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Diosgenin

Diosgenin, a phytosteroid sapogenin, is the product of hydrolysis by acids, strong bases, or enzymes of saponins, extracted from the tubers of Dioscorea wild yam species, such as the Kokoro. It is also present in smaller amounts in a number of other species. The sugar-free (aglycone) product of such hydrolysis, diosgenin is used for the commercial synthesis of cortisone, pregnenolone, progesterone, and other steroid products.

Sources

It is present in detectable amounts in Costus speciosus, Smilax menispermoidea, Helicteres isora, species of Paris, Aletris, Trigonella, and Trillium, and in extractable amounts from many species of Dioscorea – D. althaeoides, D. colletti, D. composita, D. floribunda, D. futschauensis, D. gracillima, D. hispida, D. hypoglauca, D. mexicana, D. nipponica, D. panthaica, D. parviflora, D. septemloba, and D. zingiberensis.

Industrial uses

Diosgenin is a chemical precursor for several hormones, starting with the Marker degradation process, which includes synthesis of progesterone. The process was used in the early manufacturing of combined oral contraceptive pills. Diosgenin in dietary supplements is not a physiological precursor to estradiol or progesterone, and the use of such products as wild yam has no estrogenic hormonal activity in the human body.

References

References

  1. {{GRIN. ''Dioscorea composita''. 14190
  2. {{GRIN. ''Dioscorea mexicana''. 14226
  3. (December 2016). "2950 Diosgenin".
  4. (1940). "Sterols. CXII. Sapogenins. XLI. The Preparation of Trillin and its Conversion to Progesterone". J. Am. Chem. Soc..
  5. Djerassi C. (December 1992). "Steroid research at Syntex: "the pill" and cortisone". Steroids.
  6. Medigović I, Ristić N, Živanović J, Šošić-Jurjević B, Filipović B, Milošević V, Nestorović N [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24708211/ “Diosgenin does not express estrogenic activity: a uterotrophic assay”] Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014 Apr;92(4):292-8. doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0419. Epub 2014 Feb 5. PMID 24708211
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estrogens hormonal-contraception progestogens spiro-compounds steroids tetrahydrofurans tetrahydropyrans
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