44th United States Congress

Major events

• November 22, 1875: Vice President Henry Wilson died from a stroke
• June 25, 1876: Custer's Last Stand at the Battle of Little Bighorn
• July 4, 1876: United States Centennial
• November 7, 1876: United States general elections, 1876, including the disputed Presidential election of 1876, later settled with the Compromise of 1877 which ended Reconstruction.

Major legislation

• January 29, 1877: Electoral Commission Act, ch. 37,
• March 3, 1877: Desert Land Act, ch. 107, Main article: List of United States federal legislation#44th United States Congress

State admitted

• August 1, 1876: Colorado admitted as the 38th state

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

During this Congress, two Senate seats and one House seat were added for the new state, Colorado.

Senate

Republican](liberal-republican-party-united-states)

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate

• President: Henry Wilson (R), until November 22, 1875; vacant thereafter.
• President pro tempore: Thomas W. Ferry (R), from March 9, 1875
• Republican Conference Chairman: Henry B. Anthony
• Democratic Caucus Chairman: John W. Stevenson

House of Representatives

• Speaker: Michael C. Kerr (D), until August 19, 1876 (died)
  • Samuel J. Randall (D), elected December 4, 1876
• Democratic Caucus Chairman: Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II
• Republican Conference Chairman: George W. McCrary

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.

:Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Main article: List of United States senators in the 44th Congress

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1880; Class 2 meant their term ended in this Congress, facing re-election in 1876; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1878.

[[List of United States senators from Alabama|Alabama]]

: 2. George Goldthwaite (D) : 3. George E. Spencer (R)

[[List of United States senators from Arkansas|Arkansas]]

: 2. Powell Clayton (R) : 3. Stephen W. Dorsey (R)

[[List of United States senators from California|California]]

: 1. Newton Booth (AM) : 3. Aaron A. Sargent (R)

[[List of United States senators from Colorado|Colorado]]

: 2. Henry M. Teller (R), from November 15, 1876 : 3. Jerome B. Chaffee (R), from November 15, 1876

[[List of United States senators from Connecticut|Connecticut]]

: 1. William W. Eaton (D) : 3. Orris S. Ferry (R), until November 21, 1875 :: James E. English (D), November 27, 1875 – May 17, 1876 :: William H. Barnum (D), from May 18, 1876

[[List of United States senators from Delaware|Delaware]]

: 1. Thomas F. Bayard Sr. (D) : 2. Eli Saulsbury (D)

[[List of United States senators from Florida|Florida]]

: 1. Charles W. Jones (D) : 3. Simon B. Conover (R)

[[List of United States senators from Georgia|Georgia]]

: 2. Thomas M. Norwood (D) : 3. John B. Gordon (D)

[[List of United States senators from Illinois|Illinois]]

: 2. John A. Logan (R) : 3. Richard J. Oglesby (R)

[[List of United States senators from Indiana|Indiana]]

: 1. Joseph E. McDonald (D) : 3. Oliver H. P. T. Morton (R)

[[List of United States senators from Iowa|Iowa]]

: 2. George G. Wright (R) : 3. William B. Allison (R)

[[List of United States senators from Kansas|Kansas]]

: 2. James M. Harvey (R) : 3. John J. Ingalls (R)

[[List of United States senators from Kentucky|Kentucky]]

: 2. John W. Stevenson (D) : 3. Thomas C. McCreery (D)

[[List of United States senators from Louisiana|Louisiana]]

: 2. J. Rodman West (R) : 3. James B. Eustis (D), from January 12, 1876

[[List of United States senators from Maine|Maine]]

: 1. Hannibal Hamlin (R) : 2. Lot M. Morrill (R), until July 7, 1876 :: James G. Blaine (R), from July 10, 1876

[[List of United States senators from Maryland|Maryland]]

: 1. William Pinkney Whyte (D) : 3. George R. Dennis (D)

[[List of United States senators from Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]

: 1. Henry L. Dawes (R) : 2. George S. Boutwell (R)

[[List of United States senators from Michigan|Michigan]]

: 1. Isaac P. Christiancy (R) : 2. Thomas W. Ferry (R)

[[List of United States senators from Minnesota|Minnesota]]

: 1. Samuel J. R. McMillan (R) : 2. William Windom (R)

[[List of United States senators from Mississippi|Mississippi]]

: 1. Blanche Bruce (R) : 2. James L. Alcorn (R)

[[List of United States senators from Missouri|Missouri]]

: 1. Francis Cockrell (D) : 3. Lewis V. Bogy (D)

[[List of United States senators from Nebraska|Nebraska]]

: 1. Algernon Paddock (R) : 2. Phineas Hitchcock (R)

[[List of United States senators from Nevada|Nevada]]

: 1. William Sharon (R) : 3. John P. Jones (R)

[[List of United States senators from New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]

: 2. Aaron H. Cragin (R) : 3. Bainbridge Wadleigh (R)

[[List of United States senators from New Jersey|New Jersey]]

: 1. Theodore F. Randolph (D) : 2. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (R)

[[List of United States senators from New York|New York]]

: 1. Francis Kernan (D) : 3. Roscoe Conkling (R)

[[List of United States senators from North Carolina|North Carolina]]

: 2. Matt W. Ransom (D) : 3. Augustus S. Merrimon (D)

[[List of United States senators from Ohio|Ohio]]

: 1. Allen G. Thurman (D) : 3. John Sherman (R)

[[List of United States senators from Oregon|Oregon]]

: 2. James K. Kelly (D) : 3. John H. Mitchell (R)

[[List of United States senators from Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]

: 1. William A. Wallace (D) : 3. Simon Cameron (R)

[[List of United States senators from Rhode Island|Rhode Island]]

: 1. Ambrose Burnside (R) : 2. Henry B. Anthony (R)

[[List of United States senators from South Carolina|South Carolina]]

: 2. Thomas J. Robertson (R) : 3. John J. Patterson (R)

[[List of United States senators from Tennessee|Tennessee]]

: 1. Andrew Johnson (D), until July 31, 1875 :: David M. Key (D), August 18, 1875 – January 19, 1877 :: James E. Bailey (D), from January 19, 1877 : 2. Henry Cooper (D)

[[List of United States senators from Texas|Texas]]

: 1. Samuel B. Maxey (D) : 2. Morgan C. Hamilton (R)

[[List of United States senators from Vermont|Vermont]]

: 1. George F. Edmunds (R) : 3. Justin S. Morrill (R)

[[List of United States senators from Virginia|Virginia]]

: 1. Robert E. Withers (D) : 2. John W. Johnston (D)

[[List of United States senators from West Virginia|West Virginia]]

: 1. Allen T. Caperton (D), until July 26, 1876 :: Samuel Price (D), August 26, 1876 – January 26, 1877 :: Frank Hereford (D), from January 31, 1877 : 2. Henry G. Davis (D)

[[List of United States senators from Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]

: 1. Angus Cameron (R) : 3. Timothy O. Howe (R)

]]

House of Representatives

Main article: List of United States representatives in the 44th Congress

The names of representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

[[List of United States representatives from Alabama|Alabama]]

: . Jeremiah Haralson (R) : . Jeremiah N. Williams (D) : . Taul Bradford (D) : . Charles Hays (R) : . John H. Caldwell (D) : . Goldsmith W. Hewitt (D) : . William H. Forney (D) : . Burwell B. Lewis (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Arkansas|Arkansas]]

: . Lucien C. Gause (D) : . William F. Slemons (D) : . William W. Wilshire (D) : . Thomas M. Gunter (D)

[[List of United States representatives from California|California]]

: . William A. Piper (D) : . Horace F. Page (R) : . John K. Luttrell (D) : . Peter D. Wigginton (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Colorado|Colorado]]

: . James B. Belford (R), from October 3, 1876 (newly admitted state)

[[List of United States representatives from Connecticut|Connecticut]]

: . George M. Landers (D) : . James Phelps (D) : . Henry H. Starkweather (R), until January 28, 1876 :: John T. Wait (R), from April 12, 1876 : . William H. Barnum (D), until May 18, 1876 :: Levi Warner (D), from December 4, 1876

[[List of United States representatives from Delaware|Delaware]]

: . James Williams (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Florida|Florida]]

: . William J. Purman (R) : . Josiah T. Walls (R), until April 19, 1876 :: Jesse J. Finley (D), from April 19, 1876

[[List of United States representatives from Georgia|Georgia]]

: . Julian Hartridge (D) : . William E. Smith (D) : . Philip Cook (D) : . Henry R. Harris (D) : . Milton A. Candler (D) : . James H. Blount (D) : . William H. Felton (ID) : . Alexander Stephens (D) : . Benjamin H. Hill (D), May 5, 1875 - March 3, 1877

[[List of United States representatives from Illinois|Illinois]]

: . Bernard G. Caulfield (D) : . Carter H. Harrison (D) : . Charles B. Farwell (R), until May 6, 1876 :: John V. Le Moyne (D), from May 6, 1876 : . Stephen A. Hurlbut (R) : . Horatio C. Burchard (R) : . Thomas J. Henderson (R) : . Alexander Campbell (I) : . Greenbury L. Fort (R) : . Richard H. Whiting (R) : . John C. Bagby (D) : . Scott Wike (D) : . William M. Springer (D) : . Adlai E. Stevenson (D) : . Joseph G. Cannon (R) : . John R. Eden (D) : . William A. J. Sparks (D) : . William R. Morrison (D) : . William Hartzell (D) : . William B. Anderson (I)

[[List of United States representatives from Indiana|Indiana]]

: . Benoni S. Fuller (D) : . James D. Williams (D), until December 1, 1876 :: Andrew Humphreys (D), from December 5, 1876 : . Michael C. Kerr (D), until August 19, 1876 :: Nathan T. Carr (D), from December 5, 1876 : . Jeptha D. New (D) : . William S. Holman (D) : . Milton S. Robinson (R) : . Franklin Landers (D) : . Morton C. Hunter (R) : . Thomas J. Cason (R) : . William S. Haymond (D) : . James L. Evans (R) : . Andrew H. Hamilton (D) : . John Baker (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Iowa|Iowa]]

: . George W. McCrary (R) : . John Q. Tufts (R) : . Lucien L. Ainsworth (D) : . Henry O. Pratt (R) : . James Wilson (R) : . Ezekiel S. Sampson (R) : . John A. Kasson (R) : . James W. McDill (R) : . S. Addison Oliver (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Kansas|Kansas]]

: . William A. Phillips (R) : . John R. Goodin (D) : . William R. Brown (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Kentucky|Kentucky]]

: . Andrew Boone (D) : . John Y. Brown (D) : . Charles W. Milliken (D) : . J. Proctor Knott (D) : . Edward Y. Parsons (D), until July 8, 1876 :: Henry Watterson (D), from August 12, 1876 : . Thomas L. Jones (D) : . Joseph C. S. Blackburn (D) : . Milton J. Durham (D) : . John D. White (R) : . John B. Clarke (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Louisiana|Louisiana]]

: . Randall L. Gibson (D) : . E. John Ellis (D) : . Chester B. Darrall (R) : . William M. Levy (D) : . Frank Morey (R), until June 8, 1876 :: William B. Spencer (D) June 8, 1876 - January 8, 1877 : . Charles E. Nash (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Maine|Maine]]

: . John H. Burleigh (R) : . William P. Frye (R) : . James G. Blaine (R), until July 10, 1876 :: Edwin Flye (R), from December 4, 1876 : . Harris M. Plaisted (R), from September 13, 1875 : . Eugene Hale (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Maryland|Maryland]]

: . Philip F. Thomas (D) : . Charles B. Roberts (D) : . William J. O'Brien (D) : . Thomas Swann (D) : . Eli J. Henkle (D) : . William Walsh (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]

: . James Buffington (R), until March 7, 1875 :: William W. Crapo (R), from November 2, 1875 : . Benjamin W. Harris (R) : . Henry L. Pierce (R) : . Rufus S. Frost (R), until July 28, 1876 :: Josiah G. Abbott (D), from July 28, 1876 : . Nathaniel P. Banks (I) : . Charles P. Thompson (D) : . John K. Tarbox (D) : . William W. Warren (D) : . George F. Hoar (R) : . Julius H. Seelye (I) : . Chester W. Chapin (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Michigan|Michigan]]

: . Alpheus S. Williams (D) : . Henry Waldron (R) : . George Willard (R) : . Allen Potter (D) : . William B. Williams (R) : . George H. Durand (D) : . Omar D. Conger (R) : . Nathan B. Bradley (R) : . Jay A. Hubbell (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Minnesota|Minnesota]]

: . Mark H. Dunnell (R) : . Horace B. Strait (R) : . William S. King (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Mississippi|Mississippi]]

: . Lucius Q. C. Lamar (D) : . G. Wiley Wells (IR) : . Hernando Money (D) : . Otho R. Singleton (D) : . Charles E. Hooker (D) : . John R. Lynch (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Missouri|Missouri]]

: . Edward C. Kehr (D) : . Erastus Wells (D) : . William H. Stone (D) : . Robert A. Hatcher (D) : . Richard P. Bland (D) : . Charles H. Morgan (D) : . John F. Philips (D) : . Benjamin J. Franklin (D) : . David Rea (D) : . Rezin A. De Bolt (D) : . John B. Clark Jr. (D) : . John M. Glover (D) : . Aylett H. Buckner (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Nebraska|Nebraska]]

: . Lorenzo Crounse (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Nevada|Nevada]]

: . William Woodburn (R)

[[List of United States representatives from New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]

: . Frank Jones (D) : . Samuel N. Bell (D) : . Henry W. Blair (R)

[[List of United States representatives from New Jersey|New Jersey]]

: . Clement H. Sinnickson (R) : . Samuel A. Dobbins (R) : . Miles Ross (D) : . Robert Hamilton (D) : . Augustus W. Cutler (D) : . Frederick H. Teese (D) : . Augustus A. Hardenbergh (D)

[[List of United States representatives from New York|New York]]

: . Henry B. Metcalfe (D) : . John G. Schumaker (D) : . Simeon B. Chittenden (IR) : . Archibald M. Bliss (D) : . Edwin R. Meade (D) : . Samuel S. Cox (D) : . Smith Ely Jr. (D), until December 11, 1876 :: David Dudley Field (D), from January 11, 1877 : . Elijah Ward (D) : . Fernando Wood (D) : . Abram S. Hewitt (D) : . Benjamin A. Willis (D) : . N. Holmes Odell (D) : . John O. Whitehouse (D) : . George M. Beebe (D) : . John H. Bagley Jr. (D) : . Charles H. Adams (R) : . Martin I. Townsend (R) : . Andrew Williams (R) : . William A. Wheeler (R) : . Henry H. Hathorn (R) : . Samuel F. Miller (R) : . George A. Bagley (R) : . Scott Lord (D) : . William H. Baker (R) : . Elias W. Leavenworth (R) : . Clinton D. MacDougall (R) : . Elbridge G. Lapham (R) : . Thomas C. Platt (R) : . Charles C. B. Walker (D) : . John M. Davy (R) : . George G. Hoskins (R) : . Lyman K. Bass (R) : . Nelson I. Norton (R), from December 6, 1875

[[List of United States representatives from North Carolina|North Carolina]]

: . Jesse J. Yeates (D) : . John A. Hyman (R) : . Alfred M. Waddell (D) : . Joseph J. Davis (D) : . Alfred M. Scales (D) : . Thomas S. Ashe (D) : . William M. Robbins (D) : . Robert B. Vance (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Ohio|Ohio]]

: . Milton Sayler (D) : . Henry B. Banning (D) : . John S. Savage (D) : . John A. McMahon (D) : . Americus V. Rice (D) : . Frank H. Hurd (D) : . Lawrence T. Neal (D) : . William Lawrence (R) : . Earley F. Poppleton (D) : . Charles Foster (R) : . John L. Vance (D) : . Ansel T. Walling (D) : . Milton I. Southard (D) : . Jacob P. Cowan (D) : . Nelson H. Van Vorhes (R) : . Lorenzo Danford (R) : . Laurin D. Woodworth (R) : . James Monroe (R) : . James A. Garfield (R) : . Henry B. Payne (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Oregon|Oregon]]

: . George A. La Dow (D), until May 1, 1875 :: Lafayette Lane (D), from October 25, 1875

[[List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]

: . Chapman Freeman (R) : . Charles O'Neill (R) : . Samuel J. Randall (D) : . William D. Kelley (R) : . John Robbins Jr. (D) : . Washington Townsend (R) : . Alan Wood Jr. (R) : . Hiester Clymer (D) : . A. Herr Smith (R) : . William Mutchler (D) : . Francis D. Collins (D) : . Winthrop W. Ketcham (R), until July 19, 1876 :: William H. Stanton (D), from November 7, 1876 : . James B. Reilly (D) : . John B. Packer (R) : . Joseph Powell (D) : . Sobieski Ross (R) : . John Reilly (D) : . William Stenger (D) : . Levi Maish (D) : . Levi A. Mackey (D) : . Jacob Turney (D) : . James H. Hopkins (D) : . Alexander G. Cochran (D) : . John W. Wallace (R) : . George A. Jenks (D) : . James Sheakley (D) : . Albert G. Egbert (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Rhode Island|Rhode Island]]

: . Benjamin T. Eames (R) : . Latimer W. Ballou (R)

[[List of United States representatives from South Carolina|South Carolina]]

: . Joseph Rainey (R) : . Edmund W. M. Mackey (IR), until July 19, 1876 :: Charles W. Buttz (R), from November 7, 1876 : . Solomon L. Hoge (R) : . Alexander S. Wallace (R) : . Robert Smalls (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Tennessee|Tennessee]]

: . William McFarland (D) : . Jacob M. Thornburgh (R) : . George G. Dibrell (D) : . Samuel M. Fite (D), until October 23, 1875 :: Haywood Y. Riddle (D), from December 4, 1875 : . John M. Bright (D) : . John F. House (D) : . Washington C. Whitthorne (D) : . John D. C. Atkins (D) : . William P. Caldwell (D) : . H. Casey Young (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Texas|Texas]]

: . John H. Reagan (D) : . David B. Culberson (D) : . James W. Throckmorton (D) : . Roger Q. Mills (D) : . John Hancock (D) : . Gustave Schleicher (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Vermont|Vermont]]

: . Charles H. Joyce (R) : . Dudley C. Denison (IR) : . George W. Hendee (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Virginia|Virginia]]

: . Beverly B. Douglas (D) : . John Goode Jr. (D) : . Gilbert C. Walker (D) : . William H. H. Stowell (R) : . George Cabell (D) : . John R. Tucker (D) : . John T. Harris (D) : . Eppa Hutton, II (D) : . William Terry (D)

[[List of United States representatives from West Virginia|West Virginia]]

: . Benjamin Wilson (D) : . Charles J. Faulkner Sr. (D) : . Frank Hereford (D), until January 31, 1877

[[List of United States representatives from Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]

: . Charles G. Williams (R) : . Lucien B. Caswell (R) : . Henry S. Magoon (R) : . William P. Lynde (D) : . Samuel D. Burchard (D) : . Alanson M. Kimball (R) : . Jeremiah M. Rusk (R) : . George W. Cate (D)

Non-voting members

: . Hiram S. Stevens (D) : . Thomas M. Patterson (D), until August 1, 1876 : . Jefferson P. Kidder (R) : . Thomas W. Bennett (I), until June 23, 1876 :: Stephen S. Fenn (D), from June 23, 1876 : . Martin Maginnis (D) : . Stephen B. Elkins (R) : . George Q. Cannon (R) : . Orange Jacobs (R) : . William R. Steele (D)

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

• Replacements: 4
  • Democratic: 1 seat net gain
  • Republican: 1 seat net loss
• Deaths: 3
• Resignations: 1
• Vacancy: 1
• Interim appointments: 3
• Seats of newly admitted states: 2
• Total seats with changes: 7 Sorted Chronologically by date of vacancy --

|- | Louisiana (3) | Vacant | Senate had declined to seat rival claimants William L. McMillen and P. B. S. Pinchback. Successor elected January 12, 1876. | nowrap | James B. Eustis (D) | January 10, 1876

|- | Tennessee (1) | nowrap | Andrew Johnson (D) | Died July 31, 1875. Successor appointed August 18, 1875, to continue the term. | nowrap | David M. Key (D) | August 18, 1875

|- | Connecticut (3) | nowrap | Orris S. Ferry (R) | Died November 21, 1875. Successor appointed November 27, 1875, to continue the term. | nowrap | James E. English (D) | November 27, 1875

|- | Connecticut (3) | nowrap | James E. English (D) | Interim appointee retired May 17, 1876 when successor elected. Successor elected May 17, 1876. | nowrap | William H. Barnum (D) | May 18, 1876

|- | Maine (2) | nowrap | Lot M. Morrill (R) | Resigned July 7, 1876 to become U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Successor appointed July 10, 1876, to continue the term. Interim appointee later elected January 17, 1877. | nowrap | James G. Blaine (R) | July 10, 1876

|- | West Virginia (1) | nowrap | Allen T. Caperton (D) | Died July 26, 1876. Successor appointed August 26, 1876, to continue the term. | nowrap | Samuel Price (D) | August 26, 1876

|- | Colorado (2) | New seat | Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876. First senator elected November 15, 1876 | nowrap | Henry M. Teller (R) | November 15, 1876

|- | Colorado (3) | New seat | Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876. First senator elected November 15, 1876 | nowrap | Jerome B. Chaffee (R) | November 15, 1876

|- | Tennessee (1) | nowrap | David M. Key (D) | Interim appointee lost special election. Successor elected January 19, 1877. | nowrap | James E. Bailey (D) | January 19, 1877

|- | West Virginia (1) | nowrap | Samuel Price (D) | Interim appointee lost special election. Successor elected January 26, 1877, but seat remained vacant until successor qualified by resigning from the U.S. House on January 31, 1877. | nowrap | Frank Hereford (D) | January 31, 1877

|}

House of Representatives

• Replacements: 14
  • Democratic: no net change
  • Republican: no net change
• Deaths: 9
• Resignations: 6
• Contested election: 5
• Seats of newly admitted states: 1
• Total seats with changes: 21

Sorted chronologically by date of vacancy

|- | | Vacant | Rep-elect Garnett McMillan died before taking seat | nowrap | Benjamin H. Hill (D) | May 5, 1875

|- | | Vacant | Rep. Samuel F. Hersey died during previous congress | nowrap | Harris M. Plaisted (R) | September 13, 1875

|- | | Vacant | Rep.-elect Augustus F. Allen died before taking seat | nowrap | Nelson I. Norton (R) | December 6, 1875

|- | | nowrap | James Buffington (R) | Died March 7, 1875 | nowrap | William W. Crapo (R) | November 2, 1875

|- | | nowrap | George A. La Dow (D) | Died May 1, 1875 | nowrap | Lafayette Lane (D) | October 25, 1875

|- | | nowrap | Samuel M. Fite (D) | Died October 23, 1875 | nowrap | Haywood Y. Riddle (D) | December 14, 1875

|- | | nowrap | Henry H. Starkweather (R) | Died January 28, 1876 | nowrap | John T. Wait (R) | April 12, 1876

|- | | nowrap | Josiah T. Walls (R) | Lost contested election April 19, 1876 | nowrap | Jesse J. Finley (D) | April 19, 1876

|- | | nowrap | Charles B. Farwell (R) | Lost contested election May 6, 1876 | nowrap | John V. Le Moyne (D) | May 6, 1876

|- | | nowrap | William H. Barnum (D) | Resigned May 18, 1876, after being elected to the US Senate | nowrap | Levi Warner (D) | December 4, 1876

|- | | nowrap | Frank Morey (R) | Lost contested election June 8, 1876 | nowrap | William B. Spencer (D) | June 8, 1876

|- | | nowrap | Thomas W. Bennett (I) | Lost contested election June 23, 1876 | nowrap | Stephen S. Fenn (D) | June 23, 1876

|- | | nowrap | James G. Blaine (R) | Resigned July 10, 1876, after being appointed to the US Senate | nowrap | Edwin Flye (R) | December 4, 1876

|- | | nowrap | Edward Y. Parsons (D) | Died July 8, 1876 | nowrap | Henry Watterson (D) | August 12, 1876

|- | | nowrap | Winthrop W. Ketcham (R) | Resigned July 19, 1876, after being appointed judge to the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania | nowrap | William H. Stanton (D) | November 7, 1876

|- | | nowrap | Edmund W. M. Mackey (IR) | nowrap | Charles W. Buttz (R) | November 7, 1876

|- | | nowrap | Rufus S. Frost (R) | Lost contested election July 28, 1876 | nowrap | Josiah G. Abbott (D) | July 28, 1876

|- | | nowrap | Thomas M. Patterson (D) | Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876

|- | | New seat | Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876. Seat remained vacant until October 3, 1876. | nowrap | James B. Belford (R) | October 3, 1876

|- | | nowrap | Michael C. Kerr (D) | Died August 19, 1876 | nowrap | Nathan T. Carr (D) | December 15, 1876

|- | | nowrap | James D. Williams (D) | Resigned December 1, 1876, after being elected Governor of Indiana | nowrap | Andrew Humphreys (D) | December 5, 1876

|- | | nowrap | Smith Ely Jr. (D) | Resigned December 11, 1876 | nowrap | David D. Field II (D) | January 11, 1877

|- | | nowrap | William B. Spencer (D) | Resigned January 8, 1877, to become an associate justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court | Vacant | Not filled this term

|- | | nowrap | Frank Hereford (D) | Resigned January 31, 1877, after being elected to the US Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term

|- | | nowrap | Benjamin H. Hill (D) | Resigned March 3, 1877, after being elected to the US Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term

|}

Committees

Senate

• Agriculture (Chairman: Frederick T. Frelinghuysen; Ranking Member: Henry G. Davis)
• Appropriations (Chairman: William Windom; Ranking Member: Stephen W. Dorsey)
• Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: John P. Jones; Ranking Member: George R. Dennis)
• Civil Service and Retrenchment (Chairman: Thomas F. Bayard; Ranking Member: John J. Patterson)
• Claims (Chairman: George G. Wright; Ranking Member: Samuel J.R. McMillan)
• Commerce (Chairman: Roscoe Conkling; Ranking Member: Samuel J.R. McMillan)
• Counting the Electoral Vote (Select)
• Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
• District of Columbia (Chairman: George E. Spencer; Ranking Member: Thomas J. Robertson)
• Education and Labor (Chairman: John J. Patterson; Ranking Member: William Sharon)
• Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Thomas F. Bayard; Ranking Member: Henry B. Anthony)
• Enrolled Bills
• Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service (Select) (Chairman: James M. Harvey; Ranking Member: Augustus S. Merrimon)
• Finance (Chairman: John Sherman; Ranking Member: John P. Jones)
• Foreign Relations (Chairman: Simon Cameron; Ranking Member: Roscoe Conkling)
• Indian Affairs (Chairman: William B. Allison; Ranking Member: Powell Clayton)
• Judiciary (Chairman: George F. Edmunds; Ranking Member: Timothy O. Howe)
• Manufactures (Chairman: Thomas J. Robertson; Ranking Member: William A. Wallace)
• Military Affairs (Chairman: John A. Logan; Ranking Member: Ambrose E. Burnside)
• Mines and Mining (Chairman: Aaron A. Sargent; Ranking Member: William Sharon)
• Mississippi River Levee System (Select) (Chairman: James L. Alcorn; Ranking Member: Henry Cooper)
• Mississippi Election Frauds, 1876 (Chairman: George S. Boutwell; Ranking Member: Joseph E. McDonald)
• Naval Affairs (Chairman: Aaron H. Cragin; Ranking Member: Simon B. Conover)
• Ordnance and War Ships (Select)
• Patents (Chairman: Bainbridge Wadleigh; Ranking Member: John W. Johnston)
• Pensions (Chairman: John J. Ingalls; Ranking Member: Blanche Bruce)
• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Hannibal Hamlin; Ranking Member: Algernon S. Paddock)
• Private Land Claims (Chairman: Allen G. Thurman; Ranking Member: George F. Edmunds)
• Privileges and Elections (Chairman: Oliver P. Morton; Ranking Member: Samuel J.R. McMillan)
• Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Justin S. Morrill; Ranking Member: Newton Booth)
• Public Lands (Chairman: Richard J. Oglesby; Ranking Member: Newton Booth)
• Railroads (Chairman: Joseph R. West; Ranking Member: John H. Mitchell)
• Revision of the Laws (Chairman: George S. Boutwell; Ranking Member: Isaac P. Christiancy)
• Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: John W. Stevenson; Ranking Member: George G. Wright)
• Rules (Chairman: Thomas W. Ferry; Ranking Member: Augustus S. Merrimon)
• Tariff Regulation (Select)
• Territories (Chairman: Phineas W. Hitchcock; Ranking Member: William Sharon)
• Transportation Routes to the Seaboard (Select)
• Whole

House of Representatives

• Accounts (Chairman: Charles B. Roberts; Ranking Member: George G. Hoskins)
• Agriculture (Chairman: John H. Caldwell; Ranking Member: William B. Anderson)
• Appropriations (Chairman: William S. Holman; Ranking Member: William A. Wheeler)
• Banking and Currency (Chairman: Samuel S. Cox; Ranking Member: Scott Wike)
• Claims (Chairman: John M. Bright; Ranking Member: John F. Philips)
• Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: Alexander H. Stephens; Ranking Member: Levi Maish)
• Commerce (Chairman: Elijah Ward; Ranking Member: Henry Myer Phillips)
• District of Columbia (Chairman: Aylett H. Buckner; Ranking Member: George Willard)
• Education and Labor (Chairman: Gilbert C. Walker; Ranking Member: William M. Springer)
• Elections (Chairman: John T. Harris; Ranking Member: Earley F. Poppleton)
• Enrolled Bills
• Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: William Mutchler; Ranking Member: Laurin D. Woodworth)
• Expenditures in the Justice Department (Chairman: Bernard G. Caulfield; Ranking Member: Edwin R. Meade)
• Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: George M. Beebe; Ranking Member: John H. Burleigh)
• Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: William H. Stone; Ranking Member: William H.H. Stowell)
• Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: William M. Springer; Ranking Member: John W. Wallace)
• Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: John M. Bright; Ranking Member: John S. Savage)
• Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: John Robbins; Ranking Member: Lyman K. Bass)
• Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Henry B. Metcalfe; Ranking Member: Samuel N. Bell)
• Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Thomas Swann; Ranking Member: William H. Forney)
• Indian Affairs (Chairman: Alfred M. Scales; Ranking Member: Lafayette Lane)
• Invalid Pensions (Chairman: George A. Jenks; Ranking Member: Jesse J. Yeates)
• Judiciary (Chairman: J. Proctor Knott; Ranking Member: Bernard G. Caulfield)
• Manufactures (Chairman: William H. Stone; Ranking Member: Samuel D. Burchard)
• Mileage (Chairman: Albert G. Egbert; Ranking Member: Nathaniel H. Odell)
• Military Affairs (Chairman: Henry B. Banning; Ranking Member: Augustus A. Hardenbergh)
• Militia (Chairman: Jacob P. Cowan; Ranking Member: John K. Tarbox)
• Mines and Mining (Chairman: Richard P. Bland; Ranking Member: Alexander Campbell)
• Mississippi Levees (Chairman: E. John Ellis; Ranking Member: James Sheakley)
• Naval Affairs (Chairman: Washington C. Whitthorne; Ranking Member: John Robbins)
• Pacific Railroads (Chairman: Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II; Ranking Member: John F. Philips)
• Patents (Chairman: Robert B. Vance; Ranking Member: William E. Smith)
• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John B. Clark Jr.; Ranking Member: William F. Slemons)
• Private Land Claims (Chairman: Thomas M. Gunter; Ranking Member: Lucien L. Ainsworth)
• Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: William S. Holman; Ranking Member: Casey Young)
• Public Expenditures (Chairman: Charles W. Milliken; Ranking Member: Alexander Campbell)
• Public Lands (Chairman: Milton Sayler; Ranking Member: Lafayette Lane)
• Railways and Canals (Chairman: Thomas L. Jones; Ranking Member: Levi A. Mackey)
• Reform in the Civil Service (Chairman: John O. Whitehouse; Ranking Member: Augustus W. Cutler)
• Revision of Laws (Chairman: Milton J. Durham; Ranking Member: Milton J. Durham)
• Revolutionary Pensions and War of 1812 (Chairman: Eppa Hunton; Ranking Member: John G. Schumaker)
• Rules (Select) (Chairman: Michael C. Kerr; Ranking Member: James G. Blaine)
• Standards of Official Conduct
• Territories (Chairman: Milton I. Southard; Ranking Member: Peter D. Wigginton)
• War Claims (Chairman: John R. Eden; Ranking Member: John H. Caldwell)
• Ways and Means (Chairman: William R. Morrison; Ranking Member: James G. Blaine)
• Whole

Joint committees

• Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
• Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Rep. Henry R. Harris; Vice Chairman: Rep. Harris M. Plaisted)
• Frame a Form of Government for the District of Columbia
• Investigate Chinese Immigration
• The Library (Chairman: Rep. Hiester Clymer; Vice Chairman: Rep. James Monroe)
• Printing (Chairman: Rep. John L. Vance; Vice Chairmam: Rep. Latimer W. Ballou)

Caucuses

• Democratic (House)
• Democratic (Senate)

Employees

[[List of federal agencies in the United States#United States Congress|Legislative branch agency]] directors

• Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark
• Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford
• Public Printer of the United States: Almon M. Clapp, from 1876

Senate

• Chaplain: Byron Sunderland (Presbyterian)
• Librarian: George F. Dawson
• Secretary: George C. Gorham
• Sergeant at Arms: John R. French

House of Representatives

• Chaplain: John George Butler (Lutheran), until December 6, 1875
  • I. L. Townsend (Episcopalian), from December 6, 1875
• Clerk: Edward McPherson, until December 6, 1875
  • George M. Adams, elected December 6, 1875
• Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: William H. Scudder
• Doorkeeper: Lafayette H. Fitzhugh
• Postmaster: James M. Steuart
• Reading Clerks: Thomas S. Pettit (D) and Neill S. Brown Jr. (R)
• Sergeant at Arms: Nehemiah G. Ordway, until December 6, 1875
  • John G. Thompson, elected December 6, 1875

Notes

References

References

1. Taft, George S.. (1885). "Compilation of Senate Election Cases from 1789 to 1885 - Pages 483 - 512". [[United States Government Publishing Office.