Blini

Etymology

The Proto-Slavic term for the Russian pancakes was probably mlinŭ ('to mill'), which was transformed in Old Russian into , and (cf. , Ukrainian for blin). Max Vasmer, in his Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language, notes that a similar word is used in many Slavic languages, as well as in Latvian and Lithuanian. While the modern Russian word (plural of ), also refers to foreign-introduced pancakes in general, the term ('Russian pancakes'), is often emphasized in Russia for differentiation.

Some English dictionaries record usage of the forms blin as singular and blini or bliny as plural, which corresponds to the original Russian forms, but other dictionaries consider this usage so rare in English that they do not mention blin at all and only record the widespread modern regular usage of blini for the singular and blinis for the plural.

History

Blini have a history dating to the Middle Ages. In Russian culture, blini were traditionally prepared at the end of winter during Maslenitsa ('butter week') as a treat eaten twice a day. There were also other occasions for eating blini, such as at funerals and during prayers for the dead.

Traditional Russian blini are made with yeasted batter, which is left to rise and then diluted with milk, soured milk, and cold or boiling water. When diluted with boiling water, they are referred to as zavarnye bliny (the Russian term zavarnoe testo corresponds to "choux pastry"). A lighter and thinner form made from unyeasted batter (usually made of flour, eggs, milk, or soured milk, kefir, ryazhenka, varenets) is also common in Russia. All kinds of flour may be used, from wheat and buckwheat to oatmeal and millet, although wheat is currently the most popular. Historically, blini have been baked in a Russian oven, which was used for heat processing of all kinds of food. Even though blini are nowadays pan-fried, like pancakes, preparing blini is still referred to as "pech bliny" (i.e., "to bake blini") in Russian, and the word for "Russian oven" is a cognate, "(russkya) pech".

The influence of French cuisine in the 19th century may have led to the development of lighter blini. According to Lesley Chamberlain: "In a full Russian obed, blini are served after the cold zakuski. They may be followed by consommé, then pies and then the main meat course. For all this you would need a gargantuan appetite..."

Varieties

Some ways that blini are prepared and served include the following:

• Blini made from batter containing various additions such as grated potato or apple and raisins.
• Blini covered with butter, sour cream, varenie or jam, honey or caviar (whitefish, salmon or traditional sturgeon).

They may be folded or rolled into a tube with sweet or salty fillings such as varenye, fruit, berry, mashed potatoes, tvorog, cooked ground meat, cooked chicken, salmon, chopped boiled eggs with green onions or chopped mushrooms.

• Blini made by pouring batter over chopped vegetables, meat, or mushrooms put on a frying pan beforehand are called "blini s pripyokom."
• Caviar is a popular filling for blini during Russian-style parties and in foreign Russian-style restaurants.
• Buckwheat blini are part of traditional Russian cuisine. They are also widespread in Ukraine, where they are sometimes known as uk (), and Lithuania's Dzūkija region, the only region of the country in which buckwheat is grown, where they are called grikių blynai (which is in fact literally "buckwheat blini").

Similar pancakes are eaten in neighboring countries, such as nalistniki in Belarus, although blini are also widely eaten.

Gallery

File:Зворыкин С-широкой-масленицей.jpg|An old woman prepares blini in a Russian oven for Maslenitsa File:Blini with salmon roe.jpg|Blini served with red caviar File:Russian stamp no 1029.jpg|Russian stamp with blini and other stereotypes of Russian cuisine File:Блины - мелна готовятся в печи 15 дек 2016.jpg|Blini fried in an oven in the Mari El Republic, Russia File:Pancake week (silver coin)r.gif|Belarusian commemorative coin with Maslenitsa theme and the accompanying blini File:Blini.jpg|Blini rolled up File:С_широкой_масляницей.jpg|A pre-1917 Maslenitsa congratulation postcard File:Street food, Novosibirsk 02.jpg|Blini shop in Novosibirsk, Russia File:Blini Tanya.jpg|Lithuanian Blini (blynai or sklindziai)

In popular culture

Aside from referring to pancakes, the word ru () is used in Russian as a "minced oath" for the Russian swear word "блять" ru, used as an interjection to express a negative emotion, akin to the words "damn!" or saying "Holy Moly!" while meaning "Holy shit!".

There are many Russian proverbs involving blini. For example, "Первый блин комом" ("The first blin is lumpy") is a figurative saying that the first attempt to do something is expected to be unsuccessful, said to calm down the person who failed the first try. An English equivalent would be "You must spoil before you spin".

References

References

1. "The American Heritage Dictionary entry: Blini".
2. "BLINI (noun) definition and synonyms | Macmillan Dictionary".
3. (October 2005). "A Cook's Dictionary: International Food and Cooking Terms from A to Z". Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.
4. (28 October 2005). "Dictionary Of Food & Nutrition". Oxford University Press.
5. (28 October 2013). "Encyclopedia of Contemporary Russian Culture". Routledge.
6. (2014). "The Oxford Companion to Food". Oxford University Press.
7. (18 April 2013). "The Diner's Dictionary". Oxford University Press.
8. (9 September 2013). "Street Food around the World: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture". Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
9. (14 March 2013). "It's Russian Mardi Gras: Time For Pancakes, Butter And Fistfights".
10. "blintze {{!}} a thin, usually wheat-flour pancake folded to form a casing (as for cheese or fruit) and then sautéed or baked".
11. (3 January 2013). "The English of Tourism". Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
12. близорукий блинд. "блин - это... Что такое блин?".
13. (2016-12-09). "blini definition and synonyms". Macmillan Dictionary.
14. Marks, Gil. (2010). "Encyclopedia of Jewish Food". Wiley.
15. "Shrovetide indulgence with babushka's tvorog blini".
16. (9 September 2013). "Street Food around the World: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture". Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
17. "Blin - Meaning in Russian - Translation and audio".
18. [https://nazaccent.ru/phrase/poslovicy-i-pogovorki-o-blinah/ ПОСЛОВИЦЫ И ПОГОВОРКИ О БЛИНАХ]
19. [https://cgon.rospotrebnadzor.ru/istoriya/istoriya-sanitarnogo-prosveshcheniya/istoriya-pitaniya/russkie-poslovitsy-i-pogovorki-o-blinakh-i-maslenitse/ Русские пословицы и поговорки о блинах и масленице]