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6-Nonenal

(E)-Non-6-enal

6-Nonenal is an organic compound with the formula C2H5CH=CH(CH2)4CHO. Other isomeric nonenal compounds are also known to exist naturally, e.g. 2-nonenal. The cis-isomer of 6-nonenal is often listed as the principal component in the aromas of muskmelon fruits. The trans-isomer is listed as an off-flavor aroma of milk foams, and thought to be a possible polypropylene odorant.

Biosynthesis

6-Nonenal is thought to be biosynthesized from γ-lineolenic acid catalyzed by a lipoxygenase. The lipoxygenase converts alkene groups into hydroperoxides, which cleave by hydroperoxide lyase into the corresponding cis-aldehydes. Consistent with this mechanism, the odor of muskmelons requires exposure to air. In the ripe, unmodified muskmelon, cis-6-nonenal exists in only low concentration. A steep increase in the concentration of 6-nonenal is noticed when the cells are lysed and exposed to air. This increase is attributed to rapid formation of hydroperoxides. Trans,cis-2,6-nonadienal is a related fragrance that arises via a similar pathway.

Laboratory synthesis

Either geometric isomer of this compound may be prepared by preparing by brominating 5-octene-1-ol, then preparing the appropriate Grignard reagent. Triethyl orthoformate is treated with this Grignard reagent, then hydrolyzed to give 6-nonenal.

References

References

  1. Hong, S.J.. (2011). "Aroma Volatile Changes of Netted Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) Fruit during Developmental Stages". J. Hort. Environ. Biotechnol..
  2. Allen, C.A.. (1969). "6-trans-Nonenal: an off-flavor component of foam spray-dried milks". Journal of Dairy Science.
  3. Haar, N.. (2012). "Combining different analytical approaches to identify odor formation mechanisms in polyethylene and polypropylene". J. Anal. Bioanal. Chem..
  4. Harada, T.. (1975). "Biosynthetic Pathway of Cucumber Alcohol: trans-2,cis-6-nonadienol via cis-3,cis-6-nonadienal". Phytochemistry.
  5. Seifert, R.M.. (1981). "Synthesis, Spectra, Odor Properties, and Structural Relationship of (Z)-6-Nonenal and (Z)-5-Octen-l-ol to Fruit Fly Attractants". J. Agric. Food Chem..
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fatty-aldehydes alkenals
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