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Dirofilaria

Genus of worms

Genus of worms

  • Dirofilaria immitis
  • Dirofilaria repens
  • Dirofilaria ursi

Dirofilaria is a filarial (arthropod-borne) nematode (roundworm), in the family Onchocercidae. Some species cause dirofilariasis, a state of parasitic infection, in humans and other animals.

There are about 27 species in the genus. These are generally divided into two subgenera, Dirofilaria and Nochtiella.

Some species are well-known parasites, including Dirofilaria immitis, the dog heartworm, Dirofilaria repens, which affects many types of nonhuman mammals, and Dirofilaria tenuis, which usually parasitizes raccoons, but can infect humans, as well.

Human dirofilariasis is generally caused by D. immitis and D. repens. The former can cause pulmonary dirofilariasis, which may have no symptoms. Another form of the infection can be characterized by a painful lump under the skin or infection of the eye. The nematodes are spread by mosquitoes.

Etymology

From Latin dīrus 'fearful; ominous' + fīlum 'thread', Dirofilaria is a genus of nematodes of the superfamily Filarioidea. The first known description of Dirofilaria may have been by Italian nobleman Francesco Birago in 1626 in his Treatise on Hunting: “The dog generates two worms, which are half an arm’s length long and thicker than a finger and red like fire.” Birago erroneously identified the worms as a larval stage of another parasite, Dioctophyme renale. The dog heartworm was named Filaria by American parasitologist Joseph Leidy in 1856, and the genus was renamed Dirofilaria by French parasitologists Railliet and Henry in 1911.

Taxonomy

Species in the genus include:

  • Dirofilaria acutiuscula
  • Dirofilaria aethiops
  • Dirofilaria ailure
  • Dirofilaria asymmetrica
  • Dirofilaria cancrivori
  • Dirofilaria conjunctivae
  • Dirofilaria corynodes
  • Dirofilaria desportesi
  • Dirofilaria fausti
  • Dirofilaria freitasi
  • Dirofilaria genettae
  • Dirofilaria hystrix
  • Dirofilaria immitis – dog heartworm
  • Dirofilaria indica
  • Dirofilaria louisianensis
  • Dirofilaria macacae
  • Dirofilaria macrodemos
  • Dirofilaria magalhaesi
  • Dirofilaria magnilarvata
  • Dirofilaria pongoi
  • Dirofilaria reconditum
  • Dirofilaria repens
  • Dirofilaria roemeri
  • Dirofilaria tawila
  • Dirofilaria tenuis
  • Dirofilaria timidi
  • Dirofilaria uniformis
  • Dirofilaria ursi

References

This article uses public domain text from the CDC as cited

References

  1. "''Dirofilaria''". National Center for Biotechnology Information.
  2. Michalski, M. L., et al. (2010). [Identification and phylogenetic analysis of ''Dirofilaria ursi'' (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from Wisconsin black bears (''Ursus americanus'') and its ''Wolbachia'' endosymbiont.] ''Journal of Parasitology'', 96(2), 412-419.
  3. Canestri, T. G., S. Pampiglione, & F. Rivasi. (1997). [http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/9802094 The species of the genus Dirofilaria, Railliet & Henry, 1911.] ''Parassitologia'' 39(4), 369-374.
  4. Marty, A. M. [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1109642-overview Dermatologic Manifestations of Filariasis.] Medscape.
  5. Klochko, A. [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/236698-overview Dirofilariasis.] Drugs & Diseases. Medscape.
  6. Marty, A. & Neafie, R. "Dirofilariasis", Chapter 16. ''In'': Meyers, W. M., et al. (Eds.) ''Pathology of Infectious Diseases, Volume 1: Helminthiases''. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, American Registry of Pathology., New Ed, 2000, {{ISBN. 1-881041-65-4.
  7. [http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/20/2/et-2002_article Etymologia: ''Dirofilaria''.] ''Emerging Infectious Diseases'' (CDC). February, 2014: Volume 20, Number 2.
  8. [https://www.gbif.org/species/108182494 ''Dirofilaria''.] {{Webarchive. link. (2019-06-17 Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF))
  9. "IRMNG - Dirofilaria Railliet & Henry, 1911".
  10. (1975). "Further studies of dirofilaria roemeri (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in naturally and experimentally infected macropodidae". International Journal for Parasitology.
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spirurida nematodes parasitic-nematodes rhabditida-genera
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