From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

22nd Chess Olympiad

1976 chess tournament in Haifa, Israel

The 22nd Chess Olympiad (, Olimpiada ha-shachmat ha-22), organized by FIDE, took place between October 26 and November 10, 1976, in Haifa, Israel. For the first time, the event comprised both an open and a women's tournament.

Another first was the change in format. The growing number of teams (74 at the previous Olympiad) had made it impossible to continue with the previous system of round-robin preliminary and final groups, so beginning in Haifa, the open event was played as a Swiss system tournament (the women's event had fewer participants and did not use the Swiss system until 1980).

The first Swiss system Olympiad ended up with significantly fewer teams, however. International politics once again interfered in the world of sports, as many FIDE member nations withdrew in protest against the Olympiad being held in Israel, a country many of them didn't recognize. Among the nations that stayed away from Haifa were all of the Arab countries, some of which took part in the alternative Against Chess Olympiad instead. Other absentees were the entire Eastern Bloc, including most of the usual medal candidates. A number of Eastern European players had recently defected, however, and now represented various Western countries.

In the absence of the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Hungary, the US team had the highest average rating and had to be considered favourites, even without Bobby Fischer. In the end, they lived up to expectations and won the gold medals, by half a point. The Netherlands and England took home the silver and bronze, respectively.

Open event

Forty-eight nations played 13 rounds. In the event of a draw, the tie-break was decided first by match points, then by using the Buchholz system.

:{| class="wikitable" |+ Open event ! # !! Country !! Players !! Average rating !! Points !! MP !! Buchholz

-
-
-
4
-
5
-
6
-
7
-
8
-
9
-
10
-
11
-
12
-
13
-
14
-
15
-
16
-
17
-
18
-
19
-
20
-
21
-
22
-
23
-
24
-
25
-
26
-
27
-
28
-
29
-
30
-
31
-
32
-
33
-
34
-
35
-
36
-
37
-
38
-
39
-
40
-
41
-
42
-
43
-
44
-
45
-
46
-
47
-
48
}

Team standing

The following ratings were used to determine the placement (#).

BP (sum of board points)
TP (sum of team points)
Rtg (Buchholz scoring system)

:{| class="wikitable" !#||Team||Code||BP||TP||Rtg||+||=||-||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||10||11||12||13 |- 3||CHI 2½||SCO 3½||ITA 2||AUS 4||NED 1½||ENG 2||ARG 2½||GER 2||ISR 3½||SUI 4||COL 3||WLS 3½ |- 3½||SCO 2½||SUI 2½||ARG 2||NOR 4||USA 2½||ISR 3||ENG 2||CHI 3½||SWE 3½||GER 2||CAN 2½||FIN 3 |- 2½||FRA 4||ARG 2½||GER 2||ITA 3||PHI 3½||USA 2||NED 2||ISR 2||CAN 3||SWE 3||CHI 3½||AUT 2½ |- | 4 || ||ARG||33||20||389.5||9||2||2||VEN 4||ESP 2½||ENG 1½||NED 2||SUI 3||GER 2½||PHI 3||USA 1½||IRI 3||AUT 3||ISR 2½||SWE 2½||CAN 2 |- | 5 || ||GER||31||15||389.0||6||3||4||IRL 3½||FIN 3||AUT 3½||ENG 2||PHI 1||ARG 1½||ESP 3||ISR 1½||USA 2||IRI 4||NED 2||SUI 1½||AUS 2½ |- | 6 || ||ISR||29½||17||392.5||8||1||4||URU 3½||AUS 2½||SWE 2½||SUI 1½||DEN 3½||ESP 3||NED 1||GER 2½||ENG 2||USA ½||ARG 1½||PHI 3||PAR 2½ |- | 7 || ||SUI||29||17||365.0||8||1||4||AHO 4||CAN 2½||NED 1½||ISR 2½||ARG 1||CHI ½||DEN 2½||THA 3½||ESP 2||COL 3||USA 0||GER 2½||FRA 3½ |- | 8 || ||CAN||28½||15||372.5||6||3||4||MNC 4||SUI 1½||NOR 1||IRI 2½||SCO 2||WLS 3||ITA 2||ESP 2½||AUS 2½||ENG 1||ISL 3||NED 1½||ARG 2 |- | 9 || Spain||ESP||28½||12||355.0||5||2||6||ISV 4||ARG 1½||BEL 2½||SWE 2||VEN 4||ISR 1||GER 1||CAN 1½||SUI 2||CHI 1½||NOR 2½||AUS 1½||SCO 3½ |- | 10 || ||COL||28||14||352.5||6||2||5||PNG 3½||SWE 1½||ISL 2½||VEN 1½||FIN 1½||PAR 2||FRA 3||SCO 2½||NOR 2||SUI 1||AUT 3||USA 1||HON 3 |- | 11 || ||NOR||27½||16||362.5||6||4||3||THA 2½||HON 3½||CAN 3||PHI 1½||NED 0||FIN 2½||PAR 2½||AUT 2||COL 2||ISL 2||ESP 1½||DEN 2||VEN 2½ |- | 12 || ||SWE||27½||15||376.5||7||1||5||DOM 3½||COL 2½||ISR 1½||ESP 2||AUT 2½||SCO 2½||CHI 2½||IRI 1||PHI 4||NED ½||ENG 1||ARG 1½||DEN 2½ |- | 13 || ||ITA||27½||15||361.5||5||5||3||AND 4||ISL 3||PHI 2||USA 2||ENG 1||IRI 2||CAN 2||CHI ½||IRL 2½||AUS 1½||FRA 2½||SCO 2||BEL 2½ |- | 14 || ||WLS||27½||15||359.0||6||3||4||HON 2||NZL 2||LUX 1½||PAR 2||URU 4||CAN 1||VEN 2½||AUS 1||BEL 3||FIN 2½||CHI 2½||ISL 3||USA ½ |- | 15 || Paraguay||PAR||27½||14||345.0||6||2||5||FRA 1||CRC 2½||NZL 2½||WLS 2||LUX 2½||COL 2||NOR 1½||BEL 2½||URU 2½||PHI 1½||SCO 1½||BOL 4||ISR 1½ |- | 16 || ||CHI||27½||13||380.5||6||1||6||CRC 3||USA 1½||AUS 2||URU 3||ISL 1½||SUI 3½||SWE 1½||ITA 3½||NED ½||ESP 2½||WLS 1½||ENG ½||IRI 3 |- | 17 || ||AUS||27½||13||367.5||6||1||6||JPN 4||ISR 1½||CHI 2||BEL 4||USA 0||ISL 2½||IRI 1||WLS 3||CAN 1½||ITA 2½||PHI 1½||ESP 2½||GER 1½ |- | 18 || ||AUT||27½||13||366.0||6||1||6||GCI 4||BEL 2½||GER ½||FIN 2½||SWE 1½||DEN 3||ISL 1½||NOR 2||SCO 2½||ARG 1||COL 1||CRC 4||ENG 1½ |- | 19 || ||FIN||27½||13||346.5||6||1||6||IVB 3½||GER 1||DEN 2½||AUT 1½||COL 2½||NOR 1½||SCO 2||BOL 2½||ISL 1½||WLS 1½||LUX 3||NZL 3½||NED 1 |- | 20 || PHI ||PHI||27||17||367.5||8||1||4||FAI 4||DEN 3||ITA 2||NOR 2½||GER 3||ENG ½||ARG 1||ISL 2½||SWE 0||PAR 2½||AUS 2½||ISR 1||URU 2½ |- | 21 || ||NZL||27||15||346.5||7||1||5||ENG 1½||WLS 2||PAR 1½||CRC 3||BEL 1||DOM 2½||LUX 1½||JPN 2½||DEN 2½||IRL 2½||THA 3||FIN ½||GUA 3 |- | 22 || ||ISL||27||13||350.0||6||1||6||HKG 4||ITA 1||COL 1½||LUX 3||CHI 2½||AUS 1½||AUT 2½||PHI 1½||FIN 2½||NOR 2||CAN 1||WLS 1||IRL 3 |- | 23 || Venezuela||VEN||26½||13||336.5||6||1||6||ARG 0||PNG 3½||MNC 4||COL 2½||ESP 0||BEL 2||WLS 1½||URU ½||THA 1||JPN 3||GCI 3½||LUX 3½||NOR 1½ |- | 24 || ||BEL||26½||11||341.5||4||3||6||GUA 4||AUT 1½||ESP 1½||AUS 0||NZL 3||VEN 2||IRL 2||PAR 1½||WLS 1||FAI 4||CRC 2½||IRI 2||ITA 1½ |- | 25 || ||DEN||26½||10||349.0||4||2||7||BER 4||PHI 1||FIN 1½||IRL 4||ISR ½||AUT 1||SUI 1½||FRA 2||NZL 1½||DOM 3½||IRI 2½||NOR 2||SWE 1½ |- | 26 || ||FRA||26||14||351.0||6||2||5||PAR 3||ENG 0||URU 0||BOL 4||GCI 2½||GUA 3||COL 1||DEN 2||DOM 2½||SCO 2||ITA 1½||THA 4||SUI ½ |- | 27 || ||DOM||26||14||300.5||6||2||5||SWE ½||LUX ½||BOL 2||AHO 4||CRC 2||NZL 1½||GUA 2½||HON 2½||FRA 1½||DEN ½||IVB 3||AND 2½||HKG 3 |- | 28 || ||URU||26||13||341.0||6||1||6||ISR ½||JPN 2||FRA 4||CHI 1||WLS 0||HON 2½||BER 3||VEN 3½||PAR 1½||THA 1½||IRL 2½||GUA 2½||PHI 1½ |- | 29 || ||HON||26||9||304.0||3||3||7||WLS 2||NOR ½||HKG 2||THA 1½||GUA 1½||URU 1½||ISV 4||DOM 1½||CRC ½||AHO 4||BOL 2||FAI 4||COL 1 |- | 30 || ||THA||25½||12||319.5||6||0||7||NOR 1½||IRI ½||BER 3||HON 2½||IRL 1½||LUX 1½||GCI 4||SUI ½||VEN 3||URU 2½||NZL 1||FRA 0||AHO 4 |- | 31 || Iran ||IRI||25½||11||367.5||4||3||6||USA 1||THA 3½||IRL 2||CAN 1½||JPN 4||ITA 2||AUS 3||SWE 3||ARG 1||GER 0||DEN 1½||BEL 2||CHI 1 |- | 32 || ||CRC||25½||11||324.0||5||1||7||CHI 1||PAR 1½||ISV 3½||NZL 1||DOM 2||IRL 1||HKG 3||GUA 1½||HON 3½||BOL 2½||BEL 1½||AUT 0||MNC 3½ |- | 33 || ||SCO||25½||10||371.5||3||4||6||BOL 4||NED 1½||USA ½||GCI 4||CAN 2||SWE 1½||FIN 2||COL 1½||AUT 1½||FRA 2||PAR 2½||ITA 2||ESP ½ |- | 34 || Guernsey ||GCI||25||14||298.5||7||0||6||AUT 0||GUA 3||FAI 3½||SCO 0||FRA 1½||JPN 2½||THA 0||PNG 3½||HKG 2½||BER 1½||VEN ½||AHO 3½||AND 3 |- | 35 || ||IRL||25||12||328.0||5||2||6||GER ½||IVB 4||IRI 2||DEN 0||THA 2½||CRC 3||BEL 2||LUX 2½||ITA 1½||NZL 1½||URU 1½||MNC 3||ISL 1 |- | 36 || ||LUX||24½||13||340.5||6||1||6||NED ½||DOM 3½||WLS 2½||ISL 1||PAR 1½||THA 2½||NZL 2½||IRL 1½||BOL 2||GUA 2½||FIN 1||VEN ½||ISV 3 |- | 37 || ||GUA||24½||12||321.0||6||0||7||BEL 0||GCI 1||PNG 3||MNC 3||HON 2½||FRA 1||DOM 1½||CRC 2½||JPN 3||LUX 1½||BER 3||URU 1½||NZL 1 |- | 38 || JPN ||JPN||24½||12||296.0||5||2||6||AUS 0||URU 2||AND 3||HKG 3½||IRI 0||GCI 1½||FAI 3||NZL 1½||GUA 1||VEN 1||AHO 3½||IVB 2½||BER 2 |- | 39 || Hong Kong ||HKG||24½||12||291.5||4||4||5||ISL 0||AND 2||HON 2||JPN ½||PNG 3||BER 2||CRC 1||FAI 3||GCI 1½||IVB 3½||MNC 2||ISV 3||DOM 1 |- | 40 || ||BOL||24½||11||286.0||4||3||6||SCO 0||ISV 1½||DOM 2||FRA 0||AHO 3½||AND 4||PNG 3½||FIN 1½||LUX 2||CRC 1½||HON 2||PAR 0||IVB 3 |- | 41 || ||BER||24||14||290.0||5||4||4||DEN 0||FAI 2||THA 1||ISV 2½||AND 2½||HKG 2||URU 1||MNC 2||IVB 3||GCI 2½||GUA 1||PNG 2½||JPN 2 |- | 42 || ||AND||23||11||274.0||4||3||6||ITA 0||HKG 2||JPN 1||FAI 2||BER 1½||BOL 0||AHO 3½||IVB 3||MNC 2||ISV 3||PNG 2½||DOM 1½||GCI 1 |- | 43 || ||MNC||22||11||277.5||4||3||6||CAN 0||AHO 3½||VEN 0||GUA 1||ISV 2½||FAI 1||IVB 3||BER 2||AND 2||PNG 3½||HKG 2||IRL 1||CRC ½ |- | 44 || ||FAI||21½||12||277.0||5||2||6||PHI 0||BER 2||GCI ½||AND 2||IVB 2½||MNC 3||JPN 1||HKG 1||AHO 3½||BEL 0||ISV 3½||HON 0||PNG 2½ |- | 45 || ||PNG||18||6||280.0||3||0||10||COL ½||VEN ½||GUA 1||IVB 3||HKG 1||AHO 3||BOL ½||GCI ½||ISV 3||MNC ½||AND 1½||BER 1½||FAI 1½ |- | 46 || ||ISV||15½||6||283.0||3||0||10||ESP 0||BOL 2½||CRC ½||BER 1½||MNC 1½||IVB 2½||HON 0||AHO 2½||PNG 1||AND 1||FAI ½||HKG 1||LUX 1 |- | 47 || ||IVB||13½||1||283.5||0||1||12||FIN ½||IRL 0||AHO 2||PNG 1||FAI 1½||ISV 1½||MNC 1||AND 1||BER 1||HKG ½||DOM 1||JPN 1½||BOL 1 |- | 48 || Netherlands Antilles ||AHO||7½||1||294.0||0||1||12||SUI 0||MNC ½||IVB 2||DOM 0||BOL ½||PNG 1||AND ½||ISV 1½||FAI ½||HON 0||JPN ½||GCI ½||THA 0 |}

Individual medals

Board 1: NED Jan Timman 8½ / 11 = 77.3%
Board 2: NED Gennadi Sosonko 6 / 8 = 75.0%
Board 3: DOM Marcelo Carrión 9 / 11 = 81.8%
Board 4: ENG Michael Stean 5½ / 8 = 68.8%
1st reserve: COL Boris de Greiff 5½ / 7 = 78.6%
2nd reserve: USA Kim Commons 7½ / 9 = 83.3%

Women's event

Twenty-three nations took part in the women's Olympiad. From four preliminary groups the teams were split into three finals. Israel, led by former World Championship challenger Kushnir, won the gold, ahead of England and Spain.

Preliminaries

Group 1:

Country	1	2	3	4	5	+	−	=
-	1½	2½	2	3	3	0	1	9
1½	-	½	2	1½	1	1	2	5½
½	2½	-	1½	1	1	2	1	5½
1	1	1½	-	2	1	2	1	5½
0	1½	2	1	-	1	2	1	4½

Group 2:

Final	Country	1	2	3	4	5	6	+	−	=
	-	2½	2½	1½	3	3	4	0	1	12½
	½	-	1½	1½	3	3	2	1	2	9½
	½	1½	-	2	2½	2	3	1	1	8½
	1½	1½	1	-	1½	2	1	1	3	7½
	0	0	½	1½	-	2½	1	3	1	4½
JPN	0	0	1	1	½	-	0	5	0	2½

Group 3:

Final	Country	1	2	3	4	5	6	+	−	=
	-	2½	2	2½	2½	3	5	0	0	12½
Spain	½	-	2	2½	2½	3	4	1	0	10½
	1	1	-	1	2	3	2	3	0	8
	½	½	2	-	2½	1½	2	2	1	7
	½	½	1	½	-	3	1	4	0	5½
	0	0	0	1½	0	-	0	4	1	1½

Group 4:

Final	Country	1	2	3	4	5	6	+	−	=
	-	1½	3	2	2	3	4	0	1	11½
	1½	-	2	2½	½	3	3	1	1	9½
PHI	0	1	-	1½	3	3	2	2	1	8½
	1	½	1½	-	1½	3	1	2	2	7½
	1	2½	0	1½	-	2	2	2	1	7
	0	0	0	0	1	-	0	5	0	1

Finals

:{| class="wikitable" |+ Final A ! # !! Country !! Players !! Average rating !! Points !! MP

-
-
-
4
-
5
-
6
-
7
-
8
}

:{| class="wikitable" |+ Final B ! # !! Country !! Players !! Average rating !! Points !! MP |- | 9 || || Vujosevic, Shterenberg, Day, Williams M. || 1907 || 13½ || |- | 10 || || Gramignani, Pernici, Merciai, Romano D. || 1800 || 12 || |- | 11 || || Arias, Soppe, Cazón, Tadei || 1800 || 11½ || |- | 12 || || Healy, O'Siochrú, Noonan, Shouldice || 1897 || 10½ || |- | 13 || || Vuorenpää, Pihlajamäki, Ristoja, Laitinen || 1852 || 10 || |- | 14 || || Merlini, Tagnon, Ruck-Petit, Warkentin || 1880 || 9½ || 6 |- | 15 || || Leyva, Herrera L., Zapata, Patiño || 1800 || 9½ || 5 |- | 16 || PHI || Cartel, Emperado, Lizares, Alvárez || 1800 || 7 || |}

:{| class="wikitable" |+ Final C ! # !! Country !! Players !! Average rating !! Points !! MP |- | 17 || || Näpfer, Veprek, Wettstein, Ludwig || 1875 || 12 || 10 |- | 18 || || Hausner, Hennings, Kattinger, Samt || 1940 || 12 || 9 |- | 19 || || Dahlin, Svensson, Svantesson, Bohmgren || 2012 || 11½ || |- | 20 || JPN || Nakagawa, Watai, Maeda, Terada M. || 1830 || 11 || |- | 21 || || Elder, Hindle, Leask, Houstoun || 1810 || 7½ || |- | 22 || || Garwell, Brunker, Davies, Jarman || 1800 || 6½ || |- | 23 || || Terry L., Stretch, Hollis A. || 1800 || 2½ || |}

Final «A»

No.	Country	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	+	−	=	Points
1		-	2½	2	2½	3	2	2	3	7	0	0	17
2		½	-	2	1½	2½	2½	1	1½	3	2	2	11½
3	Spain	1	1	-	½	1½	2	2½	3	3	3	1	11½
4		½	1½	2½	-	0	1½	2	2½	3	2	2	10½
5		0	½	1½	3	-	1½	1½	1½	1	2	4	9½
6		1	½	1	1½	1½	-	1½	2	1	3	3	9
7		1	2	½	1	1½	1½	-	1	1	4	2	4½
8		0	1½	0	½	1½	1	2	-	1	4	2	6½

Final «B»

No.	Country	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	+	−	=	Points
9		-	2	2½	1	1	2½	2	2½	5	2	0	13½
10		1	-	2½	2	1½	1	2	2	4	2	1	12
11		½	½	-	2½	2	1½	1½	3	3	2	2	11½
12		2	1	½	-	2½	1	1	2½	3	4	0	10½
13		2	1½	1	½	-	2	2	1	3	3	1	10
14		½	2	1½	2	1	-	1	1½	2	3	2	9½
15		1	1	1½	2	1	2	-	1	2	4	1	9½
16	PHI	½	1	0	½	2	1½	2	-	2	4	1	7½

Final «C»

No.	Country	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	+	−	=	Points
17		-	1	2	2	2	2½	2½	5	1	0	12
18		2	-	1½	1½	2½	3	1½	3	0	3	12
19		1	1½	-	1	2½	2½	3	3	2	1	11½
20	JPN	1	1½	2	-	1½	2	3	3	1	2	11
21		1	½	½	1½	-	1½	2½	1	3	2	7½
22		½	0	½	1	1½	-	3	1	4	1	6½
23		½	1½	0	0	½	0	-	0	5	1	2½

Individual medals

Board 1: ISR Alla Kushnir 7½ / 8 = 93.8%
Board 2: CAN Nava Shterenberg 9 / 10 = 90.0%
Board 3: JPN Hyroko Maeda 6½ / 8 = 81.3%
Reserve: ISR Lea Nudelman 6½ / 7 = 92.9%

References

22nd Chess Olympiad: Haifa 1976 OlimpBase

References

Although commonly referred to as the ''men's division'', this section is open to both male and female players.

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

chess-olympiads women's-chess-olympiads chess-in-israel sport-in-haifa 1976-in-chess 1976-in-israeli-sport international-sports-competitions-hosted-by-israel

Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about 22nd Chess Olympiad — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report