39th United States Congress

Major events

Main article: 1865 in the United States, 1866 in the United States, 1867 in the United States

• March 4, 1865: Second inauguration of President Abraham Lincoln.
• April 9, 1865: Surrender of Confederate forces at Appomattox Court House, effectively ending the American Civil War
• April 15, 1865: Assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, Vice President Andrew Johnson became President of the United States
• December 11, 1865: Creation of the House Appropriations Committee and the House Banking and Commerce Committee, reducing the tasks of the House Ways and Means Committee
• January, 1866: The second and current United States Capitol dome completed after 11 years of work.
• July 24, 1866: Tennessee became the first U.S. state to be readmitted to the Union following the American Civil War.
• November 5, 1866: United States House of Representatives elections, 1866
• January 8, 1867: African American men are granted the right to vote in the District of Columbia

Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation, 1789–1901#39th United States Congress

• April 9, 1866: Civil Rights Act of 1866, Sess. 1, ch. 31,
• July 16, 1866: Freedmen's Bureau Bill, Sess. 1, ch. 200,
• July 23, 1866: Judicial Circuits Act, Sess. 1, ch. 210, , reduced the number of United States circuit courts to nine and the number of Supreme Court justices to seven
• July 23, 1866: District of Columbia Public Schools Act ("An Act relating to Public Schools in the District of Columbia"), Sess. 1, ch. 217,
• July 25, 1866: An Act to revive the grade of General in the United States Army, Sess. 1, ch. 232, , (now called "4-star general"); Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant became the first to have this rank.
• July 28, 1866: Metric Act of 1866, Sess. 1, ch. 301, , legalized the use of the metric system for weights and measures in the United States.
• July 28, 1866: Washington City Colored Schools Lots Donation Act ("An Act donating certain Lots in the City of Washington for Schools for Colored Children in the District of Columbia"), Sess. 1, ch. 308,
• March 2, 1867: Reconstruction Act, ch. 153, established five military districts, each headed by a general, in ten states of the former Confederate South (Tennessee excepted), and stipulates conditions for re-admission of these States into the Union.
• March 2, 1867: Tenure of Office Act, ch. 154, required the president to obtain the Senate's advice and consent to suspend or dismiss certain federal public officials (notably cabinet officers). Violation of this act will lead to the impeachment of Andrew Johnson by the next (40th) Congress in 1868.

Constitutional amendments

• December 18, 1865: Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution declared ratified
• June 13, 1866: Approved an amendment to the Constitution addressing citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification
  • Amendment was later ratified on July 9, 1868, becoming the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

States admitted

• July 24, 1866: Tennessee readmitted to representation.
• March 1, 1867: Nebraska admitted as the 37th state, sess. 2, ch. 36, (over president's veto)

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

During this Congress, two seats were added for the new state of Nebraska.

House of Representatives

During this Congress, one seat was added for the new state of Nebraska.

Leadership

Senate

• President: Andrew Johnson (D), until April 15, 1865; vacant thereafter.
• President pro tempore: Lafayette S. Foster (R), until March 2, 1867
  • Benjamin F. Wade (R), elected March 2, 1867
• Republican Conference Chairman: Henry B. Anthony

House of Representatives

• Speaker: Schuyler Colfax (R)
• Republican Conference Chairman: Justin S. Morrill

Members

]] This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Main article: List of United States senators in the 39th Congress

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1868; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1870; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1866. :Skip to House of Representatives, below

[[List of United States senators from Alabama|Alabama]]

: 2. Vacant : 3. Vacant

[[List of United States senators from Arkansas|Arkansas]]

: 2. Vacant : 3. Vacant

[[List of United States senators from California|California]]

: 1. John Conness (R) : 3. James A. McDougall (D)

[[List of United States senators from Connecticut|Connecticut]]

: 1. James Dixon (R) : 3. Lafayette S. Foster (R)

[[List of United States senators from Delaware|Delaware]]

: 1. George R. Riddle (D) : 2. Willard Saulsbury Sr. (D)

[[List of United States senators from Florida|Florida]]

: 1. Vacant : 3. Vacant

[[List of United States senators from Georgia|Georgia]]

: 2. Vacant : 3. Vacant

[[List of United States senators from Illinois|Illinois]]

: 2. Richard Yates (R) : 3. Lyman Trumbull (R)

[[List of United States senators from Indiana|Indiana]]

: 1. Thomas A. Hendricks (D) : 3. Henry S. Lane (R)

[[List of United States senators from Iowa|Iowa]]

: 2. James W. Grimes (R) : 3. James Harlan (R), until May 15, 1865 :: Samuel J. Kirkwood (R), from January 13, 1866

[[List of United States senators from Kansas|Kansas]]

: 2. Jim Lane (R), until July 11, 1866 :: Edmund G. Ross (R), from July 19, 1866 : 3. Samuel C. Pomeroy (R)

[[List of United States senators from Kentucky|Kentucky]]

: 2. James Guthrie (D) : 3. Garrett Davis (U)

[[List of United States senators from Louisiana|Louisiana]]

: 2. Vacant : 3. Vacant

[[List of United States senators from Maine|Maine]]

: 1. Lot M. Morrill (R) : 2. William P. Fessenden (R)

[[List of United States senators from Maryland|Maryland]]

: 1. Reverdy Johnson (D) : 3. John A. J. Creswell (UU), from March 9, 1865

[[List of United States senators from Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]

: 1. Charles Sumner (R) : 2. Henry Wilson (R)

[[List of United States senators from Michigan|Michigan]]

: 1. Zachariah Chandler (R) : 2. Jacob M. Howard (R)

[[List of United States senators from Minnesota|Minnesota]]

: 1. Alexander Ramsey (R) : 2. Daniel S. Norton (R)

[[List of United States senators from Mississippi|Mississippi]]

: 1. Vacant : 2. Vacant

[[List of United States senators from Missouri|Missouri]]

: 1. John B. Henderson (R) : 3. B. Gratz Brown (R)

[[List of United States senators from Nebraska|Nebraska]]

: 1. Thomas Tipton (R), from March 1, 1867 (newly admitted state) : 2. John M. Thayer (R), from March 1, 1867 (newly admitted state)

[[List of United States senators from Nevada|Nevada]]

: 1. William M. Stewart (R) : 3. James W. Nye (R)

[[List of United States senators from New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]

: 2. Aaron H. Cragin (R) : 3. Daniel Clark (R), until July 27, 1866 :: George G. Fogg (R), from August 31, 1866

[[List of United States senators from New Jersey|New Jersey]]

: 1. William Wright (D), until November 1, 1866 :: Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (R), from November 12, 1866 : 2. John P. Stockton (D), March 15, 1865 – March 27, 1866 :: Alexander G. Cattell (R), from September 19, 1866

[[List of United States senators from New York|New York]]

: 3. Ira Harris (R) : 1. Edwin D. Morgan (R)

[[List of United States senators from North Carolina|North Carolina]]

: 2. Vacant : 3. Vacant

[[List of United States senators from Ohio|Ohio]]

: 1. Benjamin Wade (R) : 3. John Sherman (R)

[[List of United States senators from Oregon|Oregon]]

: 2. George H. Williams (R) : 3. James W. Nesmith (D)

[[List of United States senators from Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]

: 1. Charles R. Buckalew (D) : 3. Edgar Cowan (R)

[[List of United States senators from Rhode Island|Rhode Island]]

: 1. William Sprague IV (R) : 2. Henry B. Anthony (R)

[[List of United States senators from South Carolina|South Carolina]]

: 2. Vacant : 3. Vacant

[[List of United States senators from Tennessee|Tennessee]]

: 1. David T. Patterson (U), from July 28, 1866 : 2. Joseph S. Fowler (U), from July 24, 1866

[[List of United States senators from Texas|Texas]]

: 1. Vacant : 2. Vacant

[[List of United States senators from Vermont|Vermont]]

: 1. Solomon Foot (R), until March 28, 1866 :: George F. Edmunds (R), from April 3, 1866 : 3. Jacob Collamer (R), until November 9, 1865 :: Luke P. Poland (R), from November 21, 1865

[[List of United States senators from Virginia|Virginia]]

: 1. Vacant : 2. Vacant

[[List of United States senators from West Virginia|West Virginia]]

: 1. Peter G. Van Winkle (UU) : 2. Waitman T. Willey (R)

[[List of United States senators from Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]

: 1. James R. Doolittle (R) : 3. Timothy O. Howe (R)

House of Representatives

Main article: List of United States representatives in the 39th Congress

The names of representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

[[List of United States representatives from Alabama|Alabama]]

: . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant

[[List of United States representatives from Arkansas|Arkansas]]

: . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant

[[List of United States representatives from California|California]]

(3 Republicans) : . Donald C. McRuer (R) : . William Higby (R) : . John Bidwell (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Connecticut|Connecticut]]

(4 Republicans) : . Henry C. Deming (R) : . Samuel L. Warner (R) : . Augustus Brandegee (R) : . John H. Hubbard (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Delaware|Delaware]]

(1 Democrat) : . John A. Nicholson (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Florida|Florida]]

: . Vacant

[[List of United States representatives from Georgia|Georgia]]

: . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant

[[List of United States representatives from Illinois|Illinois]]

(11–3 Republican) : . John Wentworth (R) : . John F. Farnsworth (R) : . Elihu B. Washburne (R) : . Abner C. Harding (R) : . Ebon C. Ingersoll (R) : . Burton C. Cook (R) : . Henry P. H. Bromwell (R) : . Shelby M. Cullom (R) : . Lewis Winans Ross (D) : . Anthony Thornton (D) : . Samuel S. Marshall (D) : . Jehu Baker (R) : . Andrew J. Kuykendall (R) : . Samuel W. Moulton (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Indiana|Indiana]]

(8–3 Republican) : . William E. Niblack (D) : . Michael C. Kerr (D) : . Ralph Hill (R) : . John H. Farquhar (R) : . George W. Julian (R) : . Ebenezer Dumont (R) : . Daniel W. Voorhees (D), until February 23, 1866 :: Henry D. Washburn (R), from February 23, 1866 : . Godlove S. Orth (R) : . Schuyler Colfax (R) : . Joseph H. Defrees (R) : . Thomas N. Stilwell (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Iowa|Iowa]]

(6 Republicans) : . James F. Wilson (R) : . Hiram Price (R) : . William B. Allison (R) : . Josiah B. Grinnell (R) : . John A. Kasson (R) : . Asahel W. Hubbard (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Kansas|Kansas]]

(1 Republican) : . Sidney Clarke (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Kentucky|Kentucky]]

(4–5 Democratic) : . Lawrence S. Trimble (D) : . Burwell C. Ritter (D) : . Henry Grider (D), until September 7, 1866 :: Elijah Hise (D), from December 3, 1866 : . Aaron Harding (D) : . Lovell H. Rousseau (UU), until July 21, 1866, and from December 3, 1866 : . Green C. Smith (UU), until July ??, 1866 :: Andrew H. Ward (D), from December 3, 1866 : . George S. Shanklin (D) : . William H. Randall (UU) : . Samuel McKee (UU)

[[List of United States representatives from Louisiana|Louisiana]]

: . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant

[[List of United States representatives from Maine|Maine]]

(5 Republicans) : . John Lynch (R) : . Sidney Perham (R) : . James G. Blaine (R) : . John H. Rice (R) : . Frederick A. Pike (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Maryland|Maryland]]

(3–2 Unconditional Unionist) : . Hiram McCullough (D) : . Edwin H. Webster (UU), until July ??, 1865 :: John L. Thomas Jr. (UU), from December 4, 1865 : . Charles E. Phelps (UU) : . Francis Thomas (UU) : . Benjamin G. Harris (D)

[[List of United States representatives from Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]

(10 Republicans) : . Thomas D. Eliot (R) : . Oakes Ames (R) : . Alexander H. Rice (R) : . Samuel Hooper (R) : . John B. Alley (R) : . Daniel W. Gooch (R), until September 1, 1865 :: Nathaniel P. Banks (R), from December 4, 1865 : . George S. Boutwell (R) : . John D. Baldwin (R) : . William B. Washburn (R) : . Henry L. Dawes (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Michigan|Michigan]]

(6 Republicans) : . Fernando C. Beaman (R) : . Charles Upson (R) : . John W. Longyear (R) : . Thomas W. Ferry (R) : . Rowland E. Trowbridge (R) : . John F. Driggs (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Minnesota|Minnesota]]

(2 Republicans) : . William Windom (R) : . Ignatius L. Donnelly (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Mississippi|Mississippi]]

: . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant

[[List of United States representatives from Missouri|Missouri]]

(8–1 Republican) : . John Hogan (D) : . Henry T. Blow (R) : . Thomas E. Noell (R) : . John R. Kelso (IR) : . Joseph W. McClurg (R) : . Robert T. Van Horn (R) : . Benjamin F. Loan (R) : . John F. Benjamin (R) : . George W. Anderson (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Nebraska|Nebraska]]

(1 Republican) : . Turner M. Marquette (R), from March 2, 1867 (newly admitted state)

[[List of United States representatives from Nevada|Nevada]]

(1 Republican) : . Delos R. Ashley (R)

[[List of United States representatives from New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]

(3 Republicans) : . Gilman Marston (R) : . Edward H. Rollins (R) : . James W. Patterson (R)

[[List of United States representatives from New Jersey|New Jersey]]

(3–2 Democratic) : . John F. Starr (R) : . William A. Newell (R) : . Charles Sitgreaves (D) : . Andrew J. Rogers (D) : . Edwin R. V. Wright (D)

[[List of United States representatives from New York|New York]]

(20–11 Republican) : . Stephen Taber (D) : . Teunis G. Bergen (D) : . James Humphrey (R), until June 16, 1866 :: John W. Hunter (D), from December 4, 1866 : . Morgan Jones (D) : . Nelson Taylor (D) : . Henry J. Raymond (R) : . John W. Chanler (D) : . James Brooks (D), until April 7, 1866 :: William E. Dodge (R), from April 7, 1866 : . William A. Darling (R) : . William Radford (D) : . Charles H. Winfield (D) : . John H. Ketcham (R) : . Edwin N. Hubbell (D) : . Charles Goodyear (D) : . John Augustus Griswold (R) : . Orlando Kellogg (R), until August 24, 1865 :: Robert S. Hale (R), from December 3, 1865 : . Calvin T. Hulburd (R) : . James M. Marvin (R) : . Demas Hubbard Jr. (R) : . Addison H. Laflin (R) : . Roscoe Conkling (R) : . Sidney T. Holmes (R) : . Thomas T. Davis (R) : . Theodore M. Pomeroy (R) : . Daniel Morris (R) : . Giles W. Hotchkiss (R) : . Hamilton Ward Sr. (R) : . Roswell Hart (R) : . Burt Van Horn (R) : . James M. Humphrey (D) : . Henry H. Van Aernam (R)

[[List of United States representatives from North Carolina|North Carolina]]

: . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant

[[List of United States representatives from Ohio|Ohio]]

(17–2 Republican) : . Benjamin Eggleston (R) : . Rutherford B. Hayes (R) : . Robert C. Schenck (R) : . William Lawrence (R) : . Francis C. Le Blond (D) : . Reader W. Clarke (R) : . Samuel Shellabarger (R) : . James R. Hubbell (R) : . Ralph P. Buckland (R) : . James M. Ashley (R) : . Hezekiah S. Bundy (R) : . William E. Finck (D) : . Columbus Delano (R) : . Martin Welker (R) : . Tobias A. Plants (R) : . John Bingham (R) : . Ephraim R. Eckley (R) : . Rufus P. Spalding (R) : . James A. Garfield (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Oregon|Oregon]]

(1 Republican) : . James H. D. Henderson (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]

(15–9 Republican) : . Samuel J. Randall (D) : . Charles O'Neill (R) : . Leonard Myers (R) : . William D. Kelley (R) : . M. Russell Thayer (R) : . Benjamin M. Boyer (D) : . John M. Broomall (R) : . Sydenham E. Ancona (D) : . Thaddeus Stevens (R) : . Myer Strouse (D) : . Philip Johnson (D), until January 29, 1867 : . Charles Denison (D) : . Ulysses Mercur (R) : . George F. Miller (R) : . Adam J. Glossbrenner (D) : . Alexander H. Coffroth (D), February 19, 1866 – July 18, 1866 :: William H. Koontz (R), from July 18, 1866 : . Abraham A. Barker (R) : . Stephen F. Wilson (R) : . Glenni W. Scofield (R) : . Charles V. Culver (R) : . John L. Dawson (D) : . James K. Moorhead (R) : . Thomas Williams (R) : . George V. Lawrence (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Rhode Island|Rhode Island]]

(2 Republicans) : . Thomas A. Jenckes (R) : . Nathan F. Dixon Jr. (R)

[[List of United States representatives from South Carolina|South Carolina]]

: . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant

[[List of United States representatives from Tennessee|Tennessee]]

(4 Unconditional Unionists; 4 Unionists) : . Nathaniel G. Taylor (U), from July 24, 1866 : . Horace Maynard (UU), from July 24, 1866 : . William B. Stokes (UU), from July 24, 1866 : . Edmund Cooper (U), from July 24, 1866 : . William B. Campbell (U), from July 24, 1866 : . Samuel M. Arnell (UU), from July 24, 1866 : . Isaac R. Hawkins (U), from July 24, 1866 : . John W. Leftwich (UU), from July 24, 1866

[[List of United States representatives from Texas|Texas]]

: . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant

[[List of United States representatives from Vermont|Vermont]]

(3 Republicans) : . Frederick E. Woodbridge (R) : . Justin S. Morrill (R) : . Portus Baxter (R)

[[List of United States representatives from Virginia|Virginia]]

: . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant : . Vacant

[[List of United States representatives from West Virginia|West Virginia]]

(3 Unconditional Unionists) : . Chester D. Hubbard (UU) : . George R. Latham (UU) : . Kellian Whaley (UU)

[[List of United States representatives from Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]

(5–1 Republican) : . Halbert E. Paine (R) : . Ithamar C. Sloan (R) : . Amasa Cobb (R) : . Charles A. Eldredge (D) : . Philetus Sawyer (R) : . Walter D. McIndoe (R)

Non-voting members

(6–3 Republican) : . John N. Goodwin (R) : . Allen A. Bradford (R) : . Walter A. Burleigh (R) : . Edward D. Holbrook (D) : . Samuel McLean (D) : . Phineas W. Hitchcock (R), until March 1, 1867 : . J. Francisco Chaves (R) : . William H. Hooper (D) : . Arthur A. Denny (R)

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

• Replacements: 8
  • Democratic: 2-seat net loss
  • Republican: 2-seat net gain
  • Unionist: no net change
  • Unconditional Union: no net change
• Deaths: 4
• Resignations: 2
• Vacancy: 1
• Seats of newly admitted states: 2
• Seats of re-admitted states: 2
• Total seats with changes: 12 Sorted chronologically by date of vacancy --

|- | Maryland (3) | Vacant | Sen. Thomas Hicks had died during previous congress. Successor elected March 9, 1865. | nowrap | John Creswell (UU) | March 9, 1865

|- | New Jersey (2) | Vacant | Although elected in time for this Congress, the Senator-elect was not seated until March 15, 1865. Senator was later removed in election dispute, see below. | nowrap | John P. Stockton (D) | March 15, 1865

|- | Tennessee (2) Senators were elected July 24, 1866. | nowrap | Joseph S. Fowler (U) | July 24, 1866

|- | Tennessee (1) | nowrap | David T. Patterson (U) | July 28, 1866

|- | Iowa (3) | nowrap | James Harlan (R) | Resigned May 15, 1865, after being appointed U.S. Secretary of the Interior. Successor elected January 13, 1866. | nowrap | Samuel J. Kirkwood (R) | January 13, 1866

|- | Vermont (3) | nowrap | Jacob Collamer (R) | Died November 9, 1865. Successor was appointed November 21, 1865, to continue the term. Appointee was elected October 24, 1866, to finish the term. | nowrap | Luke P. Poland (R) | November 21, 1865

|- | New Jersey (2) | nowrap | John P. Stockton (D) | Disputed election led to Senate vacating the seat March 27, 1866. Successor elected September 19, 1866. | nowrap | Alexander G. Cattell (R) | September 19, 1866

|- | Vermont (1) | nowrap | Solomon Foot (R) | Died March 28, 1866. Successor was appointed April 3, 1866, to continue the term. Appointee was elected October 24, 1866, to finish the term. | nowrap | George F. Edmunds (R) | April 3, 1866

|- | Kansas (2) | nowrap | Jim Lane (R) | Died July 11, 1866, after being mortally wounded from a self-inflicted gunshot 10 days earlier Successor was appointed July 19, 1866, to continue the term. Appointee was elected January 23, 1867, to finish the term. | nowrap | Edmund G. Ross (R) | July 19, 1866

|- | New Hampshire (3) | nowrap | Daniel Clark (R) | Resigned July 27, 1866, after being appointed Judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of New Hampshire. Successor was appointed August 31, 1866. | nowrap | George G. Fogg (R) | August 31, 1866

|- | New Jersey (1) | nowrap | William Wright (D) | Died November 1, 1866. Successor was appointed November 12, 1866. Appointee was elected January 23, 1867, to finish the term. | nowrap | Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (R) | November 12, 1866

|- | Nebraska (1) | nowrap | Thomas Tipton (R)

|- | Nebraska (2) | nowrap | John M. Thayer (R) |}

House of Representatives

• Replacements: 9
  • Democratic: 1-seat net gain
  • Republican: 2-seat net gain
  • Unconditional Unionist: 1 seat net loss
  • Unionist: 0 net change
• Deaths: 4
• Resignations: 4
• Contested election: 3
• Seats from newly admitted states: 1
• Seats from re-admitted states: 8
• Total seats with changes: 21 Sorted Chronologically by date of vacancy -- |- | | nowrap | Nathaniel G. Taylor (U) |- | | nowrap | Horace Maynard (UU) |- | | nowrap | William B. Stokes (UU) |- | | nowrap | Edmund Cooper (U) |- | | nowrap | William B. Campbell (U) |- | | nowrap | Samuel M. Arnell (UU) |- | | nowrap | Isaac R. Hawkins (U) |- | | nowrap | John W. Leftwich (UU) |- | | nowrap | Edwin H. Webster (UU) | Resigned some time in July, 1865 after being appointed Collector of Customs for the port of Baltimore | nowrap | John L. Thomas Jr. (UU) | December 4, 1865 |- | | nowrap | Orlando Kellogg (R) | Died August 24, 1865 | nowrap | Robert S. Hale (R) | December 3, 1865 |- | | nowrap | Daniel W. Gooch (R) | Resigned September 1, 1865, after being appointed Navy Agent for the port of Boston | nowrap | Nathaniel P. Banks (R) | December 4, 1865 |- | | Vacant | incumbent Coffroth prevented from taking seat due to election contest | nowrap | Alexander H. Coffroth (D) | February 19, 1866 |- | | nowrap | Alexander H. Coffroth (D) | Lost contested election July 18, 1866 | nowrap | William H. Koontz (R) | July 18, 1866 |- | | nowrap | Daniel W. Voorhees (D) | Lost contested election February 23, 1866 | nowrap | Henry D. Washburn (R) | February 23, 1866 |- | | nowrap | James Brooks (D) | Lost contested election April 7, 1866 | nowrap | William E. Dodge (R) | April 7, 1866 |- | | nowrap | James Humphrey (R) | Died June 16, 1866 | nowrap | John W. Hunter (D) | December 4, 1866 |- | | nowrap | Green C. Smith (UU) | Resigned some time in July, 1866 after being appointed Governor of the Montana Territory. | nowrap | Andrew H. Ward (D) | December 3, 1866 |- | | nowrap | Lovell Rousseau (UU) | Resigned July 21, 1866, after being reprimanded for his assault of Iowa Rep. Josiah B. Grinnell. Was re-elected to fill his own seat. | nowrap | Lovell Rousseau (UU) | December 3, 1866 |- | | nowrap | Henry Grider (D) | Died September 7, 1866 | nowrap | Elijah Hise (D) | December 3, 1866 |- | | nowrap | Philip Johnson (D) | Died January 29, 1867 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | | nowrap | Phineas Hitchcock (R) | Nebraska achieved statehood March 1, 1867 |- | | New State | Nebraska admitted to the Union March 1, 1867. Seat remained vacant until March 2, 1867 | nowrap | Turner M. Marquette (R) | March 2, 1867 |}

Committees

Senate

• Agriculture (Chairman: John Sherman)
• Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: George H. Williams)
• Claims (Chairman: Timothy O. Howe)
• Coins, Weights and Measures (Select)
• Commerce (Chairman: Zachariah Chandler)
• Compensation (Select)
• Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
• District of Columbia (Chairman: Lot M. Morrill)
• Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Aaron H. Cragin)
• Finance (Chairman: William P. Fessenden)
• Foreign Relations (Chairman: Charles Sumner)
• Indian Affairs (Chairman: John B. Henderson)
• Interior Department Clerical Force (Select)
• Judiciary (Chairman: Lyman Trumbull)
• Manufactures (Chairman: William Sprague IV)
• Military Affairs and the Militia (Chairman: Henry Wilson)
• Mines and Mining (Chairman: John Conness)
• Mississippi River Levees Reconstruction (Select)
• National Banks (Select)
• National Telegraph Company (Select)
• Naval Affairs (Chairman: James W. Grimes)
• Ordnance and War Ships (Select)
• Pacific Railroad (Chairman: Jacob M. Howard)
• Patents and the Patent Office (Chairman: Waitman T. Willey)
• Pensions (Chairman: Henry S. Lane)
• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Alexander Ramsey)
• Private Land Claims (Chairman: Ira Harris)
• Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: B. Gratz Brown)
• Public Lands (Chairman: Samuel C. Pomeroy)
• Retrenchment
• Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Richard Yates)
• Tariff Regulation (Select)
• Territories (Chairman: Benjamin F. Wade)
• Whole

House of Representatives

• Accounts (Chairman: Edward H. Rollins)
• Agriculture (Chairman: John Bidwell)
• Appropriations (Chairman: Thaddeus Stevens)
• Banking and Currency (Chairman: Theodore M. Pomeroy)
• Claims (Chairman: Columbus Delano)
• Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: John A. Kasson)
• Commerce (Chairman: Elihu B. Washburne)
• District of Columbia (Chairman: Ebon C. Ingersoll)
• Elections (Chairman: Henry L. Dawes)
• Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: Ebenezer Dumont)
• Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: George W. Julian)
• Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: Jehu Baker)
• Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: Frederick A. Pike)
• Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: James M. Marvin)
• Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Henry C. Deming)
• Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: John W. Longyear)
• Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Nathaniel P. Banks)
• Freedmen's Affairs (Chairman: Thomas D. Eliot)
• Indian Affairs (Chairman: William Windom)
• Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Sidney Perham)
• Judiciary (Chairman: James F. Wilson)
• Manufactures (Chairman: James K. Moorhead)
• Mileage (Chairman: George W. Anderson)
• Military Affairs (Chairman: Robert C. Schenck)
• Militia (Chairman: Abner C. Harding)
• Mines and Mining (Chairman: William Higby)
• Naval Affairs (Chairman: Alexander H. Rice)
• Pacific Railroads (Chairman: Hiram Price)
• Patents (Chairman: Thomas A. Jenckes)
• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John B. Alley)
• Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: John H. Rice)
• Public Expenditures (Chairman: Calvin T. Hulburd)
• Public Lands (Chairman: George W. Julian)
• Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: Glenni W. Scofield)
• Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Kellian V. Whaley)
• Revolutionary Pensions (Chairman: Walter D. McIndoe)
• Roads and Canals (Chairman: Fernando C. Beaman)
• Rules (Select)
• Standards of Official Conduct
• Territories (Chairman: James M. Ashley)
• Ways and Means (Chairman: Justin S. Morrill)
• Whole

Joint committees

• Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
• Conduct of the War
• Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Sen. James Nye)
• The Library (Chairman: N/A)
• Printing (Chairman: N/A)
• Retrenchment
• To Inquire into the Condition of the States which Formed the So-Called Confederate States

Caucuses

• Democratic (House)
• Democratic (Senate)

Employees

[[List of federal agencies in the United States#United States Congress|Legislative branch agency]] directors

• Architect of the Capitol: Thomas U. Walter, resigned May 26, 1865
  • Edward Clark, appointed August 30, 1865
• Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford

Senate

• Chaplain: Thomas Bowman (Methodist), until March 9, 1865
  • Edgar H. Gray (Baptist), from March 9, 1865
• Secretary: John W. Forney
• Sergeant at Arms: George T. Brown

House of Representatives

• Chaplain: William Henry Channing (Unitarian), until December 4, 1865
  • Charles B. Boynton (Congregationalist), from December 4, 1865
• Clerk: Edward McPherson
• Doorkeeper: Ira Goodnow
• Messenger to the Speaker: William D. Todd
• Postmaster: Josiah Given
• Reading Clerks: Edward W. Barber
• Sergeant at Arms: Nehemiah G. Ordway

Notes

References

References

1. "The Constitution: Amendments 11–27". National Archives.
2. Huckabee, David C.. (September 30, 1997). "Ratification of Amendments to the U.S. Constitution". [[Congressional Research Service]], The [[Library of Congress]].
3. Byrd & Wolff, page 176
4. Byrd & Wolff, page 108
5. Byrd & Wolff, page 142