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Choline chloride

| NFPA-H = 2 | NFPA-F = 0 | NFPA-R = 0 | NFPA-S =

Choline chloride is an organic compound with the formula . It is a quaternary ammonium salt, consisting of choline cations () and chloride anions (). It is a bifunctional compound, meaning, it contains both a quaternary ammonium functional group and a hydroxyl functional group. The cation of this salt, choline, occurs in nature in living beings. Choline chloride is a white, water-soluble salt used mainly as an animal and human dietary supplement.

Synthesis

In the laboratory, choline can be prepared by methylation of dimethylethanolamine with methyl chloride.

Choline chloride is mass-produced with world production estimated at 160 000 tons in 1999. or from the pre-formed salt:

:[[File:Synthesis of choline chloride.png|class=skin-invert-image|450px]]

Choline chloride can also be made by treating trimethylamine with 2-chloroethanol. :

Applications

It is a dietary supplement used to accelerate the growth of chickens.

It forms a deep eutectic solvent with urea, ethylene glycol, glycerol, and many other compounds.

It is also used as a clay control additive in fluids used for hydraulic fracturing.

References

References

  1. "Chemical Safety Information from Intergovernmental Organizations - Choline Chloride".
  2. (February 2015). "Choline". Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University.
  3. (2002). "Ethanolamines and Propanolamines". Wiley-VCH.
  4. Industrially, it is produced by the reaction of [[ethylene oxide]], [[hydrogen chloride]], and [[trimethylamine]],[https://web.archive.org/web/20140918142932/http://www.davyprotech.com/what-we-do/licensed-processes-and-core-technologies/licensed-processes/choline-chloride/specification/ title=Johnson Matthey Process Technology - Choline chloride licensed process]
  5. "Choline chloride". [[IPCS INCHEM]].
  6. (2000). "Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology". John Wiley & Sons.
  7. "What Chemicals Are Used".
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