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Diammonium phosphate

Diammonium phosphate

106.7 g/100 mL (70 °C) | NFPA-H = 2 | NFPA-F = 0 | NFPA-R = 1 Triammonium phosphate Dipotassium phosphate Ammonium sulfate Diammonium phosphate (DAP; IUPAC name diammonium hydrogen phosphate; chemical formula (NH4)2(HPO4)) is one of a series of water-soluble ammonium phosphate salts that can be produced when ammonia reacts with phosphoric acid.

Solid diammonium phosphate shows a dissociation pressure of ammonia as given by the following expression and equation:

:

At 100 °C, the dissociation pressure of diammonium phosphate is approximately 5 mmHg.

According to the diammonium phosphate MSDS from CF Industries, Inc., decomposition starts as low as 70 °C: "Hazardous Decomposition Products: Gradually loses ammonia when exposed to air at room temperature. Decomposes to ammonia and monoammonium phosphate at around 70 °C (158 °F). At 155 °C (311 °F), DAP emits phosphorus oxides, nitrogen oxides and ammonia."

Uses

DAP (Di-Ammonium Phosphate) in a 1 kg commercial package
DAP (Diammonium Phosphate) Granules

DAP is used as a fertilizer.{{cite web | access-date =21 July 2014 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150924035955/http://www.ipni.net/publication/nss.nsf/0/66D92CC07C016FA7852579AF00766CBD/$FILE/NSS-17%20Diammonium%20Phosphate.pdf | archive-date =24 September 2015 | url-status =live

DAP can be used as a fire retardant. It lowers the combustion temperature of the material, decreases maximum weight loss rates, and causes an increase in the production of residue or char. These are important effects in fighting wildfires as lowering the pyrolysis temperature and increasing the amount of char formed reduces that amount of available fuel and can lead to the formation of a firebreak.

DAP is also used as a yeast nutrient in winemaking and mead-making; as an additive in some brands of cigarettes purportedly as a nicotine enhancer; to prevent afterglow in matches, in purifying sugar; as a flux for soldering tin, copper, zinc and brass; and to control precipitation of alkali-soluble and acid-insoluble colloidal dyes on wool.

Natural occurrence

The compound occurs in the nature as the exceedingly rare mineral phosphammite. The related dihydrogen compound occurs as the mineral biphosphammite. Both are related to guano deposits.

References

References

  1. Pradyot Patnaik. ''Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals''. McGraw-Hill, 2002, {{ISBN. 0-07-049439-8
  2. John R Van Wazer. (1958). "Phosphorus And Its Compounds - Volume I: Chemistry". Interscience Publishers, Inc.
  3. (1990). "Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design (Chemical Processing and Design Encyclopedia)". Marcel Dekker, Inc.
  4. International Plant Nutrition Institute. "Nutrient Source Specifics: Diammonium Phosphate".
  5. (April 1971). "Effects of Ammonium Phosphate and Sulfate on the Pyrolysis and Combustion of Cellulose". USDA Forest Service.
  6. "Phosphammite".
  7. (21 March 2011). "List of Minerals".
  8. (3 April 2024). "DAP Fertilizer".
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ammonium-compounds phosphates inorganic-fertilizers
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