51st United States Congress

Major events

Main article: 1889 in the United States, 1890 in the United States, 1891 in the United States

• March 4, 1889: Benjamin Harrison became President of the United States
• December 29, 1890: Wounded Knee Massacre

Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation#51st United States Congress

It was responsible for a number of pieces of landmark legislation, many of which asserted the authority of the federal government.

Emboldened by their success in the elections of 1888, the Republicans enacted virtually their entire platform during their first 303-day session, including a measure that provided American Civil War veterans with generous pensions and expanded the list of eligible recipients to include noncombatants and the children of veterans. Grover Cleveland had vetoed a similar bill in 1887. It was criticized as the "Billion Dollar Congress'" for its lavish spending and, for this reason it incited drastic reversals in public support that led to Cleveland's reelection in 1892.

Other important legislation passed into law by the Congress included the McKinley tariff, authored by Representative, and future President, William McKinley; the Sherman Antitrust Act, which prohibited business combinations that restricted trade; and the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, which required the U.S. government to mint silver. The last two were concessions to Western farmer interests in exchange for support of the tariff and would become central tenets of the Populist Party later in the decade. They were authored by Senator John Sherman.

The Fifty-first Congress was also responsible for passing the Land Revision Act of 1891, which created the national forests. Harrison authorized America's first forest reserve in Yellowstone, Wyoming, the same year.

Other bills were discussed but failed to pass, including two significant pieces of legislation focused on ensuring African Americans the right to vote. Henry Cabot Lodge sponsored a so-called Lodge Bill that would have established federal supervision of Congressional elections so as to prevent the disfranchisement of southern blacks. Henry W. Blair sponsored the Blair Education Bill, which advocated the use of federal aid for education in order to frustrate southern whites employing literacy tests to prevent blacks from registering to vote.

• June 27, 1890: Dependent Pension Act
• July 2, 1890: Sherman Antitrust Act, ch. 647,
• July 14, 1890: Sherman Silver Purchase Act, ch. 708,
• August 30, 1890: Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act
• October 1, 1890: McKinley Tariff, ch. 1244,
• March 3, 1891: Forest Reserve Act of 1891
• March 3, 1891: Land Revision Act of 1891
• March 3, 1891: Immigration Act of 1891
• March 3, 1891: Merchant Marine Act of 1891
• March 3, 1891: International Copyright Act (The Chace Act)

States admitted and territories organized

• November 2, 1889: North Dakota and South Dakota were admitted as the 39th and 40th states.
• November 8, 1889: Montana was admitted as the 41st state.
• November 11, 1889: Washington was admitted as the 42nd state.
• May 2, 1890: Oklahoma Territory was organized.
• July 3, 1890: Idaho was admitted as the 43rd state.
• July 10, 1890: Wyoming was admitted as the 44th state.

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of this Congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Six new states were admitted during this Congress, and their senators and representatives were elected throughout the Congress.

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate

• President: Levi P. Morton (R)
• President pro tempore: John J. Ingalls (R), elected March 7, 1889
  • Charles F. Manderson (R), elected March 2, 1891
• Republican Conference Chairman: George F. Edmunds
• Democratic Caucus Chairman: James B. Beck, until May 3, 1890
  • Arthur P. Gorman, afterwards

House of Representatives

• Speaker: Thomas B. Reed (R)
• Republican Conference Chairman: Thomas J. Henderson
• Democratic Caucus Chairman: William S. Holman
• Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: James T. Jones

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.

:Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Main article: List of United States senators in the 51st Congress

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1892; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1894; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1890.

[[List of United States senators from Alabama|Alabama]]

: 2. John T. Morgan (D) : 3. James L. Pugh (D)

[[List of United States senators from Arkansas|Arkansas]]

: 2. James H. Berry (D) : 3. James K. Jones (D)

[[List of United States senators from California|California]]

: 1. George Hearst (D), until February 28, 1891 : 3. Leland Stanford (R)

[[List of United States senators from Colorado|Colorado]]

: 2. Edward O. Wolcott (R) : 3. Henry M. Teller (R)

[[List of United States senators from Connecticut|Connecticut]]

: 1. Joseph R. Hawley (R) : 3. Orville H. Platt (R)

[[List of United States senators from Delaware|Delaware]]

: 1. George Gray (D) : 2. Anthony Higgins (R)

[[List of United States senators from Florida|Florida]]

: 1. Samuel Pasco (D) : 3. Wilkinson Call (D)

[[List of United States senators from Georgia|Georgia]]

: 2. Alfred H. Colquitt (D) : 3. Joseph E. Brown (D)

[[List of United States senators from Idaho|Idaho]]

: 2. George L. Shoup (R), from December 18, 1890 : 3. William J. McConnell (R), from December 18, 1890

[[List of United States senators from Illinois|Illinois]]

: 2. Shelby M. Cullom (R) : 3. Charles B. Farwell (R)

[[List of United States senators from Indiana|Indiana]]

: 1. David Turpie (D) : 3. Daniel W. Voorhees (D)

[[List of United States senators from Iowa|Iowa]]

: 2. James F. Wilson (R) : 3. William B. Allison (R)

[[List of United States senators from Kansas|Kansas]]

: 2. Preston B. Plumb (R) : 3. John J. Ingalls (R)

[[List of United States senators from Kentucky|Kentucky]]

: 2. James B. Beck (D), until May 3, 1890 :: John G. Carlisle (D), from May 26, 1890 : 3. Joseph C. S. Blackburn (D)

[[List of United States senators from Louisiana|Louisiana]]

: 2. Randall L. Gibson (D) : 3. James B. Eustis (D)

[[List of United States senators from Maine|Maine]]

: 1. Eugene Hale (R) : 2. William P. Frye (R)

[[List of United States senators from Maryland|Maryland]]

: 1. Arthur Pue Gorman (D) : 3. Ephraim K. Wilson II (D), until February 24, 1891

[[List of United States senators from Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]

: 1. Henry L. Dawes (R) : 2. George F. Hoar (R)

[[List of United States senators from Michigan|Michigan]]

: 1. Francis B. Stockbridge (R) : 2. James McMillan (R)

[[List of United States senators from Minnesota|Minnesota]]

: 1. Cushman K. Davis (R) : 2. William D. Washburn (R)

[[List of United States senators from Mississippi|Mississippi]]

: 1. James Z. George (D) : 2. Edward C. Walthall (D)

[[List of United States senators from Missouri|Missouri]]

: 1. Francis Cockrell (D) : 3. George G. Vest (D)

[[List of United States senators from Montana|Montana]]

: 1. Wilbur F. Sanders (R), from January 1, 1890 : 2. Thomas C. Power (R), from January 2, 1890

[[List of United States senators from Nebraska|Nebraska]]

: 1. Algernon S. Paddock (R) : 2. Charles F. Manderson (R)

[[List of United States senators from Nevada|Nevada]]

: 1. William M. Stewart (R) : 3. John P. Jones (R)

[[List of United States senators from New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]

: 2. Gilman Marston (R), until June 18, 1889 :: William E. Chandler (R), from June 18, 1889 : 3. Henry W. Blair (R)

[[List of United States senators from New Jersey|New Jersey]]

: 1. Rufus Blodgett (D) : 2. John R. McPherson (D)

[[List of United States senators from New York|New York]]

: 1. Frank Hiscock (R) : 3. William M. Evarts (R)

[[List of United States senators from North Carolina|North Carolina]]

: 2. Matt W. Ransom (D) : 3. Zebulon B. Vance (D)

[[List of United States senators from North Dakota|North Dakota]]

: 1. Lyman R. Casey (R), from November 25, 1889 : 3. Gilbert A. Pierce (R), from November 25, 1889

[[List of United States senators from Ohio|Ohio]]

: 1. John Sherman (R) : 3. Henry B. Payne (D)

[[List of United States senators from Oregon|Oregon]]

: 2. Joseph N. Dolph (R) : 3. John H. Mitchell (R)

[[List of United States senators from Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]

: 1. Matthew S. Quay (R) : 3. J. Donald Cameron (R)

[[List of United States senators from Rhode Island|Rhode Island]]

: 1. Nelson W. Aldrich (R) : 2. Jonathan Chace (R), until April 9, 1889 :: Nathan F. Dixon III (R), from April 10, 1889

[[List of United States senators from South Carolina|South Carolina]]

: 2. Matthew C. Butler (D) : 3. Wade Hampton III (D)

[[List of United States senators from South Dakota|South Dakota]]

: 2. Richard F. Pettigrew (R), from November 2, 1889 : 3. Gideon C. Moody (R), from November 2, 1889

[[List of United States senators from Tennessee|Tennessee]]

: 1. William B. Bate (D) : 2. Isham G. Harris (D)

[[List of United States senators from Texas|Texas]]

: 1. John H. Reagan (D) : 2. Richard Coke (D)

[[List of United States senators from Vermont|Vermont]]

: 1. George F. Edmunds (R) : 3. Justin S. Morrill (R)

[[List of United States senators from Virginia|Virginia]]

: 1. John W. Daniel (D) : 2. John S. Barbour Jr. (D)

[[List of United States senators from Washington|Washington]]

: 1. John B. Allen (R), from November 20, 1889 : 3. Watson C. Squire (R), from November 20, 1889

[[List of United States senators from West Virginia|West Virginia]]

: 1. Charles J. Faulkner Jr. (D) : 2. John E. Kenna (D)

[[List of United States senators from Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]

: 1. Philetus Sawyer (R) : 3. John C. Spooner (R)

[[List of United States senators from Wyoming|Wyoming]]

: 1. Francis E. Warren (R), from November 24, 1890 : 2. Joseph M. Carey (R), from November 15, 1890

]]

House of Representatives

Main article: List of United States representatives in the 51st Congress

The names of representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

[[List of United States representatives from Alabama|Alabama]]

: . Richard H. Clarke (D) : . Hilary A. Herbert (D) : . William C. Oates (D) : . Louis W. Turpin (D), until June 4, 1890 :: John V. McDuffie (R), from June 4, 1890 : . James E. Cobb (D) : . John H. Bankhead (D) : . William H. Forney (D) : . Joseph Wheeler (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Arkansas|Arkansas]]

: . William H. Cate (D), until March 5, 1890 :: Lewis P. Featherstone (L), from March 5, 1890 : . Clifton R. Breckinridge (D), until September 5, 1890 :: Clifton R. Breckinridge (D), from November 4, 1890 : . Thomas C. McRae (D) : . John H. Rogers (D) : . Samuel W. Peel (D)

[[List of United States representatives from California|California]]

: . John J. De Haven (R), until October 1, 1890 :: Thomas J. Geary (D), from December 9, 1890 : . Marion Biggs (D) : . Joseph McKenna (R) : . William W. Morrow (R) : . Thomas J. Clunie (D) : . William Vandever (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Colorado|Colorado]]

: . Hosea Townsend (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Connecticut|Connecticut]]

: . William E. Simonds (R) : . Washington F. Willcox (D) : . Charles A. Russell (R) : . Frederick Miles (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Delaware|Delaware]]

: . John B. Penington (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Florida|Florida]]

: . Robert H. M. Davidson (D) : . Robert Bullock (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Georgia|Georgia]]

: . Rufus E. Lester (D) : . Henry G. Turner (D) : . Charles F. Crisp (D) : . Thomas W. Grimes (D) : . John D. Stewart (D) : . James H. Blount (D) : . Judson C. Clements (D) : . Henry H. Carlton (D) : . Allen D. Candler (D) : . George T. Barnes (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Idaho|Idaho]]

: . Willis Sweet (R), from October 1, 1890

[[List of United States representatives from Illinois|Illinois]]

: . Abner Taylor (R) : . Frank Lawler (D) : . William E. Mason (R) : . George E. Adams (R) : . Albert J. Hopkins (R) : . Robert R. Hitt (R) : . Thomas J. Henderson (R) : . Charles A. Hill (R) : . Lewis E. Payson (R) : . Philip S. Post (R) : . William H. Gest (R) : . Scott Wike (D) : . William M. Springer (D) : . Jonathan H. Rowell (R) : . Joseph G. Cannon (R) : . George W. Fithian (D) : . Edward Lane (D) : . William S. Forman (D) : . Richard W. Townshend (D), until March 9, 1889 :: James R. Williams (D), from December 2, 1889 : . George Washington Smith (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Indiana|Indiana]]

: . William F. Parrett (D) : . John H. O'Neall (D) : . Jason B. Brown (D) : . William S. Holman (D) : . George W. Cooper (D) : . Thomas M. Browne (R) : . William D. Bynum (D) : . Elijah V. Brookshire (D) : . Joseph B. Cheadle (R) : . William D. Owen (R) : . Augustus N. Martin (D) : . Charles A. O. McClellan (D) : . Benjamin F. Shively (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Iowa|Iowa]]

: . John H. Gear (R) : . Walter I. Hayes (D) : . David B. Henderson (R) : . Joseph H. Sweney (R) : . Daniel Kerr (R) : . John F. Lacey (R) : . Edwin H. Conger (R), until October 3, 1890 :: Edward R. Hays (R), from November 4, 1890 : . James P. Flick (R) : . Joseph R. Reed (R) : . Jonathan P. Dolliver (R) : . Isaac S. Struble (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Kansas|Kansas]]

: . Edmund N. Morrill (R) : . Edward H. Funston (R) : . Bishop W. Perkins (R) : . Thomas Ryan (R), until April 4, 1889 :: Harrison Kelley (R), from December 2, 1889 : . John A. Anderson (R) : . Erastus J. Turner (R) : . Samuel R. Peters (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Kentucky|Kentucky]]

: . William J. Stone (D) : . William T. Ellis (D) : . Isaac H. Goodnight (D) : . Alexander B. Montgomery (D) : . Asher G. Caruth (D) : . John G. Carlisle (D), until May 26, 1890 :: William W. Dickerson (D), from June 21, 1890 : . William C. P. Breckinridge (D) : . James B. McCreary (D) : . Thomas H. Paynter (D) : . John H. Wilson (R) : . Hugh F. Finley (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Louisiana|Louisiana]]

: . Theodore S. Wilkinson (D) : . Hamilton D. Coleman (R) : . Edward J. Gay (D), until May 30, 1889 :: Andrew Price (D), from December 2, 1889 : . Newton C. Blanchard (D) : . Charles J. Boatner (D) : . Samuel M. Robertson (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Maine|Maine]]

: . Thomas B. Reed (R) : . Nelson Dingley Jr. (R) : . Seth L. Milliken (R) : . Charles A. Boutelle (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Maryland|Maryland]]

: . Charles H. Gibson (D) : . Herman Stump (D) : . Henry W. Rusk (D) : . Henry J. Stockbridge Jr. (R) : . Barnes Compton (D), until March 20, 1890 :: Sydney E. Mudd (R), from March 20, 1890 : . Louis E. McComas (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]

: . Charles S. Randall (R) : . Elijah A. Morse (R) : . John F. Andrew (D) : . Joseph H. O'Neil (D) : . Nathaniel P. Banks (R) : . Henry Cabot Lodge (R) : . William Cogswell (R) : . Frederic T. Greenhalge (R) : . John W. Candler (R) : . Joseph H. Walker (R) : . Rodney Wallace (R) : . Francis W. Rockwell (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Michigan|Michigan]]

: . J. Logan Chipman (D) : . Edward P. Allen (R) : . James O'Donnell (R) : . Julius C. Burrows (R) : . Charles E. Belknap (R) : . Mark S. Brewer (R) : . Justin R. Whiting (D) : . Aaron T. Bliss (R) : . Byron M. Cutcheon (R) : . Frank W. Wheeler (R) : . Samuel M. Stephenson (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Minnesota|Minnesota]]

: . Mark H. Dunnell (R) : . John Lind (R) : . Darwin S. Hall (R) : . Samuel P. Snider (R) : . Solomon G. Comstock (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Mississippi|Mississippi]]

: . John M. Allen (D) : . James B. Morgan (D) : . Thomas C. Catchings (D) : . Clarke Lewis (D) : . Chapman L. Anderson (D) : . Thomas R. Stockdale (D) : . Charles E. Hooker (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Missouri|Missouri]]

: . William H. Hatch (D) : . Charles H. Mansur (D) : . Alexander M. Dockery (D) : . Robert P. C. Wilson (D), from December 2, 1889 : . John C. Tarsney (D) : . John T. Heard (D) : . Richard H. Norton (D) : . Frederick G. Niedringhaus (R) : . Nathan Frank (R) : . William M. Kinsey (R) : . Richard P. Bland (D) : . William J. Stone (D) : . William H. Wade (R) : . James P. Walker (D), until July 19, 1890 :: Robert H. Whitelaw (D), from November 4, 1890

[[List of United States representatives from Montana|Montana]]

: . Thomas H. Carter (R), from November 8, 1889

[[List of United States representatives from Nebraska|Nebraska]]

: . William J. Connell (R) : . James Laird (R), until August 17, 1889 :: Gilbert L. Laws (R), from December 2, 1889 : . George W. E. Dorsey (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Nevada|Nevada]]

: . Horace F. Bartine (R)

[[List of United States representatives from New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]

: . Alonzo Nute (R) : . Orren C. Moore (R)

[[List of United States representatives from New Jersey|New Jersey]]

: . Christopher A. Bergen (R) : . James Buchanan (R) : . Jacob A. Geissenhainer (D) : . Samuel Fowler (D) : . Charles D. Beckwith (R) : . Herman Lehlbach (R) : . William McAdoo (D)

[[List of United States representatives from New York|New York]]

: . James W. Covert (D) : . Felix Campbell (D) : . William C. Wallace (R) : . John M. Clancy (D) : . Thomas F. Magner (D) : . Frank T. Fitzgerald (D), until November 4, 1889 :: Charles H. Turner (D), from December 9, 1889 : . Edward J. Dunphy (D) : . John H. McCarthy (D), until January 14, 1891, vacant thereafter : . Samuel S. Cox (D), until September 10, 1889 :: Amos J. Cummings (D), from November 5, 1889 : . Francis B. Spinola (D) : . John Quinn (D) : . Roswell P. Flower (D) : . Ashbel P. Fitch (D) : . William G. Stahlnecker (D) : . Moses D. Stivers (R) : . John H. Ketcham (R) : . Charles J. Knapp (R) : . John A. Quackenbush (R) : . Charles Tracey (D) : . John Sanford (R) : . John H. Moffitt (R) : . Frederick Lansing (R) : . James S. Sherman (R) : . David Wilber (R), until April 1, 1890 :: John S. Pindar (D), from November 4, 1890 : . James J. Belden (R) : . Milton De Lano (R) : . Newton W. Nutting (R), until October 15, 1889 :: Sereno E. Payne (R), from December 2, 1889 : . Thomas S. Flood (R) : . John Raines (R) : . Charles S. Baker (R) : . John G. Sawyer (R) : . John M. Farquhar (R) : . John McClure Wiley (D) : . William G. Laidlaw (R)

[[List of United States representatives from North Carolina|North Carolina]]

: . Thomas G. Skinner (D) : . Henry P. Cheatham (R) : . Charles W. McClammy (D) : . Benjamin H. Bunn (D) : . John M. Brower (R) : . Alfred Rowland (D) : . John S. Henderson (D) : . William H. H. Cowles (D) : . Hamilton G. Ewart (R)

[[List of United States representatives from North Dakota|North Dakota]]

: . Henry C. Hansbrough (R), from November 2, 1889

[[List of United States representatives from Ohio|Ohio]]

: . Benjamin Butterworth (R) : . John A. Caldwell (R) : . Elihu S. Williams (R) : . Samuel S. Yoder (D) : . George E. Seney (D) : . Melvin M. Boothman (R) : . Henry L. Morey (R) : . Robert P. Kennedy (R) : . William C. Cooper (R) : . William E. Haynes (D) : . Albert C. Thompson (R) : . Jacob J. Pugsley (R) : . Joseph H. Outhwaite (D) : . Charles P. Wickham (R) : . Charles H. Grosvenor (R) : . James W. Owens (D) : . Joseph D. Taylor (R) : . William McKinley (R) : . Ezra B. Taylor (R) : . Martin L. Smyser (R) : . Theodore E. Burton (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Oregon|Oregon]]

: . Binger Hermann (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]

: . Henry H. Bingham (R) : . Charles O'Neill (R) : . Samuel J. Randall (D), until April 13, 1890 :: Richard Vaux (D), from May 20, 1890 : . William D. Kelley (R), until January 9, 1890 :: John E. Reyburn (R), from February 18, 1890 : . Alfred C. Harmer (R) : . Smedley Darlington (R) : . Robert M. Yardley (R) : . William Mutchler (D) : . David B. Brunner (D) : . Marriott Brosius (R) : . Joseph A. Scranton (R) : . Edwin S. Osborne (R) : . James B. Reilly (D) : . John W. Rife (R) : . Myron B. Wright (R) : . Henry C. McCormick (R) : . Charles R. Buckalew (D) : . Louis E. Atkinson (R) : . Levi Maish (D) : . Edward Scull (R) : . Samuel A. Craig (R) : . John Dalzell (R) : . Thomas M. Bayne (R) : . Joseph W. Ray (R) : . Charles C. Townsend (R) : . William C. Culbertson (R) : . Lewis F. Watson (R), until August 25, 1890 :: Charles W. Stone (R), from November 4, 1890 : . James Kerr (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Rhode Island|Rhode Island]]

: . Henry J. Spooner (R) : . Warren O. Arnold (R)

[[List of United States representatives from South Carolina|South Carolina]]

: . Samuel Dibble (D) : . George D. Tillman (D) : . James S. Cothran (D) : . William H. Perry (D) : . John J. Hemphill (D) : . George W. Dargan (D) : . William Elliott (D), until September 23, 1890 :: Thomas E. Miller (R), from September 24, 1890

[[List of United States representatives from South Dakota|South Dakota]]

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. (2 Republicans) : . Oscar S. Gifford (R), from November 2, 1889 : . John A. Pickler (R), from November 2, 1889

[[List of United States representatives from Tennessee|Tennessee]]

: . Alfred A. Taylor (R) : . Leonidas C. Houk (R) : . Henry Clay Evans (R) : . Benton McMillin (D) : . James D. Richardson (D) : . Joseph E. Washington (D) : . Washington C. Whitthorne (D) : . Benjamin A. Enloe (D) : . Rice A. Pierce (D) : . James Phelan Jr. (D), until January 30, 1891, vacant thereafter

[[List of United States representatives from Texas|Texas]]

: . Charles Stewart (D) : . William H. Martin (D) : . Constantine B. Kilgore (D) : . David B. Culberson (D) : . Silas Hare (D) : . Joseph Abbott (D) : . William H. Crain (D) : . Littleton W. Moore (D) : . Roger Q. Mills (D) : . Joseph D. Sayers (D) : . Samuel W. T. Lanham (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Vermont|Vermont]]

: . John W. Stewart (R) : . William W. Grout (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Virginia|Virginia]]

: . Thomas H. B. Browne (R) : . George E. Bowden (R) : . George D. Wise (D), until April 10, 1890 :: Edmund Waddill Jr. (R), from April 12, 1890 : . Edward C. Venable (D), until September 23, 1890 :: John M. Langston (R), from September 23, 1890 : . Posey G. Lester (D) : . Paul C. Edmunds (D) : . Charles T. O'Ferrall (D) : . William H. F. Lee (D) : . John A. Buchanan (D) : . Henry St. George Tucker III (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Washington|Washington]]

: . John L. Wilson (R), from November 20, 1889

[[List of United States representatives from West Virginia|West Virginia]]

: . John O. Pendleton (D), until February 26, 1890 :: George W. Atkinson (R), from February 26, 1890 : . William L. Wilson (D) : . John D. Alderson (D) : . James M. Jackson (D), until February 3, 1890 :: Charles B. Smith (R), from February 3, 1890

[[List of United States representatives from Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]

: . Lucien B. Caswell (R) : . Charles Barwig (D) : . Robert M. La Follette Sr. (R) : . Isaac W. Van Schaick (R) : . George H. Brickner (D) : . Charles B. Clark (R) : . Ormsby B. Thomas (R) : . Nils P. Haugen (R) : . Myron H. McCord (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Wyoming|Wyoming]]

: . Clarence D. Clark (R), from December 1, 1890

Non-voting members

: . Marcus A. Smith (D) : . George A. Mathews (R), until November 2, 1889 : . Fred Dubois (R), until July 3, 1890 : . Thomas H. Carter (R), until November 7, 1889 : . Antonio Joseph (D) : . David A. Harvey (R), from November 4, 1890 : . John T. Caine (D) : . John B. Allen (R), until November 11, 1889 : . Joseph M. Carey (R), until July 10, 1890

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

• Replacements: 3
  • Democratic: no net change
  • Republican: no net change
  • Liberal Republican: 1-seat net loss
• Deaths: 3
• Resignations: 2
• Interim appointments: 1
• Seats of newly admitted states: 12
• Total seats with changes: 17

House of Representatives

• Replacements: 16
  • Democratic: 2-seat net gain
  • Republican: 2-seat net loss
• Deaths: 11
• Resignations: 6
• Contested election:8
• Seats of newly admitted states: 7
• Total seats with changes: 33

Committees

Senate

• Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress (Select) (Chairman: Daniel W. Voorhees; Ranking Member: William M. Evarts)
• Agriculture and Forestry (Chairman: Algernon S. Paddock; Ranking Member: James Z. George)
• Appropriations (Chairman: William B. Allison; Ranking Member: Francis M. Cockrell)
• Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: John P. Jones; Ranking Member: Zebulon B. Vance)
• Canadian Relations (Select) (Chairman: George F. Hoar; Ranking Member: James L. Pugh)
• Census (Chairman: Eugene Hale; Ranking Member: James H. Berry)
• Civil Service and Retrenchment (Chairman: Edward O. Wolcott; Ranking Member: Edward C. Walthall)
• Claims (Chairman: John C. Spooner; Ranking Member: James K. Jones)
• Coast Defenses (Chairman: Joseph N. Dolph; Ranking Member: John R. McPherson)
• Commerce (Chairman: William P. Frye; Ranking Member: Matt W. Ransom)
• Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
• District of Columbia (Chairman: John J. Ingalls; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris)
• Education and Labor (Chairman: Henry W. Blair; Ranking Member: James Z. George)
• Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Francis M. Cockrell; Ranking Member: Shelby M. Cullom)
• Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Charles B. Farwell; Ranking Member: Wilbur F. Sanders)
• Epidemic Diseases (Chairman: Isham G. Harris; Ranking Member: Eugene Hale)
• Establish a University in the United States (Select) (Chairman: George F. Edmunds; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris)
• Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service (Chairman: Anthony Higgins; Ranking Member: George Gray)
• Executive Departments Methods (Select)
• Finance (Chairman: Justin S. Morrill; Ranking Member: Daniel W. Voorhees)
• Fisheries (Chairman: Francis B. Stockbridge; Ranking Member: Wade Hampton III)
• Five Civilized Tribes of Indians (Select) (Chairman: Matthew C. Butler; Ranking Member: J. Donald Cameron)
• Foreign Relations (Chairman: John Sherman; Ranking Member: John T. Morgan)
• Immigration (Chairman: William E. Chandler; Ranking Member: John R. McPherson)
• Indian Affairs (Chairman: Henry L. Dawes; Ranking Member: John T. Morgan)
• Interstate Commerce (Chairman: Shelby M. Cullom; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris)
• Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands (Select) (Chairman: William M. Stewart; Ranking Member: Edward C. Walthall)
• Judiciary (Chairman: George F. Edmunds; Ranking Member: James L. Pugh)
• Library (Chairman: William M. Evarts; Ranking Member: Daniel W. Voorhees)
• Manufactures (Chairman: James McMillan; Ranking Member: Alfred H. Colquitt)
• Military Affairs (Chairman: Joseph R. Hawley; Ranking Member: Francis M. Cockrell)
• Mines and Mining (Chairman: William M. Stewart; Ranking Member: William B. Bate)
• Mississippi River and its Tributaries (Select) (Chairman: William D. Washburn; Ranking Member: Edward C. Walthall)
• Naval Affairs (Chairman: J. Donald Cameron; Ranking Member: John R. McPherson)
• Nicaraguan Claims (Select) (Chairman: John Tyler Morgan; Ranking Member: George F. Hoar)
• Organization, Conduct and Expeditures of the Executive Departments (Chairman: Frank Hiscock; Ranking Member: Francis M. Cockrell)
• Patents (Chairman: Henry M. Teller; Ranking Member: George Gray)
• Pensions (Chairman: Cushman K. Davis; Ranking Member: Gilbert A. Pierce)
• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Philetus Sawyer; Ranking Member: Nathan F. Dixon)
• Potomac River Front (Select) (Chairman: John R. McPherson; Ranking Member: Charles F. Manderson)
• Printing (Chairman: Charles F. Manderson; Ranking Member: Arthur P. Gorman)
• Private Land Claims (Chairman: Matt W. Ransom; Ranking Member: William M. Stewart)
• Privileges and Elections (Chairman: George F. Hoar; Ranking Member: Zebulon B. Vance)
• Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Leland Stanford; Ranking Member: George G. Vest)
• Public Lands (Chairman: Preston B. Plumb; Ranking Member: Richard F. Pettigrew)
• Quadrocentennial (Select) (Chairman: Frank Hiscock; Ranking Member: James B. Eustis)
• Railroads (Chairman: John H. Mitchell; Ranking Member: Joseph E. Brown)
• Revision of the Laws (Chairman: James F. Wilson; Ranking Member: Ephraim K. Wilson)
• Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Richard Coke; Ranking Member: Justin S. Morrill)
• Rules (Chairman: Nelson W. Aldrich; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris)
• Senate Administrative Services (Select)
• Tariff Regulation (Select)
• Territories (Chairman: Orville H. Platt; Ranking Member: Gilbert A. Pierce)
• Transportation and Sale of Meat Products (Select) (Chairman: George G. Vest; Ranking Member: Randall L. Gibson)
• Transportation Routes to the Seaboard (Chairman: Matthew S. Quay; Ranking Member: Randall L. Gibson)
• Whole
• Woman Suffrage (Select) (Chairman: Zebulon B. Vance; Ranking Member: Charles B. Farwell)

House of Representatives

• Accounts (Chairman: Henry J. Spooner; Ranking Member: Solomon G. Comstock)
• Agriculture (Chairman: Edward H. Funston; Ranking Member: William H. Hatch)
• Alcoholic Liquor Traffic (Select)
• Appropriations (Chairman: Joseph G. Cannon; Ranking Member: Samuel J. Randall)
• Banking and Currency (Chairman: George W.E. Dorsey; Ranking Member: Joseph R. Reed)
• Claims (Chairman: William G. Laidlaw; Ranking Member: George W. Dargan)
• Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: Charles P. Wickham; Ranking Member: Richard P. Bland)
• Commerce (Chairman: Charles S. Baker; Ranking Member: Henry Stockbridge Jr.)
• Disposition of Executive Papers
• District of Columbia (Chairman: William W. Grout; Ranking Member: John J. Hemphill)
• Education (Chairman: James O'Donnell; Ranking Member: Henry P. Cheatham)
• Elections (Chairman: Jonathan H. Rowell; Ranking Member: Solomon G. Comstock)
• Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Robert P. Kennedy; Ranking Member: Constantine B. Kilgore)
• Expenditures in the Agriculture Department (Chairman: Robert M. La Follette; Ranking Member: Edward Lane)
• Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: Nathaniel P. Banks; Ranking Member: James D. Richardson)
• Expenditures in the Justice Department (Chairman: James S. Sherman; Ranking Member: John C. Tarsney)
• Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: John G. Sawyer; Ranking Member: Judson C. Clements)
• Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: John M. Brower; Ranking Member: Thomas S. Flood)
• Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: Joseph A. Scranton; Ranking Member: Marion Biggs)
• Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: Louis E. Atkinson; Ranking Member: William Cogswell)
• Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Robert M. Yardley; Ranking Member: William C.P. Breckinridge)
• Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Thomas S. Flood; Ranking Member: Joseph H. O'Neil)
• Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Robert R. Hitt; Ranking Member: Hamilton D. Coleman)
• Indian Affairs (Chairman: Bishop W. Perkins; Ranking Member: John L. Wilson)
• Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Edmund N. Morrill; Ranking Member: Gilbert L. Laws)
• Judiciary (Chairman: Ezra B. Taylor; Ranking Member: Joseph R. Reed)
• Labor (Chairman: William H. Wade; Ranking Member: Aaron T. Bliss)
• Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River (Chairman: Julius C. Burrows; Ranking Member: Charles D. Beckwith)
• Manufactures (Chairman: James Buchanan; Ranking Member: William D. Bynum)
• Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Chairman: John M. Farquhar; Ranking Member: Hamilton G. Ewart)
• Mileage (Chairman: John Lind; Ranking Member: Thomas J. Clunie)
• Military Affairs (Chairman: Byron M. Cutcheon; Ranking Member: Samuel P. Snider)
• Militia (Chairman: David B. Henderson; Ranking Member: Harrison Kelley)
• Mines and Mining (Chairman: Thomas H. Carter; Ranking Member: Myron H. McCord)
• Naval Affairs (Chairman: Charles A. Boutelle; Ranking Member: Hamilton D. Coleman)
• Pacific Railroads (Chairman: John Dalzell; Ranking Member: James P. Flick)
• Patents (Chairman: Benjamin Butterworth; Ranking Member: H. Clay Evans)
• Pensions (Chairman: Milton De Lano; Ranking Member: Thomas H. B. Browne)
• Printing (Chairman: Charles A. Russell; Ranking Member: James D. Richardson)
• Private Land Claims (Chairman: Lucien B. Caswell; Ranking Member: Hamilton G. Ewart)
• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Henry H. Bingham; Ranking Member: James H. Blount)
• Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Seth L. Milliken; Ranking Member: Oscar S. Gifford)
• Public Lands (Chairman: Lewis E. Payson; Ranking Member: William S. Holman)
• Railways and Canals (Chairman: Henry C. McCormick; Ranking Member: Gilbert L. Laws)
• Revision of Laws (Chairman: Thomas M. Browne; Ranking Member: Frederic T. Greenhalge)
• Rivers and Harbors (Chairman: Thomas J. Henderson; Ranking Member: Frederick G. Niedringhaus)
• Rules (Chairman: Charles F. Crisp; Ranking Member: James H. Blount)
• Standards of Official Conduct
• Territories (Chairman: Isaac S. Struble; Ranking Member: George W. Smith)
• War Claims (Chairman: Ormsby B. Thomas; Ranking Member: Jonathan P. Dolliver)
• Ways and Means (Chairman: William McKinley; Ranking Member: John G. Carlisle)
• Whole

Joint committees

• Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
• Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers
• The Library
• Printing

Caucuses

• Democratic (House)
• Democratic (Senate)

Employees

[[List of federal agencies in the United States#United States Congress|Legislative branch agency]] directors

• Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark
• Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford
• Public Printer of the United States: Thomas E. Benedict, until 1889
  • Francis W. Palmer, from 1889

Senate

• Chaplain: John G. Butler (Lutheran)
• Secretary: Anson G. McCook
• Librarian: Alonzo M. Church
• Sergeant at Arms: William P. Canady, until June 30, 1890
  • Edward K. Valentine, from June 30, 1890

House of Representatives

• Chaplain: William H. Milburn (Methodist)
• Clerk: John B. Clark Jr., until December 2, 1889
  • Edward McPherson, from December 2, 1889
• Doorkeeper: Charles E. Adams
• Postmaster: James L. Wheat, resigned October 1, 1890
  • James W. Hathaway, elected December 10, 1890
• Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: Nathaniel T. Crutchfield
  • Edward F. Goodwin
• Reading Clerks: John A. Reeve (D) and Azro J. Maxham (R)
• Sergeant at Arms: John P. Leedom, until December 2, 1889
  • Adoniram J. Holmes, from December 2, 1889

Notes

References

References

1. Journal of the House of Representatives..., p. 21
2. (1893). "Congressional Series of United States Public Documents". [[Government Printing Office]].
3. (1913). "Compilation of Senate Election Cases from 1789 to 1913". [[U.S. Government Printing Office]].