballkani".
121. (2017-05-22). "Uta Ibrahimi, the first Kosovar to conquer the Himalayas".
122. "From Macedonia to the Summits: Dr. Kedev Joins Mountaineering's Elite Club".
123. (29 August 2010). "Elizabeth Hawley, unrivalled Himalayan record keeper". BBC News.
124. (26 January 2018). "Elizabeth Hawley, Who Chronicled Everest Treks, Dies at 94". [[The New York Times]].
125. Elizabeth Hawley. (2014). "Seasonal Stories for the Nepalese Himalaya 1985–2014". [[The Himalayan Database]].
126. Elizabeth Hawley. (2014). "Seasonal Stories for the Nepalese Himalaya 1985–2014". [[The Himalayan Database]].
127. "Vladislav Terz".
128. "AdventureStats – by Explorersweb".
129. "Sad results on Makalu and Unanswered Questions: 1 missing climber and 1 passed away on Makalu". Everestnews2004.com.
130. (26 April 2010). "Everest K2 News ExplorersWeb – More dark clouds mounting on Anna summit push; Miss Oh's Kanchen summit "disputed" after renewed accusations". Explorersweb.com.
131. (27 August 2010). "New doubts over Korean Oh Eun-Sun's climbing record, Hawley to investigate". BBC News.
132. (2014). "Seasonal Stories for the Nepalese Himalaya 1985–2014". [[Elizabeth Hawley]].
133. "Desnivel; Carlos Pauner consigue la cima del Everest". Desnivel.com.
134. (18 February 2016). "Carlos Pauner is not sure if they hit the top of the Shisha Pangma (8,027)". lainformacion.com.
135. (29 September 2018). "CCTV; 罗静等23名中国登山者登顶希夏邦马峰". CCTV.
136. (29 September 2018). "The Himalayan Times; Four Chinese climbers complete all 14 peaks above 8,000m this autumn". The Himalayan Times.
137. (4 October 2018). "Luo Jing no alcanzó la cima principal del Shisha Pangma". Desnivel.com.
138. (September 2017). "Cho Oyu summit: Where is it exactly". Explorersweb.com.
139. (12 November 2014). "When is a summit not a summit?". Mark Horrell.
140. (5 October 2012). "Keeper of the Mountains: The Elizabeth Hawley Story". Rocky Mountain Books.
141. Dewan Rai. (19 September 2022). "The Debate Over Manaslu's Summit Is Over. Now, Hundreds of Climbers Want to Reach It.". outsideonline.com.
142. Franz, Derek. (20 July 2022). "Researchers challenge historical records for 8000-meter peaks".
143. Richard Gray. (23 August 2013). "The new peaks opened as alternatives to Mount Everest". [[The Daily Telegraph]].
144. Navin Singh Khadka. (18 October 2013). "Nepal mountain peak expansion bid stalls". BBC News.
145. (4 June 2014). "A funny name for a mountain". Mark Horrell.
146. (23 October 2013). "Do we really need more 8000m peaks". Mark Horrell.
147. (March 1994). "UIAA Mountain Classification: 4,000ERS OF THE ALPS". [[UIAA]].
148. Eberhard Jurgalski. "Subsidiary Peaks". 8000ers.com.
149. Eberhard Jurgalski. "Dominance". 8000ers.com.
150. "Fast Facts About Nanga Parbat". climbing.about.com.