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Crimean Mountains
Mountain range along the southeastern coast of Crimea
Mountain range along the southeastern coast of Crimea
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| name | Crimean Mountains |
| photo | Сутінки на схилах Демерджі.jpg |
| native_name | |
| photo_size | 250 |
| photo_caption | Twilight on Demirci yayla |
| map_image | Южный Крым.png |
| highest | Roman-Kosh |
| location | Southern Crimea |
| elevation_m | 1545 |
| coordinates | |
| range_coordinates | |
| age | Cretaceous |
| volcanic_arc/belt =
The Crimean Mountains or the Yayla Mountains ( ) are a range of mountains running parallel to the south-eastern coast of Crimea, between about 8–13 km from the sea. Toward the west, the mountains drop steeply to the Black Sea, and to the east, they change slowly into a steppe landscape.
Subranges
The Crimean Mountains consist of three subranges. The highest is the Main Range, which is subdivided into several yaylas or mountain plateaus (yayla or yaylak is Turkic for "alpine meadow"). They are:
- Baydar yayla
- Ai-Petri yayla
- Yalta yayla
- Nikita yayla
- Gurzuf yayla
- Babugan yayla
- Chatyr-Dag yayla
- Dologorukovskaya (Subatkan) yayla
- Demirci yayla
- Qarabiy yayla
Highest peaks
Crimea's highest peak is the Roman-Kosh on the Babugan Yayla at 1545 m. Other important peaks over 1,200 metres include:
- Demir-Kapu (, , ) 1,540 m in the Babugan Yayla;
- Zeytin-Kosh (; , ) 1,537 m in the Babugan Yayla;
- Kemal-Egerek (, , ) 1,529 m in the Babugan Yayla;
- Eklizi-Burun (, , ) 1,527 m in the Chatyrdag Yayla;
- Lapata (; , ) 1,406 m in the Yaltynska Yayla, Yalta Yaylası;
- Northern Demirji (, , ) 1,356 m in the Demirci Yayla;
- Ai-Petri (, , ) 1,234 m in the Ay Petri Yaylası.
Passes and rivers
The passes over the Crimean Mountains are (from east to west):
- Angarskyi Pass (752m) near Perevalne, on a road from Alushta to Simferopol
- Okhotnyche (1185m) near Ai-Petri mountain peak, on the road from Yalta to Bakhchysarai
- Baydar Gate (503m) near Foros, connecting Baydar Valley and the sea coast
- Laspi Pass (350m) near Cape Aya, on a road from Yalta to Sevastopol.
Rivers of the Crimean Mountains include the Alma River, Chernaya River, and Salhir River on the northern slope and Uchan-su River on the southern slope which forms the Uchan-su waterfall, and the highest waterfall in Crimea.
History
Archaeologists have found the earliest anatomically modern humans in Europe in the Crimean Mountains' Buran-Kaya caves. The fossils are 32,000 years old, with the artifacts linked to the Gravettian culture. The fossils have cut marks suggesting a post-mortem defleshing ritual.
Gallery
Image:Karabi_mountain_plateau.jpg|Qarabiy yayla Image:Karabi_mountain_plateau2.jpg|Qarabiy yayla Image:Karabi_mountain_plateau3.jpg|Qarabiy yayla Image:Chatyr_dag_plateau2.jpg|Mountain plateau of Chatyr-Dag mountain Image:Crimean mountains.jpg|The Crimean Mountains
Notes
References
References
- (17 June 2011). "The Oldest Anatomically Modern Humans from Far Southeast Europe: Direct Dating, Culture and Behavior". plosone.
- Carpenter, Jennifer. (20 June 2011). "Early human fossils unearthed in Ukraine". [[BBC]].
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