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3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) is a metabolite of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Dopamine can be metabolized into one of three substances. One such substance is DOPAC. Another is 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT). Both of these substances are degraded to form homovanillic acid (HVA). Both degradations involve the enzymes monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), albeit in reverse order: MAO catalyzes dopamine to DOPAC, and COMT catalyzes DOPAC to HVA; whereas COMT catalyzes dopamine to 3-MT and MAO catalyzes 3-MT to HVA. The third metabolic end-product of dopamine is norepinephrine (noradrenaline).

It can also be found in the bark of Eucalyptus globulus.

This product has been synthesized (52% yield) from 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid via aerobic biotransformation using whole cell cultures of Arthrobacter protophormiae.

References

(2011). "Characterization of Phenolic Components in Polar Extracts of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Bark by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
Robins, Karen T.. (2009). "Lonza: Biotechnology – A Key Ingredient for Success in the Future". CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry.
Sutton, Peter. (2012). "Practical Methods for Biocatalysis and Biotransformations 2". John Wiley & Sons, Ltd..

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phenolic-human-metabolites phenylacetic-acids catechols hydroxycarboxylic-acids

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