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Climate of Dhaka

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Dhaka experiences a hot, wet and humid tropical climate. Under the Köppen climate classification, Dhaka has a tropical wet and dry climate. The city has a distinct monsoonal season, with an annual average temperature of 25 C and monthly means varying between 18 C in January and 29 C in August. Nearly 80% of the annual average rainfall of 1854 mm occurs during the monsoon season which lasts from May until the end of September. Increasing air and water pollution emanating from traffic congestion and industrial waste are serious problems affecting public health and the quality of life in the city. Water bodies and wetlands around Dhaka are facing destruction as these are being filled up to construct multi-storied buildings and other real estate developments. Coupled with pollution, such erosion of natural habitats threatens to destroy much of the regional biodiversity.{{Cite news |url-status=dead

Cold weather is unusual in and around Dhaka. When temperatures decrease to 8 C or less, people without warm clothing and living in inadequate homes may die from the cold.

Factors

Dhaka has a tropical wet and dry climate. The monsoon season brings nearly 80% of the annual average rainfall of 1,854 millimeters (73 in) and occurs between May and September.

  • Southwest Monsoon occurs from June till September during the summer months. During this period very heavy rainfall lashes the city as well as the entire country. Flash floods are common in Dhaka almost every year.
  • Tropical Storms do occur during the summer months from April till June and then from September till December. These cyclones occur almost every year in Bangladesh though their intensity varies from year to year.
  • Tornadoes are fairly common in Bangladesh as it is one of the most frequently hit countries in the world, behind the United States and Canada.

Impact of climate change

Climate change has forced many people in Bangladesh living in rural areas to migrate to cities that has caused a sharp rise in the slum population of Dhaka. As Bangladesh is only less than 20 feet above sea level, there are fears and concerns that by the end of the 21st century, more than a quarter of the country will be inundated and 15 million people will be displaced due to sea level rise. The population of Dhaka, currently 13 million people, is projected to increase to 20 million by the year 2025. This raises fears of water-borne diseases and outbreaks of several other diseases. A UN and WWF report warned that Dhaka tops the risk of climate change vulnerability in Asia.

Monsoon rainfall of Dhaka

The Monsoon season typically begins from June and ends in September. The following is the annual monsoon rainfall for the last few years based on data from the Bangladesh Meteorological Department.

  • In 2000, a total of 5220 mm was recorded.
  • In 2001, a total of 5590 mm was recorded.
  • In 2002, a total of 7257 mm was recorded.
  • In 2003, a total of 4934 mm was recorded.
  • In 2004, a total of 8308 mm was recorded.
  • In 2005, a total of 6903 mm was recorded.
  • In 2006, a total of 7137 mm was recorded.
  • In 2007, a total of 8895 mm was recorded.
  • In 2008, a total of 6712 mm was recorded.
  • In 2009, a total of 6252 mm was recorded.
  • In 2010, a total of 5016 mm was recorded.
  • In 2011, a total of 4590 mm was recorded.

Extreme weather events

Extreme weather events including tropical cyclones, tornadoes, cloudburst and flash floods have impacted Dhaka:

  • In 1956, about 326 millimetres (12.8 in) of rain was recorded in 24 hours in Dhaka.
  • In 1970, a Category-3 tropical cyclone killed 500,000 people in the coastal area, which also had a severe impact in Dhaka.
  • In 1989, a tornado killed 1,300 people in Dhaka Division.
  • In 1991, a Category-5 tropical cyclone ravaged coastal Bangladesh, impacting Dhaka with severe rain and damaging wind.
  • In 2004, a record-breaking 341 millimetres (13.4 in) mm of rain was recorded in Dhaka in 24 hours.
  • In 2009, about 333 millimetres (13.1 in) of rain was recorded in Dhaka in 24 hours.
  • In 2023, on April 16, the Dhaka area recorded a maximum of 40.6 °C, the highest April temperature in the region since 1965.

Statistics

|Jan record high C = 31.1 |Feb record high C = 34.4 |Mar record high C = 40.6 |Apr record high C = 42.2 |May record high C = 41.1 |Jun record high C = 36.7 |Jul record high C = 35.0 |Aug record high C = 36.1 |Sep record high C = 37 |Oct record high C = 37.4 |Nov record high C = 34.4 |Dec record high C = 30.6 |year record high C = 42.2 |Jan record low C = 6.1 |Feb record low C = 6.7 |Mar record low C = 10.6 |Apr record low C = 16.7 |May record low C = 14.4 |Jun record low C = 19.4 |Jul record low C = 21.1 |Aug record low C = 21.7 |Sep record low C = 21.1 |Oct record low C = 17.2 |Nov record low C = 11.1 |Dec record low C = 7.2 |year record low C = 6.1 | url-status = dead

References

References

  1. "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Dhaka, Bangladesh". weatherbase.com.
  2. (January 6, 1995). "Cold Wave Kills 102 People in Bangladesh". Los Angeles Times.
  3. (December 29, 1989). "33 in Northern Bangladesh Are Reported Killed by Cold". The New York Times.
  4. (6 January 1998). "Hundreds Dead in Bangladeshi Cold Spell". The Washington Post.
  5. "Dhaka, Bangladesh Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)".
  6. "The Online Tornado FAQ (by Roger Edwards, SPC)".
  7. "Climate migration drives slum growth in Dhaka".
  8. "Case study: Dhaka's extreme vulnerability to climate change - PreventionWeb.net".
  9. Fogarty, David. (2009-11-12). "Dhaka tops risk table in Asia climate threat study". Reuters.
  10. "Bangladesh Meteorological Department".
  11. "'Cloud Burst' Breaks 53-year Record".
  12. "NOAA Researcher's Warning Helps Save Lives in Bangladesh".
  13. "Bangladesh Tornado Climatology".
  14. http://www.swissre.com/resources/dd6346004d4e9669ac76eecedd316cf3-sigma2_2009_e.pdf{{dead link. (May 2017)
  15. (17 April 2023). "Temperature hits 43 degrees Celsius in Bangladesh". [[Bdnews24.com]].
  16. "Station ID for Dhaka is 41923".
  17. . (15 October 2021). ["41923: Dhaka (Bangladesh)"](https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=41923&ano=2021&mes=10&day=16&hora=0&min=0&ndays=30). *[[OGIMET]]*.
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