8th Light Horse Regiment (Australia)

Formation

The 8th Light Horse Regiment was raised at Victoria in September 1914, originally as the 6th Light Horse Regiment, but following a reorganisation in October was renumbered the 8th Regiment, Each troop was divided into eight sections, of four men each. In action one man of each section, was nominated as a horse holder reducing the regiments rifle strength by a quarter. Once formed the regiment was assigned to the 3rd Light Horse Brigade, serving alongside the 9th and 10th Light Horse Regiments.

All Australian Light Horse regiments used cavalry unit designations, but were mounted rifles armed with rifles, not swords or lances, and mounted exclusively on the Australian Waler horse.

Operational history

Gallipoli

In December 1914, the 8th Light Horse Regiment left Sydney for Egypt, arriving on the 1 February 1915. The regiment were mostly used in a defensive role, until being withdrawn back to Egypt in December 1915.

Sinai and Palestine Campaign

On their arrival back in Egypt, the 3rd Light Horse Brigade was assigned to the newly raised ANZAC Mounted Division, and at first given responsibility for the defence of the Suez Canal. Following their minor role in The Jifjafa Raid, the regiment did not take part in any of the early battles in the Sinai, but were instead used to patrol the large open area of the region, until the British advance into Palestine. In December 1916, they took part in the Battle of Maghdaba. The regiment and brigade were then transferred to the Imperial Mounted Division, later renamed the Australian Mounted Division. Their next battles were the unsuccessful First and Second Battles of Gaza, then the successful Battle of Beersheba in October 1917.

With the Ottoman Empire forces in retreat, the regiment was part of the pursuit into Palestine, resulting in the capture of Jerusalem in 1917, and raid across the River Jordan in 1918, at Amman and Es Salt. The regiment then took part in the capture of Tiberias and Sa'sa' in September, and entered Damascus on 1 October.

The war in the Middle East ended shortly afterwards when the armistice of Mudros was signed in October 1918. Afterwards, the regiment returned to Egypt to assist in putting down a revolt, before sailing for Australia in July 1919. The war cost the regiment almost 200 per cent casualties, 302 killed and 675 wounded.

Perpetuation

In 1921, the decision was made to perpetuate the honours and traditions of the AIF by reorganising the units of the Citizens Force to replicate the numerical designations of their related AIF units. As a result, the 8th Light Horse was re-raised as a part-time unit based in the Indi region of northern Victoria within the 3rd Military District; in doing so, it assumed a complicated lineage. This included the 8th (Indi) Light Horse that had been formed in 1918 by the re-designation of the 16th (Indi) Light Horse. The 16th traced its existence back to the 8th Australian Light Horse Regiment (Victorian Mounted Rifles), which had been formed in 1903 as part of the amalgamation of Australia's colonial forces into the Australian Army after Federation.

The unit remained on the order of battle throughout the inter-war years, and upon the outbreak of the Second World War, the regiment formed part of the 3rd Cavalry Brigade, within the 2nd Cavalry Division. On 1 December 1941, the regiment was re-designated the 8th Reconnaissance Battalion (Indi Light Horse). It was again re-designated in July 1942, assuming the title of the 8th Divisional Cavalry Regiment.

The regiment was mobilised for war service and deployed to the Northern Territory to bolster the garrison there. It was eventually gazetted as an AIF unit in 1943, meaning that it could serve in an operational capacity outside of Australian territory if required, but was eventually deemed surplus to requirements as the Australian Army was partially demobilised in the later war years, and was disbanded in March 1944 at Watsonia, Victoria. In the post war period, the regiment was re-raised as an amalgamated unit, designated the 8th/13th Victorian Mounted Rifles, which remained in existence until 1991–92.

Commanding officers

The following officers commanded the 8th Light Horse during the First World War:

• Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Henry White (KIA)
• Lieutenant Colonel Arthur Vivian Deeble
• Lieutenant Colonel Leslie Cecil Maygar VC, DSO, VD
• Lieutenant Colonel Archibald McGibbon McLaurin
• Lieutenant Colonel Herbert James Shannon DSO

Battle honours

For its involvement in the First World War, the 8th Light Horse was awarded the following battle honours:

• Defence at ANZACSuvlaSari BairGallipoli 1915–1916Egypt 1915–1917RomaniMagdhaba-RafahGaza-BeershebaEl MugharNebi SamwillJerusalemJordan (Es Salt)MegiddoSharonPalestine 1917–1918.

References

;Citations

;Bibliography

References

1. and comprised twenty-five officers and 497 [[Other ranks (UK). other ranks]] serving in three [[squadron (army). squadrons]], each of six [[troop]]s.Gullet 1941, p. 54.
2. Horner and Williams, Chapter: Setting up the Light Horse
3. "8th Light Horse Regiment". Australian War Memorial.
4. Gullett 1941, p. 29.
5. Gullett 1941, p. 38.
6. Burness, Peter. (1990). "Australian Dictionary of Biography". Melbourne University Press.
7. Grey 2008, p. 125.
8. Festberg 1972, p. 44.
9. A unit had previously been raised with this designation when the [[8th Division (Australia). 8th Division]] had been formed; however, the decision to deploy the 8th to [[Malayan Campaign. Malaya]] and the islands to Australia's north in early to mid-1941 had resulted in that unit being deemed unnecessary for the 8th Division's establishment and it had subsequently been re-designated the [[2/9th Cavalry Commando Regiment (Australia). 9th Divisional Cavalry Regiment]] and reassigned to the [[9th Division (Australia). 9th Division]].Handel 2003, p. 148.
10. Finlayson 2012, p. 199.
11. "8 Light Horse: History". Orders of Battle.
12. Finlayson 2012, p. 323.