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Chlorotrifluoromethane

Monochlorotrifluoromethane Trifluorochloromethane Trifluoromethyl chloride Trifluoromonochlorocarbon Arcton 3 Freon 13 Genetron 13 R-13 CFC 13 UN 1022 | NFPA-H = | NFPA-F = | NFPA-R = | NFPA-S =

Chlorotrifluoromethane, R-13, CFC-13, or Freon 13, is a non-flammable, non-corrosive, nontoxic chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and also a mixed halomethane. It is a man-made substance used primarily as a refrigerant. When released into the environment, CFC-13 has a high ozone depletion potential, and long atmospheric lifetime. Only a few other greenhouse gases surpass CFC-13 in global warming potential (GWP). The IPCC AR5 reported that CFC-13's atmospheric lifetime was 640 years.

Production

CFC-13like all chlorofluorocarbon compoundscontains atoms of carbon (C), chlorine (Cl), and fluorine (F).

It can be prepared by reacting carbon tetrachloride with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of a catalytic amount of antimony pentachloride:

:CCl4 + 3 HF → CClF3 + 3 HCl

This reaction can also produce trichlorofluoromethane (CCl3F), dichlorodifluoromethane (CCl2F2) and tetrafluoromethane (CF4).

Montreal Protocol

Main article: Montreal Protocol

Following the unanimous ratification of the 1987 Montreal Protocolin response to concerns about the role of concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in ozone layer-depletion in the stratospherea process was put into place to gradually phase out and replace CFC-13 and all the other CFCs. Research in the 1980s said that these man-made CFC compounds had opened a hole in ozone layer in the upper atmosphere or stratosphere that protects life on earth from UV radiation.

CFC-13's ozone depletion potential (ODP) is high 1 CFC-13's radiative efficiency is high which results in a high global warming potential (GWPs) of 13 900 GWP-100 yr that is "surpassed by very few other greenhouse gases." It is categorized as a Class I in the list of ozone-depleting Substances.

Increase in atmospheric abundance of CFC-13 in 2010s

Starting in the 2010s, despite a global ban on the production of CFCs, five of these ozone-damaging emissions were on the rise.

The atmospheric abundance of CFC-13 rose from 3.0 parts per trillion (ppt) in year 2010 to 3.3 ppt in year 2020 based on analysis of air samples gathered from sites around the world. Contrary to the Montreal Protocol, the atmospheric emissions of CFC-13 and four other chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), increased between 2010 and 2020.

As of 2023, the drivers behind the increase in CFC-13 and CFC-112a emissions were not certain.

Physical properties

The IPCC AR5 reported that CFC-13's Atmospheric lifetime was 640 years.

Property	Value
Density (ρ) at −127.8 °C (liquid)	1.603 g⋅cm−3
Density (ρ) at boiling point (gas)	6.94 kg⋅m−3
Density (ρ) at 15 °C (gas)	4.41 g⋅cm−3
Triple point temperature (Tt)	−181 °C (92 K)
Critical temperature (Tc)	28.8 °C (302 K)
Critical pressure (pc)	3.86 MPa (38.6 bar)
Critical density (ρc)	5.5 mol⋅L−1
Latent heat of vaporization at boiling point	149.85 kJ⋅kg−1
Specific heat capacity at constant pressure (Cp) at −34.4 °C	0.06 kJ⋅mol−1⋅K−1
Specific heat capacity at constant volume (CV) at −34.4 °C	0.051 kJ⋅mol−1⋅K−1
Heat capacity ratio (к) at −34.4 °C	1.168016
Compressibility Factor (Z) at 15 °C	0.9896
Acentric factor (ω)	0.17166
Viscosity (η) at 0 °C (gas)	13.3 mPa⋅s (0.0133 cP)
Viscosity (η) at 25 °C (gas)	14.1 mPa⋅s (0.01440 cP)
Ozone depletion potential (ODP)	CCl3F]] = 1)
Global warming potential (GWP)	url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/	contribution= Chapter 8	title=AR5 Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis	page=731}} (CO2 = 1)
Atmospheric lifetime	640 years

Gallery

File:CFC-13 mm.png|CFC-13 measured by the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) in the lower atmosphere (troposphere) at stations around the world. Abundances are given as pollution free monthly mean mole fractions in parts-per-trillion.

References

Touloukian, Y.S., Liley, P.E., and Saxena, S.C. Thermophysical properties of matter - the TPRC data series. Volume 3. Thermal conductivity - nonmetallic liquids and gases. Data book. 1970.
(2002). "Fluorine Compounds, Organic".
Ashworth, James. (April 3, 2023). "Mystery emissions of ozone-damaging gases are fuelling climate change".
Elkins, James.W.. (2013). "Halocarbons and other Atmospheric Trace Species". NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory.
{{Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd
Allen, Kate. (April 3, 2023). "Remember ozone-destroying CFCs? They're on the rise again. And the source is a mystery". The Star.
(2007). "Class I Ozone-depleting Substances". US EPA.
(October 10, 2017). "Atmospheric histories and emissions of chlorofluorocarbons CFC-13 (CClF3), CFC-114 (C2Cl2F4), and CFC-115 (C2ClF5)". [[Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions]].
"AGAGE Data and Figures". Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
(April 3, 2023). "Global increase of ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons from 2010 to 2020". Nature Geoscience.
"Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing". International Panel of Climate Change.
"AR5 Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis".

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chlorofluorocarbons halomethanes refrigerants greenhouse-gases ozone-depleting-chemical-substances trifluoromethyl-compounds chlorofluoroalkanes

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