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Chromium nitride

Chromium nitride is a chromium and nitrogen chemical compound with the formula CrN. It is very hard and is extremely resistant to corrosion. It is an interstitial compound, with nitrogen atoms occupying the octahedral holes in the chromium lattice: as such, it is not strictly a chromium(III) compound nor does it contain nitride ions (N3−). Chromium forms a second interstitial nitride, dichromium nitride, Cr2N.

Synthesis

Chromium(III) nitride can be prepared by the direct combination of chromium and nitrogen at 800 °C:

:2 Cr + → 2 CrN

It can also be synthesized by the Physical Vapour Deposition technique, such as Cathodic arc deposition.

Applications

CrN is used as a coating material for corrosion resistance and in metal forming and plastic moulding applications. CrN is often used on medical implants and tools. CrN is also a valuable component in advanced multicomponent coating systems, such as CrAlN, for hard, wear-resistant applications on cutting tools.

Magnetism

The fundamental materials physics of CrN, giving rise to its favorable properties, has been debated recently in high-profile scientific journals such as Nature Materials. In particular, the importance of magnetism in both the low temperature and the high temperature phases has been demonstrated by using quantum mechanical calculations of the compound's electronic structure.

Natural occurrence

Though rare, carlsbergite - the natural form of chromium nitride - occurs in some meteorites.

References

References

  1. [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/compounds/text/Cr/Cr1N1-12053279.html Chromium(III) nitride at webelements.com]
  2. {{Greenwood&Earnshaw1st
  3. http://www.alfa-chemcat.com/daten_msds/D/12149_-_D.pdf{{dead link. (August 2017)
  4. [http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C24094937&Units=SI&Mask=2#Thermo-Condensed NIST Chemistry Webbook]
  5. {{PGCH. 0141
  6. Vetter, J.. (1995). "Vacuum arc coatings for tools: potential and application". Elsevier BV.
  7. (2005). "Investigation of the properties of Al1−xCrxN coatings prepared by cathodic arc evaporation". Elsevier BV.
  8. (2009-10-25). "Reduction of the bulk modulus at high pressure in CrN". Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
  9. (2010). "Questionable collapse of the bulk modulus in CrN". Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
  10. (2000-12-11). "Magnetic Stress as a Driving Force of Structural Distortions: The Case of CrN". American Physical Society (APS).
  11. (2009-01-29). "Electronic structure of CrN: A borderline Mott insulator". American Physical Society (APS).
  12. (2010-11-29). "Effect of magnetic disorder and strong electron correlations on the thermodynamics of CrN". American Physical Society (APS).
  13. "Carlsbergite: Mineral Information, data, and localities".
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chromium(iii)-compounds nitrides rock-salt-crystal-structure coatings
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