Surf Wiki
Save to docs
general/2010-concert-tours

From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

Come Around Sundown World Tour

2010–11 concert tour by Kings of Leon

2010–11 concert tour by Kings of Leon

FieldValue
concert_tour_nameCome Around Sundown World Tour
imageKol_caswtozad.png
landscapeyes
image_captionPromotional ad for tour
artistKings of Leon
albumCome Around Sundown
start_date
end_date
number_of_legs13
number_of_shows47 in North America
32 in Europe
1 in South America
2 in Africa
9 in Australia
92 Total
URL
last_tourOnly by the Night World Tour
(2008–10)
this_tourCome Around Sundown World Tour
(2010–11)
next_tourMechanical Bull Tour
(2014)

32 in Europe 1 in South America 2 in Africa 9 in Australia 92 Total (2008–10) (2010–11) (2014)

The Come Around Sundown World Tour was the second concert tour by American rock band Kings of Leon. Visiting the Americas, Europe, Africa and Australia, the tour supported the band's fifth studio album, Come Around Sundown (2010). The tour has been praised by both critics and spectators alike, with many dates selling out within minutes. The concerts held in North America (in 2010) grossed over 14 million dollars, becoming the 49th highest-grossing North American tour. The tour ranked 40th in Pollstar's "Top 50 Worldwide Tour (Mid-Year)", earning roughly 20 million dollars in 2011.

Background

After finishing their previous tour, the band began working on their fifth studio album. In a 2009 interview with Billboard, frontman Caleb Followill stated the album would have a similar sound to their debut album, with a chill vibe. After the announcement of the album, the band later announced they would be a headlining act at the 2010 Bonnaroo Music Festival. The tour was officially announced via the band's official website in April 2010. The album was not due for release until October 2010 and the band was hesitant to showcase the new music to the public. However, they all felt that their fans did not want a continuation of their last tour. They further elaborated, "I think if we were to go out there, play a concert right now and not play some new music, it would feel like we had our hands tied and I think we would be bored with the show. We didn't want to go back out there and give them 'Only By the Night Tour' Part 2. It's inspiring to us to be able to go out there and play a new song. ... If we were going out there and not playing these songs, I don't think that we would have the spark and the smile on our face that we do at this point."

The tour proved to be successful in all regions, especially in Europe where the band sold-out concerts within minutes and embarked on their first stadium tour in the region. However, the tour faced a few hiccups along the way. The tour made media headlines in July 2010 when the band cancelled a concert at the Verizon Wireless Amphitheater in Maryland Heights, Missouri after experiencing substantial amounts of fecal matter from pigeons. Additional headlines were when the band's tour bus caught on fire at the loading dock for The O2 Arena in London, England. The Australian leg of the tour has been postponed until November 2011 to allow drummer Nathan Followill to recover after surgery for a torn right labrum and biceps.

Opening acts

  • The Whigs (North America—Leg 2 & June 2010) (Europe—Leg 1, select dates)
  • The Black Keys (North America—Leg 2)
  • The Drums (London—June 2010)
  • The Features (London—June 2010) (North America—Leg 1, select dates)
  • Built to Spill (North America—Leg 1)
  • The Stills (North America—Leg 1, select dates)
  • Manchester Orchestra (New York City—November 2010)
  • Band of Horses (North America—April 2011, Australia)
  • Paul Weller (Hyde Park—June 2011)
  • Zac Brown Band (Europe—Leg 2, select dates)
  • Thin Lizzy (Slane Castle)
  • Elbow (Slane Castle)
  • White Lies (Europe—Leg 2, select dates)
  • Mona (Europe—Leg 2, select dates)
  • The Whigs (Slane Castle & The O2 Arena, London)
  • The Walkmen (Europe—Leg 2, select dates)

Setlist

  1. "Radioactive"
  2. "Crawl"
  3. "My Party"
  4. "Taper Jean Girl"
  5. "Wasted Time
  6. "Fans"
  7. "Milk"
  8. "Mary"
  9. "Four Kicks"
  10. "The Bucket"
  11. "Molly's Chambers"
  12. "The Immortals"
  13. "Sex on Fire"
  14. "Notion"
  15. "On Call"
  16. "Back Down South"
  17. "Slow Night, So Long" ;Encore
  18. "Knocked Up"
  19. "Manhattan"
  20. "Use Somebody"
  21. "Closer"

;Leg 1

  1. "Crawl"
  2. "Slow Night, So Long"
  3. "My Party"
  4. "Molly's Chambers"
  5. "Mary"
  6. "Fans"
  7. "Milk"
  8. "Closer"
  9. "Four Kicks"
  10. "Charmer"
  11. "The Bucket"
  12. "Radioactive"
  13. "Notion"
  14. "Sex on Fire"
  15. "On Call"
  16. "Back Down South"
  17. "Trani"

;Encore

  1. "Knocked Up"
  2. "Use Somebody"
  3. "Black Thumbnail"

;Leg 2

  1. "Crawl"
  2. "Molly's Chambers"
  3. "My Party"
  4. "Mary"
  5. "Fans"
  6. "Revelry"
  7. "Closer"
  8. "Pyro"
  9. "Four Kicks"
  10. "The Bucket"
  11. "Notion"
  12. "Radioactive"
  13. "Sex on Fire"
  14. "On Call"
  15. "Back Down South"
  16. "Trani"

;Encore

  1. "Knocked Up"

  2. "Manhattan"

  3. "Use Somebody"

  4. "Black Thumbnail" Source:

  5. "Closer"

  6. "Crawl"

  7. "Razz"

  8. "Molly's Chambers"

  9. "King of the Rodeo"

  10. "Joe's Head"

  11. "Fans"

  12. "Revelry"

  13. "Milk"

  14. "Four Kicks"

  15. "Pistol of Fire"

  16. "Wasted Time"

  17. "Sex on Fire"

  18. "The Bucket"

  19. "Notion"

  20. "Use Somebody"

  21. "On Call"

  22. "Cold Desert"

  23. "Trani"

;Encore

  1. "Knocked Up"
  2. "Charmer"
  3. "Slow Night, So Long"
  4. "Black Thumbnail"

Slane Castle—May 28, 2011

  1. "Four Kicks"
  2. "Taper Jean Girl"
  3. "The Bucket"
  4. "Spiral Staircase"
  5. "McFearless"
  6. "The Immortals"
  7. "Revelry"
  8. "Fans"
  9. "Back Down South"
  10. "Sex On Fire"
  11. "Crawl"
  12. "My Party"
  13. "Happy Alone"
  14. "Charmer"
  15. "Notion"
  16. "Cold Desert"
  17. "Closer"
  18. "Pyro"
  19. "Mary"
  20. "Molly's Chambers"
  21. "Mi Amigo"
  22. "No Money"
  23. "Radioactive"
  24. "On Call"
  25. "Trani"

;Encore

  1. "The Runner Caleb Solo"
  2. "Manhattan"
  3. "Use Somebody"
  4. "Black Thumbnail"
  5. "Crawl"
  6. "Slow Night, So Long"
  7. "My Party"
  8. "Molly's Chambers"
  9. "Mary"
  10. "Fans"
  11. "Milk"
  12. "Closer"
  13. "Four Kicks"
  14. "Charmer"
  15. "The Bucket"
  16. "Radioactive"
  17. "Notion"
  18. "Sex on Fire"
  19. "On Call"
  20. "Back Down South"
  21. "Trani"

;Encore

  1. "Knocked Up"
  2. "Use Somebody"
  3. "Black Thumbnail"

;North America (except the Bonnaroo Music Festival)

  1. "Closer"
  2. "Be Somebody"
  3. "My Party"
  4. "Radioactive"
  5. "Fans"
  6. "Milk"
  7. "Pickup Truck"
  8. "Where Is My Mind?"
  9. "Mary"
  10. "Crawl"
  11. "Four Kicks"
  12. "The Bucket"
  13. "Notion"
  14. "Sex on Fire"
  15. "On Call"
  16. "Back Down South"

;Encore

  1. "Knocked Up"
  2. "Manhattan"
  3. "Use Somebody"
  4. "Black Thumbnail"

Tour dates

DateCityCountryVenue
North America
June 5, 2010Atlantic CityUnited StatesBorgata Events Center
June 6, 2010Saratoga SpringsSaratoga Performing Arts Center
June 11, 2010ManchesterGreat Stage Park
Europe
June 30, 2010LondonEnglandHyde Park
North America
July 9, 2010Chula VistaUnited StatesCricket Wireless Amphitheatre
July 10, 2010PhoenixCricket Wireless Pavilion
July 12, 2010Los AngelesHollywood Bowl
July 14, 2010IrvineVerizon Wireless Amphitheatre
July 17, 2010GeorgeThe Gorge Amphitheatre
July 19, 2010West Valley CityUSANA Amphitheatre
July 20, 2010Greenwood VillageComfort Dental Amphitheatre
July 24, 2010Tinley ParkFirst Midwest Bank Amphitheatre
July 26, 2010Cuyahoga FallsBlossom Music Center
July 28, 2010TorontoCanadaMolson Amphitheatre
July 30, 2010DarienUnited StatesDarien Lake Performing Arts Center
July 31, 2010ClarkstonDTE Energy Music Theatre
August 3, 2010HartfordComcast Theatre
August 5, 2010CamdenSusquehanna Bank Center
August 7, 2010BristowJiffy Lube Live
August 15, 2010San FranciscoPolo Field
Europe
August 21, 2010ChelmsfordEnglandHylands Park
August 22, 2010Weston-under-LizardWeston Park
North America
September 3, 2010NoblesvilleUnited StatesVerizon Wireless Music Center
September 4, 2010CincinnatiRiverbend Music Center
September 10, 2010CharlotteVerizon Wireless Amphitheatre
September 11, 2010Virginia BeachVirginia Beach Amphitheater
September 13, 2010RaleighTime Warner Cable Music Pavilion
September 15, 2010AtlantaAaron's Amphitheatre
September 17, 2010West Palm BeachCruzan Amphitheatre
September 18, 2010Tampa1-800-ASK-GARY Amphitheatre
September 20, 2010PelhamVerizon Wireless Music Center
September 22, 2010The WoodlandsCynthia Woods Mitchell Pavilion
September 23, 2010DallasSuperpages.com Center
South America
October 10, 2010ItuBrazilMaeda Farm
North America
November 14, 2010BostonUnited StatesTD Garden
November 16, 2010New York CityMadison Square Garden
Europe
November 29, 2010AntwerpBelgiumSportpaleis
December 1, 2010MadridSpainPalacio Vistalegre
December 3, 2010Casalecchio di RenoItalyFuturshow Station
December 4, 2010ViennaAustriaWiener Stadthalle
December 6, 2010MunichGermanyOlympiahalle
December 8, 2010HamburgO2 World Hamburg
December 9, 2010FrankfurtFesthalle Frankfurt
December 11, 2010DublinIrelandThe O2
December 13, 2010ManchesterEnglandManchester Evening News Arena
December 14, 2010SheffieldMotorpoint Arena Sheffield
December 16, 2010BirminghamNational Indoor Arena
December 17, 2010
December 19, 2010SheffieldMotorpoint Arena Sheffield
North America
April 8, 2011TulsaUnited StatesBOK Center
April 9, 2011MemphisFedExForum
April 12, 2011AustinFrank Erwin Center
April 15, 2011IndioEmpire Polo Fields
Europe
May 28, 2011SlaneIrelandSlane Castle
May 30, 2011CoventryEnglandRicoh Arena
June 1, 2011LondonThe O2 Arena
June 3, 2011NurembergGermanyZeppelinfeld
June 4, 2011NürburgNürburgring
June 10, 2011NewportEnglandSeaclose Park
June 12, 2011LandgraafNetherlandsMegaland Landgaaf
June 14, 2011BerlinGermanyWaldbühne
June 17, 2011SunderlandEnglandStadium of Light
June 19, 2011ManchesterLancashire County Cricket Ground
June 22, 2011LondonHyde Park
June 23, 2011
June 26, 2011EdinburghScotlandMurrayfield Stadium
June 29, 2011BorlängeSwedenBorlänge Centrumförening
July 1, 2011RotselaarBelgiumWerchter Festival Grounds
July 3, 2011RoskildeDenmarkRoskilde Showgrounds
North America
July 25, 2011Orange BeachUnited StatesThe Amphitheater at The Wharf
July 27, 2011AtlantaAaron's Amphitheatre
September 28, 2011VancouverCanadaRogers Arena
September 30, 2011CalgaryScotiabank Saddledome
October 1, 2011EdmontonRexall Place
October 3, 2011SaskatoonCredit Union Centre
October 4, 2011WinnipegMTS Centre
October 8, 2011LondonJohn Labatt Centre
October 11, 2011TorontoAir Canada Centre
October 14, 2011MontrealBell Centre
October 15, 2011OttawaScotiabank Place
Africa
October 26, 2011Cape TownSouth AfricaCape Town Stadium
October 29, 2011JohannesburgFNB Stadium
Australia
November 4, 2011SydneyAustraliaAllphones Arena
November 5, 2011
November 8, 2011BrisbaneBrisbane Entertainment Centre
November 9, 2011Gold CoastGCCEC Arena
November 11, 2011AdelaideAdelaide Entertainment Centre
November 13, 2011MelbourneRod Laver Arena
November 14, 2011
November 16, 2011
November 19, 2011Perthnib Stadium

;Festivals and other miscellaneous performances :This concert is a part of the Bonnaroo Music Festival :This concert is a part of the Outside Lands Music and Arts Festival :These concerts are a part of V Festival :This concert is a part of the SWU Music & Arts Festival :This concert is a part of Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival :This concert is a part of Rock im Park :This concert is a part of Rock am Ring :This concert is a part of the Isle of Wight Festival :This concert is a part of the Pinkpop Festival :This concert is a part of the Peace & Love Music Festival :This concert is a part of Rock Werchter :This concert is a part of the Roskilde Festival

;Cancellations and rescheduled shows

September 12, 2011SeattleCancelled

Box office score data

VenueCityTickets sold / availableGross revenue
Hollywood BowlLos Angeles17,096 / 17,096 (100%)$958,351
DTE Energy Music CenterClarkston14,571 / 14,571 (100%)$474,996
Madison Square GardenNew York City14,712 / 14,712 (100%)$809,160
SportpaleisAntwerp16,878 / 16,884 (~100%)$1,149,560
O2 World HamburgHamburg12,350 / 12,350 (100%)$651,337
The O2Dublin12,615 / 12,615 (100%)$1,047,570
Manchester Evening News ArenaManchester16,928 / 16,928 (100%)url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsptitle=Billboard Boxscore: Current Scoresdate=25 June 2011access-date=15 June 2011magazine=Billboardarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111211165608/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsparchive-date=11 December 2011url-status=dead }}
Frank Erwin CenterAustin10,140 / 11,629 (87%)$419,436
BOK CenterTulsa11,505 / 11,505 (100%)$497,141
Slane CastleSlane79,686 / 79,686 (100%)$8,248,480
The O2 ArenaLondon17,071 / 17,615 (97%)url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsptitle=Billboard Boxscore – Current Scoresdate=24 September 2011magazine=Billboardarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111211165608/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsparchive-date=11 December 2011access-date=15 September 2011url-status=dead }}
The Amphitheater at the WharfOrange Beach7,370 / 9,784 (75%)$318,138
Rexall PlaceEdmonton8,891 / 11,346 (78%)$498,572
John Labatt CentreLondon7,083 / 8,388 (84%)$426,590
Air Canada CentreToronto12,386 / 12,386 (100%)url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsptitle=Billboard Boxscore – Current Scoresdate=19 November 2011magazine=Billboardarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111211165608/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentboxscore.jsparchive-date=11 December 2011access-date=10 November 2011url-status=dead }}
Bell CentreMontreal5,986 / 6,436 (93%)$402,171
Allphones ArenaSydney20,246 / 22,452 (90%)$2,412,370
Brisbane Entertainment CentreBrisbane10,882 / 11,525 (94%)$1,359,810
Rod Laver ArenaMelbourne25,478 / 27,219 (94%)$3,038,140
TOTAL321,874 / 335,127 (96%)$26,410,622

;Notes :This concert ranked third in the Billboard's "Hot Tours" for May 2011.

Critical reception

Kevin Courtney (The Irish Times) praised the performance at The O2 stating the band was ready to play stadiums. He further remarked, "[…] this was a southern rock version of U2, delivering big anthems with a twang, and lassoing the audience with well-aimed riffs and chant-along choruses". On the contrary, Ed Power (The Daily Telegraph) gave the same concert two out of five stars stating, "Today, any whiff of the exotic is thoroughly dissipated. Shrugging off last summer's Spinal Tap-like 'pigeongate' debacle (they cut short an outdoor US performance after bird droppings starting raining down from the rafters) Kings of Leon came to Dublin in the straightforward guise of stadium-filling mega-band".

David Dunn (Sheffield Star) stated the band was very lucky after viewing the concert at the Motorpoint Arena. He continued to write "[…] and their many other musical lightning strikes is the same: glee, euphoria, unwavering adoration". James Watkins (Shropshire Star) thought highly of the performance at the National Indoor Arena. He wrote, "Highlight of the night was the spine-tingling and epic Pyro, that saw mobile phones held in the air to light up the whole arena in a 4-minute moment of pure magic".

References

References

  1. (December 29, 2010). "Pollstar's Top 50 Tours North America". Pollstar.
  2. (July 8, 2011). "Top 50 Worldwide Tours (01/01/2011 – 06/30/2011)". Pollstar.
  3. Montgomery, James. (May 26, 2010). "Kings Of Leon Plan To Play Some 'Beachy' New Songs On Tour". MTV News.
  4. Spillane, Sean. (27 July 2010). "Kings of Leon takes steady ride to the top". [[The News-Times]].
  5. Waddell, Ray. (2010). "Kings Of Leon Move 300K Tickets In 48 Hours".
  6. (24 July 2010). "Kings Of Leon Pooped On By Pigeon, Concert Forced To End After Just 3 Songs". [[The Huffington Post]].
  7. Perez-Maestro, Laura. (21 December 2010). "Kings of Leon tour buses burn outside London arena". [[CNN International]].
  8. "Kings of Leon postpone Australian Shows".
  9. Gray, Chris. (23 September 2010). "Kings of Leon, The Black Keys, The Whigs". [[Dallas Observer]].
  10. (8 April 2010). "The Drums To Support Kings Of Leon". First Active Media Ltd.
  11. Keiper, Nicole. (29 April 2010). "Kings of Leon bring The Features out on summer tour". [[The Tennessean]].
  12. (29 April 2010). "Built to Spill and Black Keys to Open for Kings of Leon This Summer". [[Pitchfork Media]].
  13. Knapp, Lonny. (10 August 2010). "Stills Former Guitarist Rejoins Band in Time for Kings of Leon Tour". [[Spinner (website).
  14. Ableson, Jon. (15 November 2010). "Manchester Orchestra To Support Kings Of Leon In New York". Alter the Press!.
  15. (22 March 2011). "Band of Horses to support Kings of Leon". kingsofleon.com.
  16. (9 March 2011). "Paul Weller, White Lies & Zac Brown Band to Support Kings of Leon in London".
  17. (4 April 2011). "Slane Castle line-up confirmed". [[MCD Productions]].
  18. Robin Murray. (16 March 2011). "Kings of Leon add support acts". Clash.
  19. Ramos, Deborah. (2010-09-02). "Concert review: Kings of Leon with The Black Keys and The Whigs at 1-800-Ask-Gary Amphitheatre in Tampa (with photos and setlists)". [[Creative Loafing]].
  20. "Tour Archives". [[Sony Music Entertainment]].
  21. Hanek, Joel. (17 March 2010). "Kings Of Leon Announce Summer Tour Dates". MTV News.
  22. Young, Alex. (7 June 2010). "Ahead of Bonnaroo, Kings of Leon postpone tour date". [[Consequence of Sound]].
  23. Fuoco-Karasinski, Christina. (2 June 2010). "Kings of Leon finish new album, hit the tour trail". MTV Networks.
  24. Evans, Rob. (4 August 2010). "Kings of Leon to release "Come Around Sundown" in October". MTV Networks.
  25. SoundSpike Staff. (31 August 2010). "Kings of Leon cancel two Pennsylvania gigs". MTV Networks.
  26. "Current Tour Dates". Sony Music Entertainment.
  27. RTTNews Staff. (5 February 2011). "Kings Of Leon Add More Tour Dates In U.S.". RTTNews.
  28. Gregory, Jason. (28 October 2010). "Kings Of Leon Announce 2011 UK Stadium Tour". Giant Digital.
  29. (28 October 2010). "Kings Of Leon announce UK arena summer tour and ticket details". NME.
  30. Lipshutz, Jason. (25 April 2011). "Kings of Leon Announce Summer Tour Dates".
  31. (2 February 2011). "Kings of Leon in October". [[Independent Online (South Africa).
  32. Adams, Cameron. (4 February 2011). "Kings of Leon announce new Australian tour dates". Herald Sun.
  33. Appleford, Steve. (16 August 2010). "Kings of Leon Top Day Two of Outside Lands Fest".
  34. "SWU Music and Arts Festival 2010". Complex Media.
  35. Malitz, David. (19 January 2011). "Coachella lineup announced". The Washington Post.
  36. Stickler, Jon. (15 November 2010). "Kings Of Leon To Headline Isle Of Wight Festival 2011". Stereoboard.
  37. (14 December 2010). "Foo Fighters op Pinkpop". [[Kink FM]].
  38. (2 December 2010). "Kings Of Leon set for Roskilde 2011". [[NME]].
  39. Silverman, Stephen M.. (25 July 2010). "Kings of Leon Concert Shut Down by Pigeon Poop". [[People (magazine).
  40. Mervis, Scott. (16 March 2010). "Lady Gaga, Kings of Leon booked for local shows". [[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]].
  41. Jordan, Chris. (17 November 2010). "Kings of Leon cancel Izod show". [[Courier News (New Jersey).
  42. Dinh, James. (21 December 2010). "Kings Of Leon Tour Bus Fire Postpones London Show". [[MTV News]].
  43. Adams, Cameron. (1 February 2011). "Kings Of Leon postpone Australian tour". [[Herald Sun]].
  44. (1 August 2011). "Kings of Leon cancel rest of U.S. tour". [[Chicago Tribune]].
  45. (2010-10-02). "Billboard Boxscore".
  46. (2010-11-21). "Billboard Boxscore".
  47. (2010-12-04). "Billboard Boxscore".
  48. (2011-01-15). "Billboard Boxscore".
  49. (26 March 2011). "Billboard Boxscore".
  50. (2011-02-26). "Billboard Boxscore".
  51. (25 June 2011). "Billboard Boxscore: Current Scores".
  52. (30 April 2011). "Billboard Boxscore :: Current Scores".
  53. (9 July 2011). "Billboard Boxscore :: Current Scores".
  54. (24 September 2011). "Billboard Boxscore – Current Scores".
  55. (12 November 2011). "Billboard Boxscore: Issue Date 11/12/2011".
  56. (22 October 2011). "Billboard Boxscore – Current Scores".
  57. (19 November 2011). "Billboard Boxscore – Current Scores".
  58. (29 October 2011). "Billboard Boxscore – Current Scores".
  59. (24 December 2011). "Billboard Boxscore".
  60. (17 December 2011). "Billboard Boxscore".
  61. (June 17, 2011). "Hot Tours: Roger Waters, Iron Maiden & Kings of León".
  62. Coutney, Kevin. (13 December 2010). "Kings of Leon". [[The Irish Times]].
  63. Power, Ed. (14 December 2010). "Kings of Leon, O2 Dublin, review". [[The Daily Telegraph]].
  64. Dunn, David. (15 December 2010). "Review: Kings Of Leon, Motorpoint Arena". [[Sheffield Star]].
  65. Watkins, James. (20 December 2010). "Rock Gods Kings Of Leon thrill fans". [[Shropshire Star]].
Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

2010-concert-tours 2011-concert-tours kings-of-leon-concert-tours
Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about Come Around Sundown World Tour — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report