75th Infantry Regiment (Ranger)

History

On 1 February 1969, as part of the U.S. Army Combat Arms Regimental System (CARS), all U.S. Army Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol (LRRP) units were reorganized as the 75th Infantry Regiment (Ranger). Fifteen Ranger companies were formed from reconnaissance units in Europe and Vietnam with lineage to Merrill's Marauders (5307th Composite Unit). The firms were given the letters C through I and K through P. To avoid confusion with the similar "I" (or India) designation on typed documents, there was no "J" Ranger Company. Companies A and B were kept stateside as a strategic reserve in case they were needed overseas in Europe or the Americas.

The Ranger companies were composed of small, heavily armed long range reconnaissance teams that patrolled deep in enemy-held territory. Each independent company was attached to a separate division or brigade and acted as the eyes and ears of those units. Rangers collected intelligence, discovered enemy troop locations, surveilled trails and enemy hot spots, directed artillery and air strikes, performed bomb damage assessments, and conducted ambushes. Additionally, Rangers attempted to recover prisoners of war, capture enemy soldiers for interrogation, tap the wire communications of the North Vietnam Army and the National Liberation Front for South Vietnam (Vietcong) on the Ho Chi Minh trail, and mine enemy trails and roads.

Lineage

• Organized as 5307th Composite Unit (Provisional) on 3 October 1943 :Consolidated with the 475th Infantry and unit designated as 475th Infantry on 10 August 1944 :Inactivated on 1 July 1945

• [[File:75 RCT.png|left|thumb|137x137px|75th Regimental Combat Team SSI]]Redesignated as 75th Infantry on 21 June 1954 :Allotted to the Regular Army on 26 October 1954 :Activated on 20 November 1954 :Inactivated on 21 March 1956

• Reorganized as a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System on 1 January 1969 :Reorganized with Headquarters on 1 July 1984

• On 3 February 1986, the 75th Infantry Regiment (then consisting of Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 1st Ranger Battalion, 2nd Ranger Battalion, and 3rd Ranger Battalion) was consolidated with the former A Company, 1st Ranger Infantry Battalion (then part of HHC 7th SFG), Company A, 2nd Infantry Battalion (then part of HHC 10th SFG), and the inactive units Company A, 3rd Ranger Infantry Battalion (last part of HHC 13th SFG, inactivated in 1966), 4th Ranger Battalion, 5th Ranger Battalion and 6th Ranger Battalion; it was concurrently designated as 75th Ranger Regiment and reorganized under the Regimental System.

Organization

Vietnam War

When they were redesignated on 1 February 1969, the average TOE strength of a Ranger company was of 3 officers and 115 enlisted men, bringing the total to 118 men divided into a company headquarters, operations section, communications platoon, and two patrol platoons.

There were some exceptions though; Company C, 75th Infantry (Ranger) had a strength of 230 men divided into a company Headquarters, operations section, communications platoon, and four patrol platoons.

Companies D and H each had 198 men and Companies M, N, O, and P each had 61 men, since these four units were created from LRP detachments assigned to brigades.

Ranger Companies

Post-Vietnam reorganization

Battalions

National Guard Ranger Companies

References

References

1. "Vietnam Rangers page".
2. (27 April 2017). "Lineage and Honors 75th RANGER REGIMENT".
3. (27 April 2017). "Lineage and Honors 1st BATTALION, 75th RANGER REGIMENT".
4. (27 April 2017). "Lineage and Honors 2d BATTALION, 75th RANGER REGIMENT".
5. (28 January 2015). "Lineage and Honors 3D BATTALION, 75TH RANGER REGIMENT".
6. Bahmanyar, Mir. (April 27, 2004). "Airborne Ranger Companies (Army National Guard)".
7. Rottman, Gordon. (1987). "US ARMY RANGERS & LRRP UNITS 1942-87". Osprey Publishing.
8. "Company D (Ranger), 151st Infantry".
9. Olson, Bruce. (February 1, 1995). "Houston Light Guards".
10. Lemmer, Paul. (August 18, 2001). "The Houston Light Guard, A Narrative".