Chloropyramine

Contraindications

Contraindications for parenteral or oral administration include benign prostatic hyperplasia, peptic ulcer, pyloric and duodenal stenosis, uncontrolled glaucoma, pregnancy and breast-feeding. It is not intended for the management of acute bronchospasm. It should be used with caution in patients with hyperthyroidism, cardiovascular diseases, and asthma.

Adverse effects

In children, it can induce agitation, and in many adult patients, dizziness may be observed. Because of the pronounced sedative effect, the preparation should be prescribed cautiously in drivers and people working with machines.

A large study on people 65 years old or older linked the development of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia to the "higher cumulative" use of first-generation antihistamines, due to their anticholinergic properties.

Interactions

Chloropyramine should not be used internally with MAO inhibitors. Because of its anticholinergic activity, concurrent administration with cholinomimetics is not advisable. Chloropyramine should also not be used internally with alcohol, sedatives, and hypnotics because of the potentiation of the effects. General anesthetics, opioids, and other depressants potentiate the sedative effect of chloropyramine.

Dosage

In cases of severe allergic reactions, chloropyramine can be injected intramuscularly or intravenously. Oral administration: In adults, 25 mg can be taken 3 to 4 times daily (up to 150 mg); in children over 5 years old, 25 mg can be taken 2 to 3 times daily. For external application, the skin or the eye conjunctiva can be treated up to several times a day by applying a thin layer of cream or ointment containing 1% chloropyramine hydrochloride.

Trade names

• Allergopress, Chimpharm AD (KZ)
• Allergosan, Sopharma AD (BG, GE, LV)
• Suprastin, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC (GE, HU, KZ, LT, LV, UA, RU)
• Supralgon, Biopharm JSC (GE)
• Supranorm-Tsiteli A, Rompharm Co. (GE)
• Synopen, Pliva d.o.o. (BA, HR, RS, MK)

Synthesis

The preparation begins with the condensation of 4-chlorobenzaldehyde with 1,1-dimethyethylenediamine. The resulting Schiff base is reduced. The resulting amine is then further reacts with 2-bromopyridine in the presence of sodamide.

References

References

1. "Chloropyramine Tablets for Oral Use. Prescribing Information". Ozon OOO.
2. "Хлоропирамин (Chloropyraminum)".
3. (March 2015). "Cumulative use of strong anticholinergics and incident dementia: a prospective cohort study". JAMA Internal Medicine.
4. (March 1949). "Antihistamine agents; halogenated N,N-dimethyl-N-benzyl-N-(2-pyridyl)-ethylenediamines". The Journal of Organic Chemistry.
5. "N, n-dimethyl-n'-(4-halobenzyl)-n'-(2-pyridyl) ethylenediamines and preparation of the same".
6. "Process of preparing n, n-dimethyln'-(p-chlorobenzyl)-n'-(2-pyridyl)-ethylenediamine".
7. "Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Äthylendiaminderivates.".
8. "Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Äthylendiaminderivates.".
9. "Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Äthylendiaminderivates.".
10. "Manufacture of n-(2-pyridyl)-n-(p-chloro-benzyl)-n:n-dimethyl-ethylenediamine".