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Australian Open

Annual tennis tournament held in Melbourne

Annual tennis tournament held in Melbourne

FieldValue
NameAustralian Open
Logoframelessupright
Last2026 Australian Open
Last alias2026 Australian Open
Bar Color#27a7e7
Founded
Editions114 (2026)
CountryAustralia
CityMelbourne CBD
VenueMelbourne Park
Surface
Grass – outdoors (1905–1987)
Prize Money[A$](a)111,500,000 (2026)
Men Draw128S (128Q) / 64D (16Q)
Men CurrentCarlos Alcaraz (singles)
Men Most SNovak Djokovic (10)
Men Most DAdrian Quist (10)
Women Draw128S (128Q) / 64D (16Q)
Women CurrentElena Rybakina (singles)
Elise Mertens
Zhang Shuai (doubles)
Women Most SMargaret Court (11)
Women Most DThelma Coyne Long (12)
Mixed Draw32
Mixed CurrentOlivia Gadecki
John Peers
Mixed Most M4
Harry Hopman
Mixed Most F4
Thelma Coyne Long
Web sitehttp://ausopen.com/
Note

the tennis tournament

Grass – outdoors (1905–1987)

Christian Harrison Neal Skupski (doubles) Elise Mertens Zhang Shuai (doubles) John Peers Harry Hopman Thelma Coyne Long

The Australian Open is a tennis tournament organised by Tennis Australia annually at Melbourne Park in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is the first of the four major tennis tournaments every year, held before the French Open, Wimbledon and the US Open.

The Australian Open typically starts around the middle of January and continues for two weeks, concluding with the men's final traditionally held on the last Sunday of the month. It features men's and women's singles, men's, women's and mixed doubles, juniors’ championships, wheelchair, legends, and exhibition events.

Formerly played on grass courts, it switched to hard court in 1988. Three types of hardcourt surfaces have been used: green-coloured Rebound Ace (1988–2007), blue Plexicushion (2008–2019), and blue GreenSet since 2020.

First held in 1905 as the Australasian championships, the Australian Open has grown to become one of the biggest sporting events in the Southern Hemisphere. Nicknamed "the happy slam", the Australian Open is the highest attended Grand Slam event, with more than 1,200,000 people attending the 2025 tournament, including qualifying. It was also the first Grand Slam tournament to feature indoor play during wet weather or extreme heat with its three primary courts, Rod Laver Arena, John Cain Arena and the refurbished Margaret Court Arena equipped with retractable roofs.

The Australian Open is known for its fast-paced and aggressive style of play. The tournament has been held at the Melbourne Park complex since 1988 and is a major contributor to the Victorian economy; the 2020 Australian Open injected into the state's economy, while over the preceding decade, the Australian Open had contributed more than in economic benefits to Victoria and generated 1775 jobs for the state, with these jobs being predominantly in the accommodation, hotels, cafés and trade services sectors.

History

The Australian Open is managed by Tennis Australia, formerly the Lawn Tennis Association of Australia (LTAA), and was first played at the Warehouseman's Cricket Ground in Melbourne in November 1905. The facility, now known as the Albert Reserve Tennis Centre, was a grass court.

The tournament was first known as the Australasian Championships. It became the Australian Championships in 1927. Then, in 1969, it became the Australian Open. Since 1905, it has been staged 110 times in five Australian cities: Melbourne (66 times), Sydney (17 times), Adelaide (15 times), Brisbane (7 times), Perth (3 times), and two New Zealand cities: Christchurch (1906) and Hastings (1912).

Although it began in 1905, the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) did not designate it a major championship until 1924, following a meeting held in 1923. The tournament committee changed the tournament structure to include seeding at that time. In the period of 1916–1918, no tournament was organised due to World War I.

During World War II, the tournament was not held from 1941 to 1945. In 1972, it was decided to stage the tournament in Melbourne each year because it attracted the biggest patronage of any Australian city. The tournament was played at the Kooyong Lawn Tennis Club from 1972 until its move to the new Flinders Park complex in 1988.

The new facilities at Flinders Park were envisaged to meet the demands of a tournament that had outgrown Kooyong's capacity. The move to Flinders Park was an immediate success, with a 90 percent increase in attendance in 1988 (266,436) on the previous year at Kooyong (140,000).

Because of Australia's geographic remoteness, very few foreign players entered the tournament in the early 20th century. In the 1920s, the trip by ship from Europe to Australia took about 45 days. The first tennis players who came by aircraft were the US Davis Cup players in November 1946. Even inside Australia, many players could not travel easily. When the tournament was held in Perth, no one from Victoria or New South Wales crossed by train, a distance of about 3000 km between the east and west coasts. In Christchurch in 1906, of a small field of 10 players, only two Australians attended and the tournament was won by a New Zealander.

The first tournaments of the Australasian Championships suffered from the competition of the other Australasian tournaments. Before 1905, all Australian states, and New Zealand, had their own championships; the first being organised in 1880 in Melbourne and called the Championship of the Colony of Victoria (later the Championship of Victoria). In those years, the best two players – Australian Norman Brookes (whose name is now written on the men's singles cup) and New Zealander Anthony Wilding – almost did not play this tournament.

Brookes took part once and won in 1911, and Wilding entered and won the competition twice (1906 and 1909). Their meetings in the Victorian Championships (or at Wimbledon) helped to determine the best Australasian players. Even when the Australasian Championships were held in Hastings, New Zealand, in 1912, Wilding, though three times Wimbledon champion, did not come back to his home country. It was a recurring problem for all players of the era. Brookes went to Europe only three times, where he reached the Wimbledon Challenge Round once and then won Wimbledon twice.

Thus, many players had never played the Austral(as)ian amateur or open championships: the Doherty brothers, William Larned, Maurice McLoughlin, Beals Wright, Bill Johnston, Bill Tilden, René Lacoste, Henri Cochet, Bobby Riggs, Jack Kramer, Ted Schroeder, Pancho Gonzales, Budge Patty, and others, while Brookes, Ellsworth Vines, Jaroslav Drobný, came just once. Even in the 1960s and 1970s, when travel was less difficult, leading players such as Manuel Santana, Jan Kodeš, Manuel Orantes, Ilie Năstase (who only came once, when 35 years old) and Björn Borg came rarely or not at all.

Open era

Beginning in 1969, when the first Australian Open was held on the Milton Courts at Brisbane, the tournament was open to all players, including professionals who were not allowed to play the traditional circuit. Nevertheless, except for the 1969 and 1971 tournaments, many of the best players missed the championship until 1982, because of the remoteness, the inconvenient dates (around Christmas and New Year's Day) and the low prize money. In 1970, George MacCall's National Tennis League, which employed Rod Laver, Ken Rosewall, Andrés Gimeno, Pancho Gonzales, Roy Emerson and Fred Stolle, prevented its players from entering the tournament because the guarantees were insufficient. The tournament was won by Arthur Ashe.

In 1983, Ivan Lendl, John McEnroe and Mats Wilander entered the tournament. Wilander won the singles title and both his Davis Cup singles rubbers in the Swedish loss to Australia at Kooyong shortly after. Following the 1983 Australian Open, the International Tennis Federation prompted the Lawn Tennis Association of Australia to change the site of the tournament, because the Kooyong stadium was then inappropriate to serve such a big event. In 1988 the tournament was first held at Flinders Park (later renamed Melbourne Park). The change of the venue also led to a change of the court surface from grass to a hard court surface known as Rebound Ace.

Mats Wilander was the only player to win the tournament on both grass and hard courts. In 2008, after being used for 20 years, the Rebound Ace was replaced by a cushioned, medium-paced, acrylic surface known as Plexicushion Prestige. Roger Federer and Serena Williams are the only players to win the Australian Open on both Rebound Ace and Plexicushion Prestige. The main benefits of the new surface are better consistency and less retention of heat because of a thinner top layer. This change was accompanied by changes in the surfaces of all lead-up tournaments to the Australian Open. The change was controversial because of the new surface's similarity to DecoTurf, the surface used by the US Open.

Before the Melbourne Park stadium era, tournament dates fluctuated as well, in particular in the early years because of the climate of each site or exceptional events. For example, the 1919 tournament was held in January 1920 (the 1920 tournament was played in March) and the 1923 tournament in Brisbane took place in August when the weather was not too hot and wet. After a first 1977 tournament was held in December 1976 – January 1977, the organisers chose to move the next tournament forward a few days, then a second 1977 tournament was played (ended on 31 December), but this failed to attract the best players.

New Rod Laver Arena entrance added in 2018 as part of the Melbourne Park redevelopment.
New Rod Laver Arena entrance added in 2018 as part of the Melbourne Park redevelopment.

From 1982 to 1985, the tournament was played in mid-December. Then it was decided to move the next tournament to mid-January (January 1987), which meant no tournament was organised in 1986. From 1987 to 2026, the Australian Open date has not changed (except for 2021, when it was postponed by three weeks to February due to the COVID-19 pandemic). In 2026, the tournament will be played on late January. Some top players, including Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal, have said in the past that the tournament is held too soon after the Christmas and New Year holidays, and expressed a desire to consider shifting the tournament to February. Such a change, however, would move the tournament outside Australia's summer school holiday period, potentially impacting attendance figures.

Prior to 1996, the Australian Open rewarded fewer ATP rankings points than the other three Grand Slam tournaments. The reason cited by the ATP was the prize money offered by the Australian Open was far less than the other three majors.

Melbourne Park expansion

New South Wales and overseas authorities proposed becoming the new hosts of the tournament in 2008, though such a move never materialised. In any case, it was around this time the Melbourne Park precinct commenced upgrades which enhanced facilities for players and spectators. The precinct also aimed to provide more options of refreshments especially coffee to entertain the growing number of local and international visitors.

Notably a retractable roof was placed over Margaret Court Arena, making the Open the first of the four Grand Slams to have retractable roofs available on three of their main courts. The player and administrative facilities, as well as access points for spectators, were improved and the tournament site expanded its footprint out of Melbourne Park into nearby Birrarung Marr. A fourth major show court, seating 5,000 people was completed in late 2021, along with the rest of decade-long redevelopment, which included the Centrepiece ballroom, function and media building, as well as other upgraded facilities for players, administrators and spectators.

In December 2018, tournament organisers announced the Australian Open would follow the examples set by Wimbledon and the US Open and introduce tie-breaks in the final sets of men's and women's singles matches. Unlike Wimbledon and the US Open, which initiated conventional tie-breaks at 12–12 games and 6–6 games respectively, the Australian Open utilises a first to 10 points breaker at 6 games all. In 2020, the tournament organisers decided to replace the official court manufacturer to GreenSet, though retained the iconic blue cushioned acrylic hardcourt.

In 2021, in an effort to reduce the number of staff on-site due to the COVID-19 pandemic, all matches used electronic line judging. It marked the first-ever Grand Slam tournament to exclusively use electronic line judging; the 2020 US Open used it for matches outside of the two main stadium courts.

The Australian Open produced a range of NFTs in 2022.

Starting in 2024, the Australian Open began on a Sunday, one day earlier than usual. Day sessions on Rod Laver Arena and Margaret Court Arena featured a minimum of two matches (down from three) in an effort to reduce the possibility of matches finishing in the early hours of the following morning.

The 2025 Australian Open was the first Australian Open to present pickleball. From January 24 to the 26th the AO Pickleball Slam tournament was held on Court 3 at Melbourne Park. The invitational tournament awarded in prize money to some of Australia's top players and international participants.

Courts

The Australian Open is played at Melbourne Park, which is located in the Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct; the event moved to this site in 1988. Currently three of the courts have retractable roofs, allowing play to continue during rain and extreme heat. As of 2017, spectators can also observe play at Show Courts 2 and 3, which have capacities of 3,000 each, as well as at Courts 4–17, 19 and 20 with the aid of temporary seating grandstands of capacity anywhere from 50 to 2,500.

Construction of a new 5,000 seat capacity stadium began in 2019 as part of a redevelopment of the precinct. The new stadium, Kia Arena, was unveiled by Australian Open officials on 22 November 2021.

From 2008 to 2019, all of the courts used during the Australian Open were hard courts with Plexicushion acrylic surfaces (though Melbourne Park does have eight practice clay courts which are not used for the tournament). This replaced the Rebound Ace surface used from the opening of Melbourne Park. The ITF rated the surface's speed as medium. Since 2020, the courts have used a GreenSet surface.

Current courts

CourtOpenedCapacityArena RoofRef.
**Rod Laver Arena**198814,820Retractable
**John Cain Arena**200010,300Retractable
**Margaret Court Arena**
(Formerly Show Court 1)19887,500Retractable
**Show Court Arena**
(Kia Arena)20215,000No
**Show Court 2**
(1573 Arena)19883,000No
**Show Court 3**
(ANZ Arena)19883,000No

Ranking points

Ranking points for the men (ATP) and women (WTA) have varied at the Australian Open through the years but presently players receive the following points:

Women2000130078043024013010–––––

Prize money and trophies

The prize money awarded in the men's and women's singles tournaments is distributed equally. The total prize money for the 2026 tournament in Australian Dollars is . The prize money distribution is as follows:

**Mixed doubles**A$175,000A$97,750A$52,500A$27,750A$14,000A$7,250

: Doubles prize money is per team.

Trophies

The names of the tournament winners are inscribed on the perpetual trophy cups. In 2013, ABC Bullion, a Pallion company, was awarded the rights to make the Cups. The cups are produced by W. J. Sanders, a sister division within Pallion and takes over 250 hours to produce.

  • The women's singles winner is presented with the Daphne Akhurst Memorial Cup.
  • The men's singles winner is presented with the Norman Brookes Challenge Cup.

Champions

Former champions

  • Men's singles
  • Women's singles
  • Men's doubles
  • Women's doubles
  • Mixed doubles
  • All champions

Current champions

Most recent finals

[2026 Event](2026-australian-open)ChampionRunner-upScore[Men's singles](2026-australian-open-men-s-singles)[Women's singles](2026-australian-open-women-s-singles)[Men's doubles](2026-australian-open-men-s-doubles)[Women's doubles](2026-australian-open-women-s-doubles)[Mixed doubles](2026-australian-open-mixed-doubles)
ESP Carlos AlcarazSRB Novak Djokovic2–6, 6–2, 6–3, 7–5
KAZ Elena RybakinaAryna Sabalenka6–4, 4–6, 6–4
USA Christian Harrison
GBR Neal SkupskiAUS Jason Kubler
AUS Marc Polmans7–6(7–4), 6–4
BEL Elise Mertens
CHN Zhang ShuaiKAZ Anna Danilina
SRB Aleksandra Krunić7–6(7–4), 6–4
AUS Olivia Gadecki
AUS John PeersFRA Kristina Mladenovic
FRA Manuel Guinard4–6, 6–3, [10–8]

Records

  • Unlike the other three Grand Slam tournaments, which became open in 1968, the Australian tournament opened to professionals in 1969.
RecordEraPlayer(s)CountYears
***Men since 1905***
**Most singles titles**Open EraSER Novak Djokovic102008, 2011–2013, 2015–2016, 2019–2021, 2023
Amateur EraAUS Roy Emerson61961, 1963–1967
**Most consecutive singles titles**Open EraSRB Novak Djokovic32011–2013, 2019–2021
Amateur EraAUS Roy Emerson51963–1967
**Most doubles titles**Open EraUSA Bob Bryan
USA Mike Bryan62006–2007, 2009–2011, 2013
Amateur EraAUS Adrian Quist101936–1940, 1946–1950
**Most consecutive doubles titles**Open EraUSA Bob Bryan
USA Mike Bryan32009–2011
Amateur EraAUS Adrian Quist101936–1940, 1946–1950
**Most mixed doubles titles**Open EraUSA Jim Pugh
IND Leander Paes
CAN Daniel Nestor31988–1990
2003, 2010, 2015
2007, 2011, 2014
Amateur EraAUS Harry Hopman
AUS Colin Long41930, 1936–1937, 1939
1940, 1946–1948
**Most Championships
(singles, doubles, mixed doubles)**Open EraSER Novak Djokovic102008–2023 (10 men's singles)
Amateur EraAUS Adrian Quist131936–1950 (3 singles, 10 men's doubles, 0 mixed doubles)
***Women since 1922***
**Most singles titles**All-timeAUS Margaret Court111960–1966, 1969–1971, 1973
Open EraUSA Serena Williams72003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2015, 2017
Amateur EraAUS Margaret Court71960–1966
**Most consecutive singles titles**Open EraAUS Margaret Court
AUS Evonne Goolagong Cawley
GER Steffi Graf
SFR Yugoslavia/FR Yugoslavia Monica Seles
SUI Martina Hingis31969–1971
1974–1976
1988–1990
1991–1993
1997–1999
Amateur EraAUS Margaret Court71960–1966
**Most doubles titles**Amateur EraAUS Thelma Coyne Long121936–1940, 1947–1949, 1951–1952, 1956, 1958
Open EraUSA Martina Navratilova81980, 1982–1985, 1987–1989
**Most consecutive doubles titles**Open EraUSA Martina Navratilova
USA Pam Shriver71982–1985, 1987–1989
Amateur EraAUS Thelma Coyne Long
AUS Nancye Wynne Bolton51936–1940
**Most mixed doubles titles**Open EraCZE Barbora Krejčíková32019–2021
Amateur EraAUS Daphne Akhurst Cozens
AUS Nell Hall Hopman
AUS Nancye Wynne Bolton
AUS Thelma Coyne Long41924–1925, 1928–1929
1930, 1936–1937, 1939
1940, 1946–1948
1951–1952, 1954–1955
**Most Championships
(singles, doubles, mixed doubles)**All-timeAUS Margaret Court231960–1973 (11 singles, 8 women's doubles, 4 mixed doubles)
Open EraUSA Martina Navratilova121980–2003 (3 singles, 8 women's doubles, 1 mixed doubles)
Amateur EraAUS Nancye Wynne Bolton201936–1952 (6 singles, 10 women's doubles, 4 mixed doubles)
***Wheelchair: singles since 2002, doubles since 2004, quads since 2008***
**Most singles titles**MenJPN Shingo Kunieda112007–2011, 2013–2015, 2018, 2020, 2022
WomenNED Esther Vergeer92002–2004, 2006–2009, 2011–2012
QuadsAUS Dylan Alcott72015–2021
**Most consecutive singles titles**MenJPN Shingo Kunieda52007–2011
WomenNED Esther Vergeer
NED Diede de Groot42006–2009
2021–2024
QuadsAUS Dylan Alcott72015–2021
**Most doubles titles**MenJPN Shingo Kunieda82007–2011, 2013–2015
WomenNED Esther Vergeer
NED Aniek van Koot72003–2004, 2006–2009, 2011–2012
2010, 2013, 2017, 2019, 2021–2023
QuadsUSA David Wagner92008–2010, 2013–2017, 2022
**Most consecutive doubles titles**MenJPN Shingo Kunieda52007–2011
WomenNED Esther Vergeer
NED Diede de Groot42006–2009
2021–2024
QuadsUSA David Wagner52013–2017
***Miscellaneous***
**Unseeded champions**MenAUS Mark Edmondson[1976](1976-australian-open-men-s-singles)
WomenAUS Chris O'Neil
USA Serena Williams[1978](1978-australian-open-women-s-singles)
[2007](2007-australian-open-women-s-singles)
**Youngest singles champion**MenAUS Ken Rosewall18 years and 2 months ([1953](1953-australian-championships-men-s-singles))
WomenSUI Martina Hingis16 years and 4 months ([1997](1997-australian-open-women-s-singles))
**Oldest singles champion**MenAUS Ken Rosewall37 years and 2 months ([1972](1972-australian-open-men-s-singles))
WomenAUS Thelma Coyne Long35 years and 8 months ([1954](1954-australian-championships-women-s-singles))

Media coverage and attendance

From 1973 to 2018, the Seven Network served as the host broadcaster of the Australian Open. In March 2018, it was announced that the Nine Network had acquired the rights to the tournament beginning in 2020, for a period of five years. The network later bought the rights for the 2019 tournament as well. The Open's broadcast rights are lucrative in the country, as it occurs near the end of the Summer non-ratings season — which gives its broadcaster opportunities to promote their upcoming programming lineup. As of 2022, Nine has extended its rights to the Australian Open until 2029.

In Europe the tournament is broadcast on Eurosport. Other broadcasters in the region have included the BBC in the United Kingdom, SRG in Switzerland, NOS in Netherlands and RTS in Serbia. In the United Kingdom, the BBC dropped its live coverage of the 2016 tournament just a month before the start due to budget cuts, leaving Eurosport as the exclusive live broadcaster.

Elsewhere, beIN Sports broadcasts it into the Middle East and northern Africa, and SuperSport in sub-Sahara Africa. In the United States, the tournament is broadcast on ESPN2, ESPN3 and the Tennis Channel, with limited highlights airing on ABC. The championship matches are televised live on ESPN. While it is broadcast on ESPN International in Central and Latin America. It is broadcast on TSN in Canada.

In the Asia–Pacific region, the tournament is broadcast on five television networks in China, including national broadcaster CCTV, provincial networks Beijing TV, Shanghai Dragon TV and Guangdong TV and English language Star Sports, as well as online on iQIYI Sports. Elsewhere in the region, it is broadcast in Japan by national broadcaster NHK, and pay-TV network Wowow. In the Indian subcontinent, Sony Six has broadcast since 2015 and, in the rest of Asia, it is broadcast on Fox Sports Asia until the network's shutdown in 2021 and the rights is acquired by beIN Sports from 2022 except for Vietnam which will be broadcast on K+ until 2025. Through TV360, Viettel currently holds broadcast rights in Vietnam from 2026 onwards.

Attendance

The Australian Open is the most attended Grand Slam tournament. The tournament in 2025 set a new attendance record of 1,218,831 while the single-day attendance record is 97,132, recorded on the 17 January 2025.

The following record of attendance begins in 1987, when the tournament moved from being held in December to in January (the immediate preceding tournament was December 1985). 1987 was the last year that the Kooyong Tennis Club hosted the tournament; since 1988 it has been held at Melbourne Park. The average growth rate over the period covered below is more than 7%. Note that these figures include attendances for the week of qualifying and pre-main tournament events.

Notes

References

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