Arraba, Jenin

History

The lands of 'Arraba include Khirbet al-Hamam and Tel el-Muhafer, either of which believed to be the site of the Canaanite town Arubboth from the Books of Kings (Rubutu in the Egyptian documents) and the city Narbata of the Roman period.Na'aman, 2005, p. 212 Tell Dothan is located just north-east of Arraba.

Pottery remains from the late Roman, Byzantine, early Muslim and the Middle Ages have been found here.

In 1226 the geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi noted that the village had a holy place named after the prophet 'Arabil'.

Ottoman era

Arraba was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 along with the rest of Palestine. Throughout Ottoman rule, Arraba saw waves of immigration from the region, including from Hebron, Acre, and Egypt. During the 16th and 17th centuries, it was controlled by the Turabay dynasty (1517–1683), whose territory spanned a large part of northern Palestine. In the census of 1596, Arraba was administratively part of the nahiye (subdistrict) of Jabal Shami in the Nablus Sanjak. It had a population of 81 households and 31 bachelors, all Muslim. The inhabitants paid a fixed tax rate of 33.3% on agricultural products, that was 17,040 akçe on wheat, 1,500 on barley, 2,683 for summer crops, 1,500 for olive trees, 1,000 for occasional revenues, 1,000 for goats and beehives, 30 for an olive oil press, and 3,840 for adat rijaliyya, totalling 29,575 akçe. In 1648-50 the Turkish traveler Evliya Çelebi noted the village contained 100 Muslim houses and that its taxes were allocated to the governor of Nablus.

In 1838 Arraba was noted as a village in the Sha'rawiya al-Sharqiya district, north of Nablus. Arraba is the origin of the Abd al-Hadi family, once a leading landowning family in the districts of Afula, Baysan, Jenin, and Nablus, and was their seat of power as a throne village (qaryat kursi). The clan was traditionally opposed to the Tuqan family of Nablus. In the 1850s the Ottoman rulers withdrew their soldiers from the district (to be used in the Crimean War), and hence open hostility ensued between the different Palestinian factions. The Abd al-Hadis sacked several villages, some of the results were shown to the British consul Rogers when he visited Arraba in 1856.

In April 1859 a coalition of Ottoman troops and local leaders opposed to the Abd al-Hadi clan, stormed Arraba. Members of the Abd al-Hadi clan either fled or were captured, while the fortifications of Arraba were razed and the place plundered. By subduing Arraba, the Ottomans had suppressed the last bastion of independent local rule in the Nablus region. French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village in 1870, and described it: "This town is situated on a plateau. [...] It is divided into three quarters, one of which was once surrounded by a wall flanked with small towers. This wall is now in great part destroyed, having been overthrown in a siege sustained some years ago during a revolt against the Caimacam of Nablus". In 1870/1871, an Ottoman census listed the village in the nahiye of al-Sha'rawiyya al-Sharqiyya.

In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Arraba as "a very large village on the south slope of a ridge, the northern houses on high ground. There is a small mosque in the centre, and one or two large buildings, including the Sheikh's house. The water supply is entirely from wells within the village, and on the road-side towards the north. There is a ridge of very barren rock between the village on the south and the plain (Merj 'Arrabeh) on the north. Scattered olives grow round the village, but the immediate neighbourhood is very bare. The villagers are turbulent and rich, owning very fine lands in the northern plain." In 1913-14 the Ottomans built a section of the Jezreel Valley railway (itself a branch of the now-defunct Hejaz railway) that passed through Arraba and ended in Nablus.

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Arraba had a population of 2,196, all Muslim. In the 1931 census it had increased to a population of 2,500, still all Muslim, in 554 inhabited houses. In the 1945 statistics the population was 3,810 Muslims with 39,901 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey. five dunams were used for citrus or bananas, 3,568 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 23,357 dunams for cereals, while 315 dunams were built-up (urban) land.

Jordanian era

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Arraba came under Jordanian rule. It was annexed by Jordan in 1950.

In 1961, the population of Arraba was 4,865.

Post-1967

Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Arraba, like the rest of the West Bank, has been under Israeli military occupation.

Holy Sites

The holy tomb of ash-Sheikh 'Arabil is located within a cave under the minbar of the town's central mosque, constructed in 1819 by Hussein 'Abd al-Hadi. Before the mosque's construction, the location was identified as "Nabi Allah A'arabil" in the land known as Hakurat A'arabil, as recorded by early 19th century Ottoman records. Al-Nabulsi, visiting in 1690 and referring to the site as "a-Nebi A'arabl," recorded that he was a descendant of Jacob and mentioned an ornate structure with a remarkable dome present at the time. The name 'Arabil is speculated to be a variation of Reuben, Jacob's son, known in some places as Rubil, while Ihsan al-Nimer referred to him as "'Arabim." This saint is celebrated for miraculous deeds, and according to one tradition, Arraba is named after him.

Gallery

File:PAL AUTH - OSLO B - Rubber postmark - ARRABA 1.JPG|Rubber postmark of Arraba File:البلد القديمة .jpg|The old center File:טייסי הפלמח 1 - מצילומי האוויר של המחלקה-ערבה - מצילומי האוויר של המחלקה-ערבה-146328.jpg

Notable residents

• Husayn Abd al-Hadi, d. 1835, powerful rural chief and governor of Sidon
• Sami Taha, 1916–1947, labor leader in British Mandatory Palestine
• Abu Ali Mustafa, 1938–2001, secretary-general of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
• Hasan Abu-Libdeh, b. 1954, statistician and Palestinian Authority official
• Khader Adnan, 1978–2023, Palestinian Islamic Jihad activist who died after hunger strike in Israeli prison

Notes

References

Bibliography

References

1. (February 2018). "Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017". [[State of Palestine]].
2. Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/179/mode/1up 179]
3. Zertal, 1984, pp. 72-76, 112-114, 133-136
4. Zertal, 2016, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=XytzCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA377 377]-379
5. During the [[Crusader states. Crusader]] period, Arraba appears as one of the settlements marking the eastern boundary of the [[Caesarea Maritima
6. Grossman, D. (1986). "Oscillations in the Rural Settlement of Samaria and Judaea in the Ottoman Period". in ''Shomron studies''. [in Hebrew] Dar, S., Safrai, S., (eds). Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House. p. 349
7. "Daftar mufaṣṣal nāḥiyat Marj Banī ʻĀmir wa-tawābiʻihā wa-lawāḥiqihā allatī kānat fī taṣarruf al-Amīr Ṭarah Bāy sanat 945 ah". Jordanian University.
8. (2023). "Lajjun: Forgotten Provincial Capital in Ottoman Palestine". Levant.
9. Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 128. Note typo in grid number, see talk.
10. Stephan, 1938, p. 88, cited in Zertal, 2016, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=XytzCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA378 378]
11. Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 3, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/n167/mode/1up 150]
12. Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 3, 2nd Appendix, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/129/mode/1up 129]
13. Lesch, Ann M.; "[http://www.answers.com/topic/abd-al-hadi-family Abd al-Hadi Family]," ''Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa.''
14. Doumani, 1995, Chapter: Egyptian rule, 1831-1840.
15. Schölch, 1993, pp. 211-227
16. Rogers, 1865, p. [https://archive.org/stream/domesticlifeinpa00rogerich#page/236/mode/1up 236] ff
17. Poujoulat, 1861, p. [https://archive.org/stream/lavritsurlasyri00poujgoog#page/n302/mode/1up 291] ff: on Mahmoud Abd al-Hadi, exiled in Beirut
18. Guérin, 1875, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr04gugoog#page/n243/mode/1up 218] ff, as translated by Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/154/mode/1up 154]. Guérin also wrote: "Arrabeh has certainly succeeded an ancient town of which no mention is anywhere made. Probably it bore the name of the present town. There still remain [[cistern]]s cut in the rock, and a great many cut stones built up in modern houses. Before the Mohammedan conquest a church stood here, from the materials of which a mosque has been erected. This is now, in its turn, falling into ruins. We remarked above the entrance a beautiful monolithic [[lintel]] in white marble, in the middle of which was formerly engraved a cross with equal branches, which the Moslems have chipped out. It occupied the middle of a rectangle flanked by two triangles, one on either side, all three framed in a kind of rectangular cartouche. The lintel is alone sufficient to fix the date of the church at the period assigned by me. The church was decorated internally with columns having [[Corinthian order. Corinthian]] capitals, and [[Fluting (architecture). fluting]] half spiral, half vertical. Some fragments of the shafts still remain in the mosque, together with a beautiful piece of frieze formerly sculptured with interlaced links."
19. Grossman, David. (2004). "Arab Demography and Early Jewish Settlement in Palestine". Magnes Press.
20. Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/154/mode/1up 154]
21. Gilbar, 1990, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=sdYUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA197 197]
22. Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Jenin, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n31/mode/1up 29]
23. Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 67]
24. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p16.jpg 16] {{Webarchive. link. (2018-09-05)
25. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Jinin/Page-054.jpg 54]
26. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Jinin/Page-098.jpg 98]
27. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Jinin/Page-148.jpg 148]
28. Government of Jordan, 1964, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensusPages/JordanCensus1961-p13.pdf 13]
29. Tal, Uri. (2023). "Muslim Shrines in Eretz Israel: History, Religion, Traditions, Folklore". Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi.