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Alpha amylase inhibitor

Field	Value
Symbol	A_amylase_inhib
Name	A_amylase_inhib
image	PDB 1hoe EBI.jpg
caption	crystal structure determination, refinement and the molecular model of the alpha-amylase inhibitor hoe-467a
Pfam	PF01356
InterPro	IPR000833
SCOP	1hoe

In molecular biology, alpha-amylase inhibitor (or α-...) is a protein family which inhibits mammalian alpha-amylases specifically, by forming a tight stoichiometric 1:1 complex with alpha-amylase. This family of inhibitors has no action on plant and microbial alpha amylases.

They are found in raw plants/herbs such as cinnamon and bacteria (containing the inhibitor acarbose).

A crystal structure has been determined for tendamistat, the 74-amino acid inhibitor produced by Streptomyces tendae that targets a wide range of mammalian alpha-amylases. The binding of tendamistat to alpha-amylase leads to the steric blockage of the active site of the enzyme. The crystal structure of tendamistat revealed an immunoglobulin-like fold that could potentially adopt multiple conformations. Such molecular flexibility could enable an induced-fit type of binding that would both optimise binding and allow broad target specificity.

Clinical use

The intake of a single dose of alpha-amylase inhibitor before a meal containing complex carbohydrates clearly suppresses the glucose spike and may decrease the postprandial hyperglycemia (higher than 140 mg/dL; 7.8 mmol/L) in patients with type II diabetes. This ability is observed in the native/raw state of the alpha-amylase inhibitor; however, its consumption inside a meal that undergo heating (baking, frying or cooking/boiling) is expected to blunt its property to decrease the activity of carbohydrate digesting enzymes.

Formulation

The benefits of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors on health were shown to be stronger when the powder is consumed orally dissolved in water as a beverage in comparison to its intake as ordinary hard gelatin capsules.

References

(2024-10-09). "Suppression of the postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes by a raw medicinal herb powder is weakened when consumed in ordinary hard gelatin capsules: A randomized crossover clinical trial". PLOS ONE.
(December 2019). "Cinnamon Shows Antidiabetic Properties that Are Species-Specific: Effects on Enzyme Activity Inhibition and Starch Digestion". Plant Foods for Human Nutrition.
(October 2003). "Structure of the alpha-amylase inhibitor tendamistat at 0.93 A". Acta Crystallogr. D.
(September 1993). "Effect of heat treatments on alpha-amylase inhibitor activity in sorghum (Sorghum bicolour L.)". Plant Foods for Human Nutrition.

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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