Buparvaquone

Industrial production

It was first produced in Great Britain, then in Germany. Its patent expired in the mid-2000s, and was then produced in different countries such as India and Iran.

Use in bovine theileriosis

Using a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg, the recovery rate of curable cases is 90 to 98%. In tropical theileriosis, a dosage of 2.0 mg/kg has the same efficacy. Body temperature returns to normal in two to five days. Parasitemia lowers from 12% on day 0 to 5% the next day, then to 1% by day 5 and none at day 7.

Viruses

Buparvaquone has been shown to inhibit completely vaccinia virus in cell based assay in human cell line.

Molecular target

Buparvaquone resistance appears to be associated with parasite mutations in the Qo quinone-binding site of mitochondrial cytochrome b. Its mode of action is thus likely to be similar to that of the antimalarial drug atovaquone, a similar 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that binds to the Qo site of cytochrome b thus inhibiting Coenzyme Q – cytochrome c reductase.

References

References

1. (2005). "Clinicopathological Studies on Theileria Annulata Infection in Siwa Oasis in Egypt.". BS. Vet. Med. J..
2. (January 2025). "Repurposing Drugs for Synergistic Combination Therapies to Counteract Monkeypox Virus Tecovirimat Resistance". Viruses.
3. (July 2012). "Point mutations in the Theileria annulata cytochrome b gene is associated with buparvaquone treatment failure". Veterinary Parasitology.