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Dysglycemia

Abnormality in blood glucose levels

Abnormality in blood glucose levels

Dysglycemia is a general definition for any abnormalities in blood glucose levels. They include hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance test, impaired fasting glucose, among others. TOC

Hyperglycemia

If blood sugar levels remain too high the body suppresses appetite over the short term. Long-term hyperglycemia causes many health problems including heart disease, cancer, eye, kidney, and nerve damage.

Blood sugar levels above 300 mg/dL can cause fatal reactions. Ketones will be very high (a magnitude higher than when eating a very low carbohydrate diet) initiating ketoacidosis. The Mayo Clinic recommends emergency room treatment above 300 mg/dL blood glucose.

The most common cause of hyperglycemia is diabetes. When diabetes is the cause, physicians typically recommend an anti-diabetic medication as treatment. From the perspective of the majority of patients, treatment with an old, well-understood diabetes drug such as metformin will be the safest, most effective, least expensive, most comfortable route to managing the condition. Diet changes and exercise implementation may also be part of a treatment plan for diabetes.

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a fall in blood sugar to levels below normal.

The most common cause of hypoglycemia is medications used to treat diabetes mellitus such as insulin and sulfonylureas. Risk is greater in diabetics who have eaten less than usual, exercised more than usual or have drunk alcohol.

References

References

  1. (July 2012). "Basal insulin and cardiovascular and other outcomes in dysglycemia". The New England Journal of Medicine.
  2. (March 2006). "Outpatient gatifloxacin therapy and dysglycemia in older adults". The New England Journal of Medicine.
  3. (July 2012). "n-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with dysglycemia". The New England Journal of Medicine.
  4. (May 2010). "Sarcopenia exacerbates obesity-associated insulin resistance and dysglycemia: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III". PLOS ONE.
  5. "Excess sugar linked to cancer". Science Daily.
  6. "Diabetic ketoacidosis - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic.
  7. "The Oral Diabetes Drugs: Treating Type 2 Diabetes". Best Buy Drugs.
  8. (October 2008). "Hypoglycemia".
  9. (February 2015). "Causative anti-diabetic drugs and the underlying clinical factors for hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes". World Journal of Diabetes.
  10. (2007). "The internal medicine casebook real patients, real answers". Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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