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7.5 cm KwK 40

German tank gun and anti-tank gun

Field	Value
name	7,5 cm KwK 40 (L/48)
image	Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-088-3734A-19A, Russland, Panzer IV.jpg
caption	7.5 cm KwK 40 L/48 on a Panzer IV Ausf. H
origin	Nazi Germany
type	Tank gun
is_ranged	YES
is_artillery	YES
is_vehicle
used_by	Nazi Germany
wars	World War II
designer	Rheinmetall-Borsig AG
manufacturer	Rheinmetall-Borsig AG
unit_cost	13500 RM
production_date	1942-45
weight	750 kg
part_length	361.5 cm bore (48 calibers)
cartridge	Fixed QF 75×495mm R
caliber	75 mm
rate	10–15 round per minute
velocity	750 m/s
max_range	7700 m
elevation	-10° to +20°

The 7.5 cm KwK 40 (7.5 cm Kampfwagenkanone 40) was a German 75 mm Second World War era vehicle-mounted gun, used as the primary armament of the German Panzer IV (F2 model onwards) medium tank and the Sturmgeschütz III (F model onwards) and Sturmgeschütz IV assault guns which were used as tank destroyers.

The design of the KwK 40 was adapted from the similar towed anti-tank gun, the 7.5 cm Pak 40. It replaced the 7.5 cm KwK 37 with its 24-calibre barrel, providing a huge improvement in firepower for mid-war tank designs. It came in two versions, 43 ("L/43") and 48 ("L/48") calibres long barrels, the former used during 1942 and early 1943, and the latter after that point. Along with the Pak 40, the KwK 40/StuK 40 was the most numerous anti-tank gun of the German army, and remained an effective weapon until the war's end.

History

When mounted on a casemate-armored assault gun-designated vehicle (Sturmgeschütz) instead of a turreted tank, the weapon was called Sturmkanone 40 (StuK 40). Both the KwK 40 and StuK 40 were developed from the towed 7.5 cm Pak 40 anti-tank gun. The length of the ammunition used was shortened to allow for easier storage of said ammunition in vehicles the KwK 40 and StuK 40 would be mounted on.

The KwK 40 L/43 was mounted on the Panzer IV from April 1942 until June 1943. All 225 vehicles of the Panzer IV F2 mounted the L/43 with a ball shaped muzzle brake. About a 1,000 out of the 1,687 vehicles of the Panzer IV Ausf. G mounted the L/43 with a double baffle muzzle brake. The StuG III with the L/43 gun was designated as Ausf. F. of which only 120 were equipped with the L/43 (the remaining 246 having the longer L/48 version). All StuG III production runs through Ausf. F/8 to G mounted the longer L/48. The 780 original Jagdpanzer IV tank destroyers mounted the Pak 39 variant of the L/48 gun, the later Panzer IV/70 mounted the even longer Panther-derived StuK 42 L/70.

The L/48 was 334 mm (13.1 inches) longer and slightly more powerful than the L/43. L/48 became the standard gun from June 1942 until the end of World War II. The gun was fitted with an electric firing mechanism and the breech operated semi-automatically. Only one-piece ammunition was used.

Following number of vehicles mounted L/48 version from June 1942-April 1945
- Approximately 6,000 vehicles of Ausf. G, H, J out of 8,800 Panzer IV
- 7,720 vehicles of StuG III Ausf. G + 246 of Ausf.F + 250 vehicles of StuG III Ausf. F/8
- All 1,139 vehicles of StuG IV
- 780 Jagdpanzer IV

As with the 7.5 cm Pak 40, the muzzle brake of the KwK 40 and StuK 40 went through a series of design changes. Five types of muzzle brakes were used, gradually increasing the area of exposure to the blast. The designs progressed from tubular type double baffle muzzle brakes to single baffle ball shape muzzle brakes, which proved to be insufficient in reducing recoil, followed by a double flange type from May 1943. The front flange and rear disk type was used from March 1944, followed finally by the double disc type.

Ammunition

KwK 40 used shell 75×495 mm R

Pzgr. Patr. 39 KwK 40 (Armour Piercing Capped Ballistic Cap (APCBC) High Explosive round)
- Muzzle velocity: 750 m/s
- Projectile: Panzergranate 39 (Pzgr. 39)
- Projectile weight: 6.8 kg
- Explosive filler: 18 g of RDX/wax
- Fuze: BdZ 5103 or BdZ 5103* base fuze
- Round weight: 11.52 kg
- Cartridge case height: 495 mm
- Propelling charge: 2.41 kg of Digl. R.P. G1
- Primer: electric, model C/22 or C/22 St.
Pzgr. Patr. 40 KwK 40 (Armour Piercing Composite Rigid)
- Muzzle velocity: 930 m/s
- Projectile: Panzergranate 40
- Projectile weight: 4.1 kg
- Explosive filler: none
- Fuze: none
- Round weight: 8.61 kg
- Cartridge case height: 495 mm
- Propelling charge: 2.2 kg of Gu. R.P. 7,7
- Primer: electric, model C/22 or C/22 St.
Gr. Patr. 38 HL/B KwK 40 (High-explosive anti-tank)
- Muzzle velocity: 450 m/s
- Projectile: Gr. 38 HL/B
- Projectile weight: 5 kg
- Explosive filler: 0.51 kg of RDX/wax
- Fuze: A.Z. 38 St
- Round weight: 7.36 kg
- Cartridge case height: 495 mm
- Propelling charge: 0.43 kg of Gu. Bl. P.-AO
- Primer: electric, model C/22 or C/22 St.
Gr. Patr. 38 HL/C KwK 40 (High Explosive Anti-Tank)
7.5 cm Sprgr.Patr.34 KwK 40 (High Explosive) L/48
- Muzzle velocity: 550 m/s
- Projectile: Sprgr. 34
- Projectile weight: 5.75 kg
- Explosive filler: 0.66 kg of amatol (2760 Kilojoules)
- Fuze: kl. A.Z. 23 (0,15) umg. nose fuze
- Round weight: 8.71 kg
- Cartridge case height: 495 mm
- Propelling charge: 0.755 kg of Gu. Bl. P.-AO
- Primer: electric, model C/22 or C/22 St.

Penetration comparison

Gun type	Barrel length	Ammunition type	Muzzle velocity	Penetration	100 m	500 m	1000 m	1500 m
7.5 cm KwK 37 L/24	1762.5 mm	K.Gr.Patr.rot.Pz	385 m/s	41 mm	39 mm	35 mm	33 mm	30 mm
7.5 cm StuK 40 L/43	3281 mm	Pzgr.Ptr.39	740 m/s	99 mm	91 mm	82 mm	72 mm	63 mm
7.5 cm KwK 40 L/48	3615 mm	Pzgr.Ptr.39	750 m/s	110 mm	97 mm	86 mm	75 mm	64 mm
7.5 cm KwK 40 L/48	3615 mm	Pzgr.Ptr.40	930 m/s	143 mm	120 mm	97 mm	77 mm

Gun type		rowspan=2	Ammunition type		rowspan=2	Muzzle velocity		colspan=11	Penetration	100 m
7.5 cm StuK 40 L/43	APCBC	740 m/s	133 mm	128 mm	121 mm	114 mm	107 mm	101 mm	95 mm	85 mm
7.5 cm StuK 40 L/43	APCR	920 m/s	173 mm	164 mm	151 mm	139 mm	127 mm	117 mm	108 mm	91 mm
7.5 cm KwK 40 L/48	APCBC	750 m/s	135 mm	130 mm	123 mm	116 mm	109 mm	103 mm	97 mm	86 mm
7.5 cm KwK 40 L/48	APCR	930 m/s	176 mm	167 mm	154 mm	141 mm	130 mm	119 mm	109 mm	92 mm

Usage of KwK or Pak/StuK variant

L/43

Panzer IV Ausf. F2/G
Sturmgeschütz III Ausf. F StuK 40

L/48

Panzer IV Ausf. G (Late production G's.)
Panzer IV Ausf. H/J
Sturmgeschütz III Ausf. F/8 and G StuK 40
Jagdpanzer IV Pak 39
Sturmgeschütz IV StuK 40

Notes

References

"75-77 Mm Calibre Cartridges".
(18 November 2013). "7,5 cm Kw K 40 (L/48)". Panzer World.
(16 March 1953). "German Explosive Ordnance". Departments of the Army and the Air Force.
''Sturmgeschutz & Its Variants'', Walter J. Spielberger, P67, {{ISBN. 0-88740-398-0
(2001). "WWII Ballistics: Armor and Gunnery". Overmatch Press.

Info: Wikipedia Source

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