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Carcharhinus

Genus of sharks

Genus of sharks

~

  • Eulamia Gill 1862
  • Galeolamna Owen 1853
  • Gillisqualus Whitley 1934
  • Hypoprion Müller & Henle 1838
  • Isogomphodon Gill 1862
  • Platypodon Gill 1862
  • Pterolamiops Springer 1951
  • Uranga Whitley 1943

Carcharhinus is the type genus of the family Carcharhinidae, the requiem sharks. One of 10 genera in its family, it contains over half of the species therein. It contains 36-38 extant and eight extinct species to date, with likely more species yet to be described.

Species

Fossil teeth suggest that a majority of extant species in Carcharhinus already evolved by the Early Miocene, and these species start appearing in the fossil record starting from this time. Fossil Carcharhinus teeth tend to be highly species-specific in morphology, but are highly variable both within and among species, and even within the jaw, and thus require careful study to assign to their respective species.

Extant

The following species are placed in this genus:

Common nameScientific nameGeographic rangeConservation status
IUCN Red ListLengthImage
Blacknose sharkPoey]], 1860)[[File:Carcharhinus_acronotus_distmap.png120pxBlacknose shark geographic range]]Endangered1.3 m[[File:Blacknose shark nmfs.jpg120x120pxBlacknose shark (*Carcharhinus acronotus*)]]
Silvertip sharkRüppell]], 1837)[[File:Cypron-Range_Carcharhinus_albimarginatus.svg120pxSilvertip shark geographic range]]Vulnerable2 -
maximum 3 m[[File:Carcharhinus albimarginatus in UShaka Sea World 1100.jpg120x120pxSilvertip shark (*Carcharhinus albimarginatus*)]]
Bignose sharkS. Springer]], 1950)[[File:Carcharhinus_altimus_distmap.png120pxBignose shark geographic range]]Near threatened2.7 -
possibly 3 m[[File:Carcharhinus_altimus_nefsc.jpg120pxBignose shark (*Carcharhinus altimus*)]]
Graceful sharkWhitley]], 1934)[[File:Carcharhinus_amblyrhynchoides_distmap.png120pxGraceful shark geographic range]]Vulnerable1.7 m[[File:Carcharhinus_amblyrhynchoides_phuket.JPG120pxGraceful shark (*Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides*)]]
Grey reef shark*Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos*
(Bleeker, 1856)[[File:Cypron-Range_Carcharhinus_amblyrhynchos.svg120pxGrey reef shark geographic range]]EndangeredMostly less than 1.9 m
maximum 2.6 m[[File:Grey5b.jpg120pxGrey reef shark (*Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos*)]]
Pigeye sharkJ. P. Müller]] & Henle, 1839)[[File:Carcharhinus_amboinensis_distmap.png120pxPigeye shark geographic range]]Vulnerable1.9 -
max. 2.8 m[[File:Carcharhinus amboinensis csiro-nfc.jpg120pxPigeye shark (*Carcharhinus amboinensis*)]]
Borneo shark*Carcharhinus borneensis*
(Bleeker, 1858)[[File:Carcharhinus_borneensis_distmap.png120pxBorneo shark geographic range]]Critically endangered0.7 m
Copper sharkGünther]], 1870)[[File:Carcharhinus_brachyurus_rangemap.png120pxCopper shark geographic range]]Vulnerable3.3 m[[File:Carcharhinus brachy.JPG120pxCopper shark (*Carcharhinus brachyurus*)]]
Spinner shark*Carcharhinus brevipinna*
(J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)[[File:Carcharhinus_brevipinna_distmap.png120pxSpinner shark geographic range]]Vulnerable2 m
maximum 3 m[[File:Spinner shark (Duane Raver).png120pxSpinner shark (*Carcharhinus brevipinna*)]]
Nervous shark*Carcharhinus cautus*
(Whitley, 1945)[[File:Carcharhinus_cautus_distmap.png120pxNervous shark geographic range]]Least concern1.0 -
possibly 1.5 m[[File:Carcharhinus_cautus_csiro-nfc.jpg120pxNervous shark (*Carcharhinus cautus*)]]
Pacific smalltail sharkC. H. Gilbert]], 1898[[File:Carcharhinus_cerdale_range.png120pxPacific smalltail shark geographic range]]Critically endangered1.4 m[[File:Carcharhinus_cerdale_SI.jpg120pxPacific smalltail shark (*Carcharhinus cerdale*)]]
Australian blackspot sharkWhitley]], 1939)Least concern0.8 m[[File:Carcharhinus_coatesi_csiro.jpg120pxAustralian blackspot shark (*Carcharhinus coatesi*)]]
Whitecheek shark*Carcharhinus dussumieri*
(J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)[[File:Carcharhinus_dussumieri_distmap.png120pxWhitecheek shark geographic range]]Endangered1 m[[File:Carcharhinus_dussumieri_terengganu.jpg120pxWhitecheek shark (*Carcharhinus dussumieri*)]]
Silky shark*Carcharhinus falciformis*
(J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)[[File:Carcharhinus_falciformis_rangemap.png120pxSilky shark geographic range]]Vulnerable2.5 m
maximum 3.3 m[[File:Silky shark (Duane Raver).png120pxSilky shark (*Carcharhinus falciformis*)]]
Creek whaler*Carcharhinus fitzroyensis*
(Whitley, 1943)[[File:Carcharhinus_fitzroyensis_distmap.png120pxCreek whaler geographic range]]Least concern1.0 -
possibly 1.5 m[[File:Carcharhinus_fitzroyensis_csiro-nfc.jpg120pxCreek whaler (*Carcharhinus fitzroyensis*)]]
Galapagos sharkSnodgrass]] & Heller, 1905)[[File:Carcharhinus_galapagensis_distmap.png120pxGalapagos shark geographic range]]Least concern3 m
maximum 3.3 m[[File:Carcharinus_galapagensis_1.jpg120pxGalapagos shark (*Carcharhinus galapagensis*)]]
Pondicherry shark*Carcharhinus hemiodon*
(J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)[[File:Carcharhinus_hemiodon_rangemap.png120pxPondicherry shark geographic range]]Critically endangered1 m[[File:Carcharhinus_hemiodon_nmfs_2.png120pxPondicherry shark (*Carcharhinus hemiodon*)]]
Human's whaler sharkW. T. White]] & Weigmann, 2014Data deficient0.8 m
Finetooth shark*Carcharhinus isodon*
(J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)[[File:Carcharhinus_isodon_distmap.png120pxFinetooth shark geographic range]]Near threatened1.6 -
maximum 1.9 m[[File:Carcharhinus isodon.jpg120pxFinetooth shark (*Carcharhinus isodon*)]]
Smoothtooth blacktip sharkGarrick]], 1985[[File:Carcharhinus_leiodon_distmap.png120pxSmoothtooth blacktip shark geographic range]]Endangered1.2 m[[File:Carcharhinus_leiodon_nmfs_2.png120pxSmoothtooth blacktip shark (*Carcharhinus leiodon*)]]
Bull sharkJ. P. Müller]] & Henle, 1839)[[File:Cypron-Range_Carcharhinus_leucas.svg120pxBull shark geographic range]]Vulnerable2.3 -
maximum 3.6 -[[File:Bull shark (Duane Raver).png120pxBull shark (*Carcharhinus leucas*)]]
Blacktip shark*Carcharhinus limbatus*
(J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)[[File:Carcharhinus_limbatus_distmap.png120pxBlacktip shark geographic range]]Vulnerable1.5 m
maximum 2.6 m[[File:Blacktip shark (Duane Raver).png120pxBlacktip shark (*Carcharhinus limbatus*)]]
Oceanic whitetip shark*Carcharhinus longimanus*
(Poey, 1861)[[File:Cypron-Range_Carcharhinus_longimanus.svg120pxOceanic whitetip shark geographic range]]Critically endangered3 m[[File:Oceanic whitetip shark (Duane Raver).png120pxOceanic whitetip shark (*Carcharhinus longimanus*)]]
Hardnose shark*Carcharhinus macloti*
(J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)[[File:Carcharhinus_macloti_distmap.png120pxHardnose shark geographic range]]Near threatened1.1 m[[File:Carcharhinus_macloti_csiro-nfc.jpg120pxHardnose shark (*Carcharhinus macloti*)]]
Blacktip reef sharkQuoy]] & Gaimard, 1824)[[File:Carcharhinus_melanopterus_distmap.png120pxBlacktip reef shark geographic range]]Vulnerable1.6 m
maximum 1.8 m[[File:Carcharhinus_melanopterus_mirihi.jpg120pxBlacktip reef shark (*Carcharhinus melanopterus*)]]
Dusky sharkLesueur]], 1818)[[File:Carcharhinus_obscurus_distmap.png120pxDusky shark geographic range]]Endangered3.2 m
maximum 4.0 m[[File:Dusky shark (Duane Raver).png120pxDusky shark (*Carcharhinus obscurus*)]]
Lost sharkWhite]], Kyne, & Harris, 2019Critically endangered (possibly extinct)0.37 -
(juvenile length only)
Daggernose shark*Carcharhinus oxyrhynchus*[[File:Isogomphodon oxyrhynchus distmap.pngframeless120x120px]]Critically endangered1.5 m[[File:Carcharias oxyrhynchus by muller and henle.pngframeless120x120px]]
Caribbean reef sharkPoey]], 1876)[[File:Cypron-Range_Carcharhinus_perezii.svg120pxCaribbean reef shark geographic range]]Endangered2 -
maximum 3 m[[File:Carcharhinus perez.JPG120pxCaribbean reef shark (*Carcharhinus perezi*)]]
Sandbar sharkNardo]], 1827)[[File:Carcharhinus_plumbeus_distmap.png120pxSandbar shark geographic range]]Endangered2 -[[File:Sandbar shark (Duane Raver).png120pxSandbar shark (*Carcharhinus plumbeus*)]]
Smalltail sharkRanzani]], 1839)[[File:Carcharhinus_porosus_distmap2.png120pxSmalltail shark geographic range]]Critically endangered0.9 -
maximum 1.5 m[[File:Carcharhinus poro.JPG120pxSmalltail shark (*Carcharhinus porosus*)]]
Blackspot sharkPietschmann]], 1913)[[File:Carcharhinus_sealei_distmap.png120pxBlackspot shark geographic range]]Vulnerable1 m[[File:Carcharhinus_sealei_terengganu.jpg120pxBlackspot shark (*Carcharhinus sealei*)]]
Night shark*Carcharhinus signatus*
(Poey, 1868)[[File:Carcharhinus_signatus_rangemap.png120pxNight shark geographic range]]Endangered2 m
maximum 2.8 m[[File:Carcharhinus_signatus_nmfs.jpg120pxNight shark (*Carcharhinus signatus*)]]
Spot-tail shark*Carcharhinus sorrah*
(J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839)[[File:Carcharhinus_sorrah_distmap.png120pxSpot-tail shark geographic range]]Near threatened1.6 m120pxSpot-tail shark (*Carcharhinus sorrah*)]]
Australian blacktip shark*Carcharhinus tilstoni*
(Whitley, 1950)[[File:Carcharhinus_tilsoni_distmap.png120pxAustralian blacktip shark geographic range]]Least concern1.5 -
maximum 2 m[[File:Carcharhinus_tilstoni_csiro-nfc.jpg120pxAustralian blacktip shark (*Carcharhinus tilstoni*)]]
Indonesian whaler shark*Carcharhinus tjutjot*
(Bleeker, 1852)Vulnerable0.9 m[[File:Carcharhinus tjutjot in an aquarium 2.jpg120pxIndonesian whaler shark (*Carcharhinus tjutjot*)]]

T Type species

In addition, Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes recognizes two species of uncertain validity:

  • Carcharhinus acarenatus Moreno & Hoyos, 1983 - Native to the western Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantic, around the coast of the Iberian Peninsula south to Morocco. Often treated as synonymous with the copper shark.
  • Carcharhinus japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, 1850 - Native to the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Often treated as synonymous with the sandbar shark.

Fossil

AgeSpeciesAuthorityFormationLocationImageNotes
zanclean}};"Montehermosan†*C. egertoni*Agassiz 1843OnzoleEcuador
pliocene}};"PlioceneLuandaAngola
VillamagnaItaly
messinian}};"HuayquerianCamachoUruguay
tortonian}};"Late MiocenePenedoPortugal
serravallian}};"Middle MioceneSekinobanaJapan
Suso
Hannoura
tortonian}};"LanghianHigashi-innai
burdigalian}};"ColhuehuapianPirabasBrazil
burdigalian}};"BurdigalianCalvertMaryland
aquitanian}};"Early MioceneBaripadaIndia
piacenzian}};"Early Piacenzian†*C. priscus*Agassiz 1843OosterhoutNetherlands
zanclean}};"MontehermosanOnzoleEcuador
pliocene}};"PlioceneLuandaAngola
messinian}};"HemphillianCurréCosta Rica
messinian}};"HuayquerianPiscoPeru
tortonian}};"Late MiocenePenedoPortugal
UscariCosta Rica
FujinaJapan
Takakubo
serravallian}};"BadenianHruškyCzech Republic
KorytnicaPoland
serravallian}};"SerravallianMoulin de DébatFrance
KuraharaJapan
Wajimazaki
Horimatsu
serravallian}};"Middle MioceneSekinobana
Suso
Hannoura
Maenami
langhian}};"LanghianHigashi-innai
Florianer SchichtenAustria
Grund
Weissenegg
langhian}};"Middle MiocenePunta JudasCosta Rica
burdigalian}};"BurdigalianDera BugtiPakistan
DamSaudi Arabia
burdigalian}};"ColhuehuapianPirabasBrazil
aquitanian}};"AquitanianTrentNorth Carolina
aquitanian}};"Early MioceneFilakovoSlovakia
tortonian}};"Chasicoan†*C. caquetius*Carrillo Briceño et al. 2015UrumacoVenezuela[[File:Carcharhinus caquetius - Urumaco Formation - Venezuela.jpgcenter100px]]
burdigalian}};"Santacrucian†*C. ackermani*Santos & Travasos 1960CantaureVenezuela
burdigalian}};"ColhuehuapianPirabasBrazil
langhian}};"Langhian†*C. dicelmai*Collareta *et al*., 2022CantaureVenezuela
burdigalian}};"BurdigalianChilcatayPeru
burdigalian}};"Burdigalian†*C. gibbesi*Woodward 1889TrentNorth Carolina[[File:Carcharhinus gibbesi - Chandler Bridge Formation - USA.jpgcenter100px]]
chattian}};"ChattianChandler BridgeSouth Carolina
priabonian}};"PriabonianClinchfieldGeorgia
YazooAlabama
Louisiana
Jackson Gp.Arkansas
bartonian}};"BartonianGosport SandAlabama
Moodys BranchLouisiana
Mississippi
lutetian}};"LutetianCrockettTexas
rupelian}};"Rupelian†*C. balochenisis*Adnet et al. 2007ChitarwataPakistan
rupelian}};"Rupelian†*C. perseus*Adnet et al. 2007ChitarwataPakistan
Minqar TabaghbaghEgypt
bartonian}};"Bartonian†*C. nigeriensis*White 1926AmekiNigeria
bartonian}};"Bartonian†*C. tingae*Cicimurri & Ebersole, 2021Cook MountainLouisiana

References

Bibliography

References

  1. Carrier, J.C.. (2004). "Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives". CRC Press.
  2. {{FishBase genus. (2011)
  3. (2024-02-26). "A Review of the Paleobiology of Some Neogene Sharks and the Fossil Records of Extant Shark Species". Diversity.
  4. (1994). "Identifying isolated shark teeth of the genus Carcharhinus to species: relevance for tracking phyletic change through the fossil record". American Museum of Natural History.
  5. {{Cof genus
  6. Harris et al., 2019
  7. [https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=246012 ''Carcharhinus egertoni''] at [[Fossilworks]].org
  8. [https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=280327 ''Carcharhinus priscus''] at [[Fossilworks]].org
  9. Carrillo Briceño et al., 2015
  10. Aguilera & De Aguilera, 2001
  11. [https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=246011 ''C. ackermani''] at [[Fossilworks]].org
  12. De Aráujo Távora et al., 2010
  13. (2022-10-10). "Dental Morphology, Palaeoecology and Palaeobiogeographic Significance of a New Species of Requiem Shark (Genus Carcharhinus) from the Lower Miocene of Peru (East Pisco Basin, Chilcatay Formation)". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering.
  14. Cicimurri & Knight, 2009
  15. [https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=170190 ''C. gibbesi''] at [[Fossilworks]].org
  16. Adnet et al., 2007
  17. [https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=285219 ''C. balochenisis''] at [[Fossilworks]].org
  18. [https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=285220 ''C. perseus''] at [[Fossilworks]].org
  19. [https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=358307 ''C. nigeriensis''] at [[Fossilworks]].org
  20. Halstead & Middleton, 1974
  21. J. Cicimurri, David. (2021-01-01). "New Paleogene elasmobranch (Chondrichthyes) records from the Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States, including a new species of Carcharhinus de Blainville, 1816". Cainozoic Research.
  22. "40 Million-Year-Old Fossil Shark Named in Honor of LSU Collection Manager Suyin Ting".
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