Director of National Intelligence

History

Founding

Before the DNI was formally established, the head of the United States Intelligence Community was the director of central intelligence (DCI), who concurrently served as the director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

The 9/11 Commission recommended establishing the DNI position in its 9/11 Commission Report, not released until July 22, 2004, as it had identified major intelligence failures that called into question how well the intelligence community was able to protect U.S. interests against foreign terrorist attacks.

Senators Dianne Feinstein, Jay Rockefeller and Bob Graham introduced S. 2645 on June 19, 2002, to create the position of Director of National Intelligence. Other similar legislation soon followed. After considerable debate on the scope of the DNI's powers and authorities, the United States Congress passed the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 by votes of 336–75 in the House of Representatives, and 89–2 in the Senate. President George Bush signed the bill into law on December 17, 2004. Among other things, the law established the DNI position as the designated leader of the United States Intelligence Community and prohibited the DNI from serving as the CIA director or the head of any other intelligence community element at the same time. In addition, the law required the CIA Director to report their agency's activities to the DNI.

Critics say compromises during the bill's crafting led to the establishment of a DNI whose powers are too weak to adequately lead, manage and improve the performance of the intelligence community. In particular, the law left the United States Department of Defense in charge of the National Security Agency (NSA), the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA).

Under , "under ordinary circumstances, it is desirable" that either the director or the principal deputy director of national intelligence be an active-duty commissioned officer in the armed forces or have training or experience in military intelligence activities and requirements. Only one of the two positions can be held by a military officer at any given time. The statute does not specify what rank the commissioned officer will hold during their tenure in either position.

Appointments

The first director of national intelligence was former U.S. ambassador to Iraq John Negroponte who was appointed on February 17, 2005, by President George W. Bush, subject to confirmation by the U.S. Senate. It was reported that President Bush's first choice for DNI was former director of central intelligence Robert M. Gates, who was serving as president of Texas A&M University, but who declined the offer. Negroponte was confirmed by a Senate vote of 98–2 on April 21, 2005, and he was sworn in by President Bush the same day.

On February 13, 2007, Mike McConnell became the second director of national intelligence, after Negroponte was appointed Deputy Secretary of State. Donald M. Kerr was confirmed by the U.S. Senate to be Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence on October 4, 2007, and sworn in on October 9, 2007. Kerr, from Virginia, was previously the director of the National Reconnaissance Office and the deputy director for science and technology at the CIA before that. Earlier in his career, he was an assistant director at the FBI, in charge of their Laboratory Division from 1997 to 2001.

On January 29, 2009, retired Navy admiral Dennis C. Blair became the third DNI on after being nominated by newly inaugurated President Barack Obama. President Obama dismissed Blair whose resignation became effective May 28, 2010.

On July 20, 2010, President Barack Obama nominated retired Air Force lieutenant general James Clapper as the fourth DNI. Clapper was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on August 5, and replaced acting director David C. Gompert.

The fifth DNI, Dan Coats, the sixth DNI, John Ratcliffe, and acting DNIs Joseph Maguire, Richard Grenell and Lora Shiao, all served between March 16, 2017, and January 21, 2021, during the first administration of President Donald Trump.

The seventh DNI is Avril Haines, who took office on January 21, 2021. The first woman to hold the office, she was nominated by President-elect Joe Biden on November 23, 2020 and confirmed by the Senate on January 20, 2021. She resigned January 20, 2025 at the conclusion of Joe Biden's term in office.

On November 13, 2024, President-elect Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Army Reserve lieutenant colonel Tulsi Gabbard as the director of national intelligence upon returning to the presidency in January 2025. Gabbard was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on February 12, 2025, replacing acting director Lora Shiao. With this appointment, she became the first female military combat veteran to serve as DNI and first Pacific Islander American and first Hindu American in this position as well as to hold a Cabinet-level position.

Website issues

Declan McCullagh at News.com wrote on August 24, 2007, that the DNI site was configured to repel all search engines to index any page at DNI.gov. This effectively made the DNI website invisible to all search engines and in turn, any search queries. Ross Feinstein, Spokesman for the DNI, said that the cloaking was removed as of September 3, 2007. "We're not even sure how (the robots.txt file) got there"but it was again somehow hidden the next day. On September 7, McCullagh reported that the DNI appeared to be open to web searches again.

Reform initiatives

In September 2007, the Office of the DNI released "Intelligence Community 100 Day & 500 Day Plans for Integration & Collaboration". These plans include a series of initiatives designed to build the foundation for increased cooperation and reform of the U.S. Intelligence Community.

ODNI

Office of the Director of National Intelligence

The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 established the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) as an independent agency to assist the DNI. The ODNI's goal is to effectively integrate foreign, military and domestic intelligence in defense of the homeland and of United States interests abroad. The ODNI has about 1,750 employees. Its headquarters are in McLean, Virginia.

On March 23, 2007, DNI Mike McConnell announced organizational changes, which included:

• Elevating Acquisition to a new Deputy DNI position
• Creating a new Deputy DNI for Policy, Plans, and Requirements (replacing the Deputy DNI for Requirements position)
• Establishing an Executive Committee
• Designating the Chief of Staff position as the new Director of the Intelligence Staff

The ODNI continued to evolve under succeeding directors, culminating in an organization focused on intelligence integration across the community.

Organization

The ODNI leadership includes the director, principal deputy director and chief operating officer. In addition, the Director of Defense Intelligence reports to the DNI.

There are two directorates, each led by a deputy director of National Intelligence:

• Mission Integration Directorate
  • National Intelligence Council
  • President's Daily Brief
• Policy & Capabilities Directorate
  • Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity

There are five mission centers, each led by a director of that center:

• National Counterproliferation and Biosecurity Center
• National Counterterrorism Center
• National Counterintelligence and Security Center
• Foreign Malign Influence Center
• Cyber Threat Intelligence Integration Center

There are also four oversight offices:

• Office of Civil Liberties, Privacy and Transparency (CLPT), led by the Civil Liberties Protection Officer (CLPO)
• Office of Equal Employment Opportunity & Diversity
• Office of the Intelligence Community Inspector General
• Office of General Counsel

Organization seals

File:Seal of the National Counterproliferation and Biosecurity Center.png|NCBC File:Seal of the Foreign Malign Influence Center.png|FMIC File:Seal of the United States National Counterterrorism Center.svg|NCTC File:Seal of the National Counterintelligence and Security Center.svg|NCSC File:Seal of the Inspector General of the Intelligence Community.png|ICIG File:Cyber Threat Intelligence Integration Center Seal.png|CTIIC

United States Intelligence Community

Main article: United States Intelligence Community

Line of succession

The line of succession for the director of national intelligence is as follows:

1. Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence
2. Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Intelligence Integration
3. Director of the National Counterterrorism Center
4. Director of the National Counterintelligence and Security Center
5. Inspector General of the Intelligence Community

Lists of personnel

List of directors

Position succeeded the director of central intelligence.

List of principal deputy directors of national intelligence

:a.

List of chief operating officers

List of directors of the intelligence staff / chief management officer

List of inspectors general

:a.

List of deputy directors of national intelligence

Assistant directors of national intelligence

References

References

1. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A36532-2005Feb18.html "CIA to Cede President's Brief to Negroponte"], February 19, 2005, ''[[The Washington Post]]''
2. (July 30, 2008). "Executive Order 13470". National Archives and Records Administration.
3. Strohm, Chris. (August 1, 2008). "Bush Orders Intelligence Overhaul". CongressDaily.
4. Peterson, Beatrice. "Senate committee advances Tulsi Gabbard's nomination to be intel chief".
5. "Tulsi Gabbard confirmed as US director of national intelligence".
6. Kaplan, Fred. (7 December 2004). "You Call That a Reform Bill?". [[Slate (magazine).
7. (November 8, 2006). "Robert M. Gates profile". The Washington Post.
8. ODNI, [http://www.dni.gov/blair_bio.htm Biography] {{webarchive. link. (2009-02-02, January 30, 2009)
9. Miller, Greg. (May 21, 2010). "Dennis C. Blair to resign as Director of National Intelligence". [[The Washington Post]].
10. Jones, Dustin. (November 23, 2020). "Avril Haines Nominated As First Female Director Of National Intelligence". NPR.
11. Jones, Dustin. (January 20, 2021). "Senate confirms Avril Haines as director of National Intelligence". Fox news.
12. Nagari, Akhilesh. (November 14, 2024). "Who is Tulsi Gabbard, first US Hindu lawmaker named as Trump's spy chief?".
13. (November 13, 2024). "What to know about Tulsi Gabbard, Trump's pick to be director of national intelligence". [[Associated Press]].
14. McCullagh, Declan. (2007-08-24). "Feds use robots.txt files to stay invisible online. Lame.". CNET.
15. McCullagh, Declan. (2007-09-07). "National Intelligence Web site no longer invisible to search engines". CNET.
16. (September 13, 2007). "Director of National Intelligence Moves Forward with Intelligence Reform". DNI.gov.
17. "Public Affairs Office, ODNI". ODNI.
18. Clark, Charles. (September 2012). "Lifting the Lid". Government Executive.
19. "Leadership". Office of the Director of National Intelligence.
20. "Organization". Office of the Director of National Intelligence.
21. {{UnitedStatesCode. 50. 3029 as added by the [[Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004]].
22. (2013-09-25). "Designation of Officers of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence To Act as Director of National Intelligence". [[Federal Register]].
23. Collins, Carol. (August 4, 2021). "Stacey Dixon Confirmed as ODNI Principal Deputy Director; Avril Haines Quoted". Executive Gov.
24. (March 10, 2025). "Aaron Lukas, of Arkansas, to be Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence, vice Stacey A. Dixon.". [[United States Congress]].
25. (October 31, 2019). "Andrew Hallman Joins the Office of the Director of National Intelligence as Principal Executive".
26. Poulsen, Kevin. (February 12, 2018). "U.S. Intelligence Shuts Down Damning Report on Whistleblower Retaliation". The Daily Beast.
27. (April 3, 2020). "Trump to Fire Intelligence Watchdog Who Had Key Role in Ukraine Complaint". [[The New York Times]].
28. (April 4, 2020). "Trump Defends Firing 'Terrible' Intel Community Watchdog as Republicans Question Sacking". [[Politico]].
29. (May 24, 2021). "Fired Intel Community Inspector General Michael Atkinson Pushes Back On His Dismissal". [[National Public Radio]].
30. "Office of the DNI on Twitter".
31. (4 April 2020). "Trump Fires Intel IG, Taps White House Confidant for Pandemic Oversight Role".
32. "Deputy DNI for Mission Integration".
33. "Deputy DNI for Mission Integration".
34. "Deputy DNI, Enterprise Capacity".
35. (2019-04-23). "Karen Gibson Named Deputy Director of National Intelligence".
36. "Deputy DNI, Strategy & Engagement".
37. "Assistant DNI, Chief Human Capital Office".
38. "Chief Information Officer".
39. (April 20, 2020). "IC CIO Announces Departure". Office of the Director of National Intelligence.
40. "Leadership".
41. "Assistant DNI, Systems & Resource Analyses".
42. "NRO Honored at Intelligence Community Acquisition, Facilities, and Log".
43. "Assistant DNI, Policy & Strategy".