9th Infantry Division (South Korea)

History

Korean War

The 9th Division was hastily created in late 1950 during the Korean War and operated in the mountainous terrain of Seoraksan and Odaesan in the northeast, not far from the 38th parallel. The North Korean II Corps cut it off in late 1950 and the Division suffered heavy casualties.

During October 1952, all three 9th Division regiments, the 28th, 29th and 30th (12,000 men) held Hill 395, northwest of Cheorwon, South Korea, known as White Horse Hill. The Division prepared for a Chinese assault. A captured North Korean officer who knew of the impending attack and did not want to be in the fight betrayed his comrades and told the ROKs about it. Many support units helped the 9th Division, but at the end of the day, it was the 9th Division pitted squarely against the Chinese 38th Army. The 9th Division was renamed after the Battle of White Horse Hill and is known as the White Horse Division.

Three 9th Division men received the US Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) for their service in the Battle of White Horse Mountain, near Chatkol. The DSC is the second highest military decoration of the United States Army, awarded for extreme gallantry and risk of life in combat with an armed enemy force. The ROK recipients were Major General Kim Chon O, 9th Division; 2nd Lt. Chung Nak Koo, 11th Co., 28th Regiment; and Sergeant Kim Man Su, 9th Co., 29th Regiment.

Vietnam War

The 9th Division arrived in Vietnam between 5 September and 8 October 1966 and was positioned in the Ninh Hòa District at the junction of Route 1 and Route 21. The 28th Regiment was stationed in the Tuy Hòa area, the 29th Regiment at the division headquarters at Ninh Hòa Base and the 30th Regiment on the mainland side to protect Cam Ranh Bay. With these three areas under control, the 9th Division could control Route 1 and the population along that main road all the way from Tuy Hoa down to Phan Rang, from Tuy Hòa north to Qui Nhơn, and as far north of that city as the foothills of the mountains in southern Bình Định Province.

Significant operations and actions involving the Division include:

• Operation Ma Doo I (마두1호 작전): an operation by the 28th Regiment in Phú Yên Province from 21 January to 7 February 1967 results in ROK claims of 160 People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) killed and 167 weapons captured
• Operation Baek Ma I (백마1호 작전): a search and destroy operation in Khánh Hòa Province by the 29th and 30th Regiments from 29 to 31 January 1967 results in ROK claims of 390 PAVN killed and 302 weapons captured for no friendly losses
• (오작교 작전): to link up the Division's tactical area of responsibility with the Capital Division in Phú Yên Province from 8 March to 18 April 1967 results in ROK claims of 831 Vietcong (VC) killed and 659 weapons captured for the loss of 23 ROK
• Operation Hong Kil Dong (홍길동 작전): with the Capital Division in Tuy Hòa Province from 9 July to 21 August 1967, ROK claiming 638 PAVN killed for the loss of 26 ROK. 98 crew-served and 359 individual weapons were captured

Commanders during Vietnam War

• Maj. Gen. Yi So-dong
• Maj. Gen.Cho Chun-sung

Order of battle during Vietnam War

• 9th Infantry Division
  • Armored Company
  • Direct Control Company
  • Reconnaissance Company
  • Engineering Battalion
  • 30th Field Artillery Battalion
  • 51st Field Artillery Battalion
  • 52nd Field Artillery Battalion
  • 966th Field Artillery Battalion
  • 28th Infantry Regiment
  • 29th Infantry Regiment (Commanded by future ROK President Chun Doo-hwan, 1970-71.)
  • 30th Infantry Regiment

Unit statistics for the Vietnam War

Coup d'état of December Twelfth

In 1979, the 9th Division was involved in the Coup d'état of December Twelfth, when its commander, Major General Roh Tae-Woo led the unit to Seoul without orders, away from its normal position near the DMZ, and supported the take-over of the South Korean government by Lt. General Chun Doo Hwan.

Current order of battle

• Headquarters:
  • Headquarters Company
  • Intelligence Company
  • Air Defense Company
  • Reconnaissance Battalion
  • Engineer Battalion
  • Armored Battalion
  • Signal Battalion
  • Support Battalion
  • Military Police Battalion
  • Medical Battalion
  • Chemical Battalion
• 28th Infantry Brigade (equipped with K808 APCs)
• 29th Infantry Brigade (equipped with K808 APCs)
• 30th Infantry Brigade (equipped with K808 APCs)
• Artillery Brigade (equipped with K9 SPHs)

References

References

1. (July 12, 2006). "ROK Army and Marines prove to be rock-solid fighters and allies in Vietnam War".
2. (1985). "Allied Participation in Vietnam". Department of the Army.
3. "MACV Review of Events, February 1967".
4. "MACV Review of Events, January 1967".
5. Rasmussen, Maj. Ronald R.. (January 1968). "ROK Operations in Central Vietnam".
6. "MACV Review of Events, July 1967".
7. Yang Nak-gyu. (2020-12-25). "한국형 스트라이커 여단의 핵심 장갑차 'K808'".
8. "2019 부처 간 협력 문화예술교육 지원사업(군부대) 운영단체-교육시설 목록".