From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

Coal measures

Coal-bearing geological strata

In lithostratigraphy, coal measures are coal-bearing strata, with the term typically applied to European units of the Upper Carboniferous System.

In the United Kingdom, the term is equivalent to regional components of the Westphalian-age Coal Measures Group. The group records the deposition of fluvio-deltaic sediments which consists mainly of clastic rocks (claystones, shales, siltstones, sandstones, conglomerates) interstratified with the beds of coal. In most places, the coal measures are underlain by coarser clastic sequences known as Millstone Grit, of Namurian age. The top of the coal measures may be marked by an unconformity, the overlying rocks being Permian or later in age. In some parts of Britain, however, the coal measures grade up into mainly coal-barren red beds of late Westphalian and possibly Stephanian age.{{citation |last1=Rayner | publication-date =1974 | publication-place =Leeds | publication-date =1954 | publication-place =London

The coal measures formed during Westphalian and earliest Stephanian times in the European ('Heerlen') chronostratigraphical scheme (which is approximately equivalent to the Middle Pennsylvanian Series of the IUGS global chronostratigraphical scheme).

Informal usage for other coal-bearing strata

In the eastern United States the term coal measures has been applied to the Pennsylvanian coal fields. Generally, the Pittsburgh coal seam is considered the base of the upper coal measures, exposed along the Monongahela River, while the lower coal measures are exposed along the Allegheny River.

The term coal measures has also historically been used in other parts of the world for coal-bearing successions of various ages, e.g. the Permian coal measures of Australia and the late Cretaceous and early Tertiary coal measures found in New Zealand. However, these usages are mostly informal.

References

(2000). "Stratigraphical framework for Westphalian to Early Permian red-bed successions of the Pennine Basin". British Geological Survey Research Report.
Stratigraphy of the Bituminous Coal Field in Pennsylvania, Ohio and West Virginia, [https://books.google.com/books?id=eacPAAAAIAAJ Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey No. 65], Washington, Government Printing Office, 1891. See Chapter III and V.

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

sedimentary-rocks carboniferous-system-of-europe carboniferous-system-of-north-america coal

Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about Coal measures — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report