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D meson

Particle in physics

Field	Value
name	D meson
composition	{{plainlist
statistics	Bosonic
group	Mesons
interaction	Strong, weak, electromagnetic, gravitational
antiparticle	{{plainlist
discovered	SLAC (1976)
symbol	, , , , ,
mass	{{plainlist
* : {{val	1869.62	0.20	ul	MeV/c2}}
* ,: {{val	1864.84	0.17	u	MeV/c2}}
* : {{val	1968.47	0.33	ul	MeV/c2}}}}
mean_lifetime	{{plainlist
* : {{val	1.040	0.007	e	-12	u=s}}
* ,: {{val	4.101	0.015	e	-13	u=s}}
* : {{val	5.00	0.07	e	-13	u=s}}}}
electric_charge	{{plainlist
spin	0 ħ
strangeness	{{plainlist
charm	+1
isospin	{{plainlist
parity	−1

:
:
:
:
:
: }}
:
:
: }}
:
,:
: }}
:
,:
: }}
,: ±1 e
,: 0 e}}
,,: 0
: 1}}
,: +
,: −
: 0}}

The D mesons are the lightest particle that contain charm quarks. They are often studied to gain knowledge on the weak interaction. The strange D mesons (Ds) were called "F mesons" prior to 1986.

Overview

The D mesons were discovered in 1976 by the Mark I detector at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center.

Since the D mesons are the lightest mesons containing a single charm quark (or antiquark), they must change the charm (anti)quark into an (anti)quark of another type to decay. Such transitions involve a change of the internal charm quantum number, and can take place only via the weak interaction. In D mesons, the charm quark preferentially changes into a strange quark via an exchange of a W particle, therefore the D meson preferentially decays into kaons () and pions ().

List of D mesons

Particle
name	Particle symbol	Antiparticle symbol	Quark
content	Rest mass	I	P	S	C	B′	Mean lifetime	Commonly decays to (5% of decays)
first1=C.	last1=Amsler	display-authors=etal	collaboration=Particle Data Group	year=2008	title=	series=Particle listings	publisher=Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory	url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2008/listings/s031.pdf}}				0−	0	+1	0
first1=C.	last1=Amsler	display-authors=etal	collaboration=Particle Data Group	year=2008	title=	series=Particle listings	publisher=Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory	url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2008/listings/s032.pdf}}				0−	0	+1	0
first1=N.	last1=Nakamura	display-authors=etal	collaboration=Particle Data Group	year=2010	title=	series=Particle listings	publisher=Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory	url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-Ds-plus-minus.pdf}}			0	0−	+1	+1	0
first1=C.	last1=Amsler	display-authors=etal	collaboration=Particle Data Group	year=2008	title=	series=Decay modes	publisher=Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory	url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2008/listings/m062.pdf}}	(2010)	(2010)	1	2}}	1−	0	+1	0

first1=C.	last1=Amsler	display-authors=etal	collaboration=Particle Data Group	year=2008	title= (2007)	series=Decay modes	publisher=Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory	url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2008/listings/m061.pdf}}	(2007)	(2007)	1	2}}	1−	0	+1	0	{{val	3.1	Lifetime	‡}}

‡ PDG reports the resonance width (). Here the conversion \tau = {\hbar}/{\Gamma} is given instead.

CP violation

In 2019, an analysis by the LHCb experiment reported the first observation of CP violation in the decays of the neutral meson, with a significance of over five standard deviations. The results of a subsequent data analysis by the same collaboration was presented in 2022, which announced that they found evidence of direct CP violation in the decay of the meson into pions.

{{Subatomic particle|D}}–{{Subatomic particle|AntiD}} oscillations

In 2021 it was confirmed with a significance of more than seven standard deviations, that the neutral meson spontaneously transforms into its own antiparticle and back. This phenomenon is called flavor oscillation and was prior known to exist in the neutral K meson and B meson.

References

(2016). "D meson". [[Georgia State University]].
Wohl, C.G.. (1984). "Review of Particle Physics". [[Particle Data Group]].
Kudryavtsev, Vitaly A.. (September 2017). ["Charmed mesons"](http://www.kudryavtsev.staff.shef.ac.uk/phy466/charmed-mesons_files/charmed-mesons.ppt}}{{dead link). [[University of Sheffield]].
(2008). "Quark Model". [[Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory]].
(2008). "{{Subatomic particle". [[Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory]].
(2008). "{{Subatomic particle". [[Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory]].
(2008). "{{Subatomic particle". [[Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory]].
(2008). "{{Subatomic particle". [[Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory]].
(2010). "{{Subatomic particle". [[Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory]].
(2010). "{{Subatomic particle". [[Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory]].
(2008). "{{Subatomic particle". [[Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory]].
(2008). "{{Subatomic particle". [[Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory]].
(29 May 2019). "Observation of CP Violation in Charm Decays". Physical Review Letters.
(29 August 2023). "Measurement of the Time-Integrated CP Asymmetry in D0 -> KK Decays". Physical Review Letters.
(14 September 2021). "Observation of the mass difference between neutral charm-meson eigenstates". Physical Review Letters.

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