683

Events

By place

Britain

• King Sighere of Essex dies after a 19-year joint reign. His brother Sæbbi becomes the sole ruler of Essex until his death in 694.

Arabian Empire

• Second Fitna:
  • August 26 – Battle of al-Harra: The Umayyad Caliphate defeats the rebel defenders of Medina, at a lava field northeast of the city.
  • September–November – Siege of Mecca: The Umayyad army led by Husayn ibn Numayr al-Sakuni besieges Mecca, during which the Kaaba ("Sacred House") catches fire and is burned down.
  • November 14 – Caliph Yazid I dies at Damascus, after a 3-year reign marked by civil war. He is succeeded by his son Muawiya II as ruler of the Umayyad Caliphate.

Asia

• December 27 – Emperor Gaozong dies at Luoyang, age 55, after a 34-year reign in which he expanded the Chinese Empire by acquiring Korea as a vassal state.
• Emperor Tenmu decrees a reform in Japan; copper coins must be used instead of silver coins. Three days later he issues a decree to allow the continued use of silver.
• Prince Ōtsu, son of Tenmu, starts to attend to matters of State at about this time.
• Srivijaya is founded by Sri Jayanasa in Sumatra

Mesoamerica

• K'inich Janaab' Pakal ("Pacal the Great"), ruler (ajaw) of the Maya state of Palenque (Mexico), dies after a 68-year reign. He is buried in the Temple of the Inscriptions. He is the longest-reigning monarch in the world until Louis XIV breaks that record in 1711, almost 1028 years later and remains the longest-reigning monarch in the Americas until Elizabeth II breaks that record in 2020, almost 1337 years later

By topic

Art

• Approximate date – The sarcophagus lid in the tomb of K'inich Janaab' Pakal (Shield 2), Temple of the Inscriptions, Palenque, Mexico (Maya culture) is made.

Religion

• June 28 – Pope Leo II dies at Rome 10 months after being consecrated.
• Approximate date – Seaxwulf, bishop of Mercia, founds All Saints' Church at Brixworth in England.

Births

• Bilge Khan, ruler (khagan) of the Turkic Khaganate (or 684)
• Monmu, emperor of Japan (d. 707)
• Yi Xing, Chinese astronomer and mechanical engineer (d. 727)

Deaths

• June 28 – Leo II, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 611)
• November 11 – Yazid I, Muslim caliph (b. 647)
• December 27 – Gao Zong, emperor of the Tang dynasty (b. 628)
• Æbbe, Anglo-Saxon princess and abbess
• Anseung, king of Goguryeo (Korea)
• Cui Zhiwen, official of the Tang dynasty (b. 627)
• Dúnchad Muirisci, king of Connacht (Ireland)
• K'inich Janaab' Pakal ("Pacal the Great"), ruler (ajaw) of Palenque (b. 603)
• Sighere, king of Essex
• Waningus, Frankish abbot (approximate date)
• Xue Rengui, general of the Tang dynasty (b. 614)
• Xue Yuanchao, official of the Tang dynasty (b. 622)

References

References

1. Chaney, William A.. (1970). "The Cult of Kingship in Anglo-Saxon England: The Transition from Paganism to Christianity". Manchester University Press.