Banner (administrative division)

Compilation from Qing Dynasty era

• The Eight Banners are former administrative divisions of China into which all Manchu households were placed, primarily for military purposes.
• Banner (Qosighun or khoshun) as former division of all Mongols under Qing rule (includes Inner/Outer Mongolia) grouped in aimag (league), sometimes transcribed by hoshuns or khoshuns, were the battalion level of administrative/military subdivision in the Mongol army.
• Banner (Inner Mongolia) as an administrative division of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China, equivalent to a Chinese county (縣|县[xiàn]) in the rest of China.
  • An Autonomous banner is an area associated with one or more ethnic minorities designated as autonomous within the People's Republic of China.
• Kozhuun, subdivisions of former Tannu Uriankhai and now Russian Tuva.

Anatolia

• A Bandon (Byzantine Empire) was the lowest Byzantine administrative-cum-military unit. "Bandon" means "banner".
• Sanjak, literally "a banner, flag", was the original first level subdivision of the Ottoman Empire.

Arab world

• Liwa, an Arabic term meaning "banner" is a type of administrative division. Used in conjunction with the Ottoman–era term sancağı, denoting a region or district.

References

1. Elliott, Mark C.. (2001). "The Manchu way: the eight banners and ethnic identity in late imperial China". Stanford University Press.
2. Grousset, René. (1970). "The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia". Rutgers University Press.
3. (1991). "Bandon". Oxford University Press.