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Anadenanthera

Genus of plants

Genus of plants

Anadenanthera is a genus of South American trees in the Legume family, Fabaceae. The genus contains two species, A. colubrina and A. peregrina. These trees are known to the western world primarily as sources of the hallucinogenic snuffs vilca/cebil and yopo/cohoba.

A 2024 molecular marker study of few hundred specimens sampled across Brazil and lowland Bolivia supports a four-species hypothesis (A. colubrina (Vell.) Brenan, A. macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan, A. peregrina (L.) Speg., and A. falcata (Benth.) Speg) for the Anadenanthera genus as opposed to a two-species, four-variety hypothesis.

The main active constituent of Anadenanthera is bufotenin.

Species

  • Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan
    • Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil
    • Anadenanthera colubrina var. colubrina
  • Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg.
    • Anadenanthera peregrina var. falcata
    • Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina

Chemical compounds

Chemical compounds contained in Anadenanthera include:

  • 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, bark
  • Serotonin
  • N-Methylserotonin
  • 5-Methoxy-N-methyltryptamine, bark
  • Bufotenin, seeds, bark
  • Bufotenine N-oxide, seeds
  • N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, seeds, pods, bark
  • N,N-Dimethyltryptamine-N-oxide, Seeds
  • N-Methyltryptamine, bark
  • 2-Methyl-6-methoxy-1,2,3-tetrahydro-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole
  • 2-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole
  • 1,2-Dimethyl-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole

References

Notes

General references

  • Constantino Torres - Anadenanthera: Visionary Plant of South America (2006)
  • Jonathan Ott - Shamanic Snuffs or Entheogenic Errhines (2001)
  • Richard Evans Schultes - Plants of the Gods (1992)
  • Patricia J. Knobloch - Wari Ritual Power at Conchopata: An Interpretation of Anadenanthera Colubrina Iconography. Latin American Antiquity 11(4), 2000, pp. 387–402.
  • Lycaeum Leda Anadenanthera
  • Juan P. Ogalde, Bernardo T. Arriaza, and Elia C. Soto - Uso de plantas psicoactivas en el north de Chile: evidencia química del consumo de ayahuasca durante el periodo medio (500-1000 d.C.). Latin American Antiquity 21(4), 2010, pp 441–450.

References

  1. [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:296601-2 ''Anadenanthera'' Speg.] ''[[Plants of the World Online]]''. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  2. (2024). "Unlocking the secret diversity of Anadenanthera: insights from molecular genetics of four evolving species". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.
  3. (2001). "Pharmañopo-psychonautics: human intranasal, sublingual, intrarectal, pulmonary and oral pharmacology of bufotenine". J Psychoactive Drugs.
  4. (2001). "Shamanic Snuffs or Entheogenic Errhines". Entheobotanica.
  5. (5 July 2023). "Introduction to the chemistry and pharmacology of psychedelic drugs". Australian Journal of Chemistry.
  6. (April 7, 2006). "Anadenanthera: Visionary Plant of Ancient South America". Psychology Press.
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anadenanthera flora-of-southern-america psychedelic-tryptamine-carriers entheogens herbal-and-fungal-hallucinogens taxa-named-by-carlo-luigi-spegazzini fabaceae-genera
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