From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

Annuloaortic ectasia

Field	Value
name	Annuloaortic ectasia
synonyms	Cystic medial necrosis of aorta
image	Aorta segments.svg
caption	Segments of the aorta, including the thoracic aorta, ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, suprarenal abdominal aorta, and infrarenal abdominal aorta.
field	Cardiology

Annuloaortic ectasia is characterized by pure aortic valve regurgitation and aneurysmal dilatation of the ascending aorta. Men are more likely than women to develop idiopathic annuloaortic ectasia, which usually manifests in the fourth or sixth decades of life. Additional factors that contribute to this condition include osteogenesis imperfecta, inflammatory aortic diseases, intrinsic valve disease, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, Marfan syndrome, and operated congenital heart disease.

On a gross level, there is a pear-shaped, symmetric enlargement due to proximal aortic dilation. The aortic wall dilatation at the commissural level causes the cusps to effectively shorten and prevent them from converging during systole, which results in aortic valve incompetence. The arch is typically spared from the aneurysmal process, though it may involve the entire ascending aorta. The ectatic aorta may experience dissections. Dissections of the ascending aorta are typically tiny, confined, and restricted. Aortic rupture can happen even if there is no dissection.

The term was first coined by the American heart surgeon Denton Cooley in 1961.

Signs and symptoms

Symptoms are often neurological or circulatory. Symptoms include dyspnea, respiratory distress, heart failure, atrial tachycardia, pain, cardiac tamponade, palpitations, and malaise. Aortic valve regurgitation is found in about 77% of all patients.

Treatment

For many years, the gold standard treatment for patients with aortic valve disease and aortic root aneurysms was to replace both the aortic valve and the ascending aorta with a composite graft. This also applies to patients with different levels of AI and annuloaortic ectasia, where the aortic valve may be largely preserved without any structural abnormalities.

References

"Orphanet: Familial aortic dissection".
(December 1, 2004). "Aortic valve sparing operations: basic concepts". Elsevier.
(January 1, 2016). "Vascular Pathobiology: Atherosclerosis and Large Vessel Disease". Academic Press.
(2013-12-24). "Mastery of Cardiothoracic Surgery". Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
(2005). "Annuloaortic ectasia and giant cell arteritis". Ann Thorac Surg.
(2002). "Giant cell arteritis presenting with annuloaortic ectasia". Chest.
(2007). "An autopsy case report of annuloaortic ectasia with cardiac tamponade ruptured from an aneurysm of the right Valsalva sinus". Pathol Res Pract.
(2002). "Composite graft replacement after aortic valvuloplasty in Takayasu arteritis". Ann Thorac Surg.
(2019). "Annuloaortic Ectasia and Arteritis: Clinical Features, Treatments of Choice, and Causative Relations". Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular.
(2017). "Surgical Treatment of Annuloaortic Ectasia – Replace or Repair?". Thieme Medical Publishers.

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

vascular-diseases

Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about Annuloaortic ectasia — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report