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653d Bombardment Squadron

Field	Value
unit_name	653d Bombardment Squadron
image	25bg-mosquito.jpg
image_size	300
caption	de Havilland Mosquito of the [25th Bombardment Group](25th-bombardment-group)
dates	1944–1945
country
branch
role	Weather Reconnaissance
battles	European Theater of Operations
identification_symbol	[[File:653d Bombardment Squadron - Emblem.png	165px]]
identification_symbol_label	653d Bombardment Squadron emblem
identification_symbol_2	WX
identification_symbol_2_label	Fuselage Code

The 653d Bombardment Squadron is a former United States Army Air Forces unit. The squadron assumed the personnel and equipment of a provisional unit in the summer of 1944. It carried out weather reconnaissance missions from England for the remainder of World War II. Following V-E Day, the squadron returned to the port of embarkation at Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, where it was inactivated on 19 December 1945.

History

Background

Weather reconnaissance for VIII Bomber Command prior to March 1944 was provided on an ad hoc basis. The 18th Weather Squadron, which provided the command with weather observation and forecasting services through detachments located on each of the command's bases, detailed observers who flew on aircraft of various heavy bomber groups of the command. Rather than continuing to rely on individual bombardment units to perform this mission, on 22 March 1944, Eighth Air Force formed the 8th Reconnaissance Group (Provisional) at RAF Cheddington. On 30 March, the unit was redesignated the 802d Reconnaissance Group, Special (Provisional) and in April, the group moved to RAF Watton. The group's operational element was the 8th Reconnaissance Squadron (Provisional), which had been organized on 23 March 1944.

Operations

On 9 August 1944, the 802d Group was discontinued and its mission was transferred to the regular 25th Bombardment Group with three operational squadrons. The 653d was equipped with de Havilland Mosquitos. The 653d mission focused on flights over the continent of Europe to observe weather conditions over target areas in advance of attacking bomber forces. This occasionally included last minute "scout" flights to determine whether targets were open to visual attack. The speed of the Mosquito provided it a certain amount of protection from enemy fighters, but shortly after the squadron was activated, it began to receive opposition from Messerschmitt Me 262 Schwalbe jet fighters and its reconnaissance missions began to operate with friendly fighter cover.

Following V-E Day, the 25th Group returned to the United States for inactivation. However, the squadron remained in Europe and continued to fly weather missions through September 1945. The squadron returned to the United States in December and was inactivated at the port of embarkation.

Lineage

Constituted as the 653d Bombardment Squadron, Heavy, Weather Reconnaissance on 17 July 1944 : Activated on 9 August 1944 : Inactivated on 19 December 1945

Assignments

25th Bombardment Group, 9 August 1944
1st Air Division, 13 July 1945
3d Air Division, 25 August 1945
1st Air Division, 1 September 1945 (attached to 325th Reconnaissance Wing after 4 September 1945)
3d Air Division, 12 October 1945
VIII Fighter Command, 1 November–19 December 1945

Stations

RAF Watton, England (Station 376), 9 August 1944
RAF Chalgrove (Station 465), England, 5 August 1945
Hitcham Air Depot (Station 470), England, 15 October–December 1945
Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, 17–19 December 1945

Aircraft

Consolidated B-24 Liberator, 1944
Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, 1944
de Havilland Mosquito PR Mk. XVI, 1944–1945

Campaigns

Campaign Streamer	Campaign	Dates	Notes
[[Image:Streamer EAMEC.PNG	200px]]	Air Combat, EAME Theater	9 August 1944 – 11 May 1945
[[Image:Streamer EAMEC.PNG	200px]]	Northern France	9 August 1944 – 14 September 1944
[[Image:Streamer EAMEC.PNG	200px]]	Rhineland	15 September 1944 – 21 March 1945
[[Image:Streamer EAMEC.PNG	200px]]	Ardennes-Alsace	16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945
[[Image:Streamer EAMEC.PNG	200px]]	Central Europe	9 August 1944 – 21 May 1945

References

Notes

; Explanatory notes

; Citations

Bibliography

References

Maurer, ''Combat Squadrons'', p. 696
Freeman, p. 294
Freeman, p. 240
Maurer, ''Combat Units'', p. 76-77
Freeman, p. 200
(5 October 2007). "Factsheet 325 Air Division, Reconnaissance". Air Force Historical Research Agency.
Assignment information in Maurer, ''Combat Squadrons'', p. 696, except as noted.
Station number in Anderson.
Station information in Maurer, ''Combat Squadrons'', p. 696, except as noted.

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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