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Apollo asteroid
Group of near-Earth asteroids
Group of near-Earth asteroids
The Apollo asteroids are a group of near-Earth asteroids named after 1862 Apollo, discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth in the 1930s. They are Earth-crossing asteroids that have an orbital semi-major axis greater than that of the Earth (a 1 AU) but perihelion distances less than the Earth's aphelion distance (q
, the number of known Apollo asteroids is 21,083, making the class the largest group of near-Earth objects (cf. the Aten, Amor and Atira asteroids), of which 1,742 are numbered (asteroids are not numbered until they have been observed at two or more oppositions), 81 are named, and 2,130 are identified as potentially hazardous asteroids.
The closer their semi-major axis is to Earth's, the less eccentricity is needed for the orbits to cross. The Chelyabinsk meteor, that exploded over the city of Chelyabinsk in the southern Urals region of Russia on February 15, 2013, injuring an estimated 1,500 people with flying glass from broken windows, was an Apollo-class asteroid.
Apollo asteroids are generally named after Greek deities.
List
The largest known Apollo asteroid is 1866 Sisyphus, with a diameter of about 8.5 km. Examples of known Apollo asteroids include:
| Designation | Year | Discoverer/First observed{{efn | A discoverer is determined by the MPC when the object is numbered. For unnumbered bodies, the table gives the "first observer". | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | Zwicky Transient Facility | |||
| 2024 | ATLAS-SAAO | |||
| 2019 | ATLAS-HKO | |||
| 2016 | NEOWISE | |||
| 2014 | CSS | |||
| 2013 | CSS | |||
| 2013 | CSS | |||
| 2011 | LINEAR | |||
| 2011 | CSS–Mount Lemmon Survey | |||
| 2010 | LINEAR | |||
| 2009 | CSS | |||
| 2009 | Siding Spring Observatory, Australia | |||
| 2008 | LINEAR | |||
| 2008 | CSS | |||
| 2008 | CSS–Mount Lemmon Survey | |||
| 2007 | CSS | |||
| 2007 | CSS | |||
| 2007 | CSS | |||
| 2007 | CSS–Mount Lemmon Survey | |||
| 2006 | Spacewatch | |||
| 2006 | LINEAR | |||
| 2006 | Spacewatch | |||
| 2005 | R. S. McMillan, Steward Observatory, Kitt Peak, USA | |||
| 2005 | Mount Lemmon Survey | |||
| 2005 | LONEOS | |||
| 2004 | LINEAR | |||
| 2004 | LINEAR | |||
| 2004 | LINEAR | |||
| 2004 | LINEAR | |||
| 2003 | James Whitney Young | |||
| 2003 | James Whitney Young | |||
| 2002 | LINEAR | |||
| 2002 | LINEAR | |||
| [54509 YORP](54509-yorp) | 2000 | LINEAR | ||
| [162173 Ryugu](162173-ryugu) | 1999 | LINEAR | ||
| 1999 | LINEAR | |||
| [101955 Bennu](101955-bennu) | 1999 | LINEAR (Bennu is the target of the OSIRIS-REx mission) | ||
| 1998 | Spacewatch | |||
| 1997 | LINEAR | |||
| [65803 Didymos](65803-didymos) | 1996 | Spacewatch | ||
| [69230 Hermes](69230-hermes) | 1937 | Karl Reinmuth | ||
| 1999 | LINEAR | |||
| 1998 | LINEAR | |||
| 1997 | Spacewatch | |||
| [25143 Itokawa](25143-itokawa) | 1998 | LINEAR | ||
| [(136617) 1994 CC](136617-1994-cc) | 1994 | Spacewatch | ||
| 1996 | R. H. McNaught, Siding Spring Observatory, Australia | |||
| [6489 Golevka](6489-golevka) | 1991 | Eleanor F. Helin | ||
| [4769 Castalia](4769-castalia) | 1989 | Eleanor F. Helin | ||
| [4660 Nereus](4660-nereus) | 1982 | Eleanor F. Helin | ||
| [4581 Asclepius](4581-asclepius) | 1989 | Henry E. Holt, Norman G. Thomas | ||
| [4486 Mithra](4486-mithra) | 1987 | Eric Elst, Vladimir Shkodrov | ||
| [14827 Hypnos](14827-hypnos) | 1986 | Carolyn S. Shoemaker, Eugene Merle Shoemaker | ||
| [4197 Morpheus](4197-morpheus) | 1982 | Eleanor F. Helin, Eugene Merle Shoemaker | ||
| [4183 Cuno](4183-cuno) | 1959 | Cuno Hoffmeister | ||
| [4179 Toutatis](4179-toutatis) | 1989 | Christian Pollas | ||
| [4015 Wilson–Harrington](4015-wilson-harrington) | 1979 | Eleanor F. Helin | ||
| [3200 Phaethon](3200-phaethon) | 1983 | Simon F. Green, John K.Davies / IRAS | ||
| [2063 Bacchus](2063-bacchus) | 1977 | Charles T. Kowal | ||
| [1866 Sisyphus](1866-sisyphus) | 1972 | Paul Wild | ||
| [1620 Geographos](1620-geographos) | 1951 | Albert George Wilson, Rudolph Minkowski | ||
| [(29075) 1950 DA](29075-1950-da) | 1950 | Carl A. Wirtanen | ||
| [1566 Icarus](1566-icarus) | 1949 | Walter Baade | ||
| [1685 Toro](1685-toro) | 1948 | Carl A. Wirtanen | ||
| [2101 Adonis](2101-adonis) | 1936 | Eugène Joseph Delporte | ||
| [1862 Apollo](1862-apollo) | 1932 | Karl Reinmuth |
References
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20020202160655/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/neo/groups.html |url-status = dead |archive-date = 2 February 2002 |access-date= 11 November 2016}}
|access-date = 11 November 2016 |archive-date = 20 April 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190420144548/https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2013/02/26/meteor-russia-apollo-space/1948673/ |url-status = live
|access-date = 11 November 2016 |archive-date = 13 July 2024 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240713095516/https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23213-russian-meteor-traced-to-apollo-asteroid-family/ |url-status = live
References
- "Small-Body Database Query". NASA – California Institute of Technology.
- "List of Apollo Minor Planets". Center for Astrophysics.
- Phait, Phil. (19 April 2021). "Apophis and Stargate". Bad Astronomy Newsletter.
- (2010). "The Spacewatch Project". Arizona Board of Regents.
- Weisstein. Eric. "Apollo Asteroid". Wolfram Research. link
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