21st United States Congress

Major events

Main article: 1829 in the United States, 1830 in the United States, 1831 in the United States

• March 4, 1829: Andrew Jackson became 7th President of the United States
• May 10–14, 1830: Confrontational meetings between the French Chargé d'affaires in Washington DC and a group of leaders consisting of Mark Alexander, William S. Archer, Robert H. Adams, Thomas Hinds, Dixon H. Lewis, Clement Comer Clay, Powhatan Ellis and John McKinley grew incredibly contentious and hostile. Arguments began when the aforementioned representatives and senators charged that France owed the United States reparations from damages incurred during the Quasi-War. At one point Thomas Hinds threatened the French Chargé d'affaires with a pistol. Eventually, only intervention by John Forsyth prevented a major diplomatic incident. Shortly after this the governor of Virginia John Floyd formally asked France's economic attaché to leave Virginia. This foreshadowed conflict with France over the same issue that would dominate American politics in 1835, at that point the main instigator on the American side would be President Andrew Jackson.
• May 28 – US congress passes the Indian Removal Act.
• September 27 – Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek with Choctaw nation. (First removal treaty signed after the Removal Act.)

Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation, 1789–1901#1821 to 1831

• May 28, 1830: Indian Removal Act, ch. 148,

Not enacted

• May 27, 1830: Maysville Road Bill vetoed

Treaties

• September 27, 1830: The Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, the first removal treaty after the passage of the Indian Removal Act, is signed with the Choctaw.
• February 24, 1831: Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek proclaimed.

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate

• President: John C. Calhoun (J)
• President pro tempore: Samuel Smith (J)

House of Representatives

• Speaker: Andrew Stevenson (J)

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.

:Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Main article: List of United States senators in the 21st Congress

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1832; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, facing re-election in 1834; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1830.

[[List of United States senators from Alabama|Alabama]]

: 2. William R. King (J) : 3. John McKinley (J)

[[List of United States senators from Connecticut|Connecticut]]

: 1. Samuel A. Foot (NR) : 3. Calvin Willey (NR)

[[List of United States senators from Delaware|Delaware]]

: 1. Louis McLane (J), until April 16, 1829 :: Arnold Naudain (NR), from January 7, 1830 : 2. John M. Clayton (NR)

[[List of United States senators from Georgia|Georgia]]

: 2. George M. Troup (J) : 3. John Macpherson Berrien (J), until March 9, 1829 :: John Forsyth (J), from November 9, 1829

[[List of United States senators from Illinois|Illinois]]

: 2. John McLean (J), until October 14, 1830 :: David J. Baker (J), November 12, 1830 – December 11, 1830 :: John M. Robinson (J), from December 11, 1830 : 3. Elias Kane (J)

[[List of United States senators from Indiana|Indiana]]

: 1. James Noble (NR), until February 26, 1831, vacant for remainder of term : 3. William Hendricks (NR)

[[List of United States senators from Kentucky|Kentucky]]

: 2. George M. Bibb (J) : 3. John Rowan (J)

[[List of United States senators from Louisiana|Louisiana]]

: 2. Edward Livingston (J) : 3. Josiah S. Johnston (NR)

[[List of United States senators from Maine|Maine]]

: 1. John Holmes (NR) : 2. Peleg Sprague (NR)

[[List of United States senators from Maryland|Maryland]]

: 1. Samuel Smith (J) : 3. Ezekiel F. Chambers (NR)

[[List of United States senators from Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]

: 1. Daniel Webster (NR) : 2. Nathaniel Silsbee (NR)

[[List of United States senators from Mississippi|Mississippi]]

: 1. Powhatan Ellis (J) : 2. Thomas B. Reed (J), until November 26, 1829 :: Robert H. Adams (J), January 6, 1830 – July 2, 1830 :: George Poindexter (J), from October 15, 1830

[[List of United States senators from Missouri|Missouri]]

: 1. Thomas H. Benton (J) : 3. David Barton (NR)

[[List of United States senators from New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]

: 2. Samuel Bell (NR) : 3. Levi Woodbury (J)

[[List of United States senators from New Jersey|New Jersey]]

: 1. Mahlon Dickerson (J) : 2. Theodore Frelinghuysen (NR)

[[List of United States senators from New York|New York]]

: 1. Charles E. Dudley (J) : 3. Nathan Sanford (NR)

[[List of United States senators from North Carolina|North Carolina]]

: 2. John Branch (J), until March 9, 1829 :: Bedford Brown (J), from December 9, 1829 : 3. James Iredell Jr. (J)

[[List of United States senators from Ohio|Ohio]]

: 1. Benjamin Ruggles (NR) : 3. Jacob Burnet (NR)

[[List of United States senators from Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]

: 1. Isaac D. Barnard (J) : 3. William Marks (NR)

[[List of United States senators from Rhode Island|Rhode Island]]

: 1. Asher Robbins (NR) : 2. Nehemiah R. Knight (NR)

[[List of United States senators from South Carolina|South Carolina]]

: 2. Robert Y. Hayne (J) : 3. William Smith (J)

[[List of United States senators from Tennessee|Tennessee]]

: 1. John H. Eaton (J), until March 9, 1829 :: Felix Grundy (J), from October 19, 1829 : 2. Hugh Lawson White (J)

[[List of United States senators from Vermont|Vermont]]

: 1. Horatio Seymour (NR) : 3. Dudley Chase (NR)

[[List of United States senators from Virginia|Virginia]]

: 1. John Tyler (J) : 2. Littleton W. Tazewell (J)

]]

House of Representatives

Main article: List of United States representatives in the 21st Congress

Representatives are listed by their districts.

[[List of United States representatives from Alabama|Alabama]]

: . Clement C. Clay (J) : . R. E. B. Baylor (J) : . Dixon H. Lewis (J)

[[List of United States representatives from Connecticut|Connecticut]]

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. : . Noyes Barber (NR) : . William W. Ellsworth (NR) : . Jabez W. Huntington (NR) : . Ralph I. Ingersoll (NR) : . William L. Storrs (NR) : . Ebenezer Young (NR)

[[List of United States representatives from Delaware|Delaware]]

: . Kensey Johns Jr. (NR)

[[List of United States representatives from Georgia|Georgia]]

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. : . Thomas F. Foster (J) : . Charles E. Haynes (J) : . Henry G. Lamar (J), from December 7, 1829 : . Wilson Lumpkin (J) : . Wiley Thompson (J) : . James M. Wayne (J) : . Richard Henry Wilde (J)

[[List of United States representatives from Illinois|Illinois]]

: . Joseph Duncan (J)

[[List of United States representatives from Indiana|Indiana]]

: . Ratliff Boon (J) : . Jonathan Jennings (NR) : . John Test (NR)

[[List of United States representatives from Kentucky|Kentucky]]

: . Henry Daniel (J) : . Nicholas D. Coleman (J) : . James Clark (NR) : . Robert P. Letcher (NR) : . Richard M. Johnson (J) : . Joseph Lecompte (J) : . John Kincaid (J) : . Nathan Gaither (J) : . Charles A. Wickliffe (J) : . Joel Yancey (J) : . Thomas Chilton (J) : . Chittenden Lyon (J)

[[List of United States representatives from Louisiana|Louisiana]]

: . Edward D. White (NR) : . Henry H. Gurley (NR) : . Walter H. Overton (J)

[[List of United States representatives from Maine|Maine]]

: . Rufus McIntire (J) : . John Anderson (J) : . Joseph F. Wingate (NR) : . George Evans (NR), from July 20, 1829 : . James W. Ripley (J), until March 12, 1830 :: Cornelius Holland (J), from December 6, 1830 : . Leonard Jarvis (J) : . Samuel Butman (NR)

[[List of United States representatives from Maryland|Maryland]]

The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives. : . Clement Dorsey (NR) : . Benedict J. Semmes (NR) : . George C. Washington (NR) : . Michael C. Sprigg (J) : . Elias Brown (J) : . Benjamin C. Howard (J) : . George E. Mitchell (J), from December 7, 1829 : . Richard Spencer (J) : . Ephraim K. Wilson (J)

[[List of United States representatives from Massachusetts|Massachusetts]]

: . Benjamin Gorham (NR) : . Benjamin W. Crowninshield (NR) : . John Varnum (NR) : . Edward Everett (NR) : . John Davis (NR) : . Joseph G. Kendall (NR) : . George J. Grennell Jr. (NR) : . Isaac C. Bates (NR) : . Henry W. Dwight (NR) : . John Bailey (NR) : . Joseph Richardson (NR) : . James L. Hodges (NR) : . John Reed Jr. (NR)

[[List of United States representatives from Mississippi|Mississippi]]

: . Thomas Hinds (J)

[[List of United States representatives from Missouri|Missouri]]

: . Spencer D. Pettis (J)

[[List of United States representatives from New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. : . John Brodhead (J) : . Thomas Chandler (J) : . Joseph Hammons (J) : . Jonathan Harvey (J) : . Henry Hubbard (J) : . John W. Weeks (J)

[[List of United States representatives from New Jersey|New Jersey]]

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. : . Lewis Condict (NR) : . Richard M. Cooper (NR) : . Thomas H. Hughes (NR) : . Isaac Pierson (NR) : . James F. Randolph (NR) : . Samuel Swan (NR)

[[List of United States representatives from New York|New York]]

There were three plural districts, the 20th & 26th had two representatives each, the 3rd had three representatives. : . James Lent (J) : . Jacob Crocheron (J) : . Churchill C. Cambreleng (J) : . Gulian C. Verplanck (J) : . Campbell P. White (J) : . Henry B. Cowles (NR) : . Abraham Bockee (J) : . Hector Craig (J), until July 12, 1830 :: Samuel W. Eager (NR), from November 2, 1830 : . Charles G. DeWitt (J) : . James Strong (NR) : . John D. Dickinson (NR) : . Ambrose Spencer (NR) : . Perkins King (J) : . Peter I. Borst (J) : . William G. Angel (J) : . Henry R. Storrs (NR) : . Michael Hoffman (J) : . Benedict Arnold (NR) : . John W. Taylor (NR) : . Henry C. Martindale (NR) : . Isaac Finch (NR) : . Joseph Hawkins (NR) : . George Fisher (NR), until February 5, 1830 :: Jonah Sanford (J), from November 3, 1830 : . Robert Monell (J), until February 21, 1831, vacant thereafter : . Thomas Beekman (NR) : . Jonas Earll Jr. (J) : . Gershom Powers (J) : . Thomas Maxwell (J) : . Jehiel H. Halsey (J) : . Robert S. Rose (Anti-M) : . Timothy Childs (Anti-M) : . John Magee (J) : . Phineas L. Tracy (Anti-M) : . Ebenezer F. Norton (J)

[[List of United States representatives from North Carolina|North Carolina]]

: . William B. Shepard (NR) : . Willis Alston (J) : . Thomas H. Hall (J) : . Jesse Speight (J) : . Gabriel Holmes (J), until September 26, 1829 :: Edward B. Dudley (J), from November 10, 1829 : . Robert Potter (J) : . Edmund Deberry (NR) : . Daniel L. Barringer (J) : . Augustine H. Shepperd (J) : . Abraham Rencher (J) : . Henry W. Connor (J) : . Samuel P. Carson (J) : . Lewis Williams (NR)

[[List of United States representatives from Ohio|Ohio]]

: . James Findlay (J) : . James Shields (J) : . Joseph H. Crane (NR) : . Joseph Vance (NR) : . William Russell (J) : . William Creighton Jr. (NR) : . Samuel F. Vinton (NR) : . William Stanbery (J) : . William W. Irvin (J) : . William Kennon Sr. (J) : . John M. Goodenow (J), until April 9, 1830 :: Humphrey H. Leavitt (J), from December 6, 1830 : . John Thomson (J) : . Elisha Whittlesey (NR) : . Mordecai Bartley (NR)

[[List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]

There were six plural districts, the 7th, 8th, 11th & 16th had two representatives each, the 4th & 9th had three representatives each. : . Joel B. Sutherland (J) : . Joseph Hemphill (J) : . Daniel H. Miller (J) : . James Buchanan (J) : . Joshua Evans Jr. (J) : . George G. Leiper (J) : . John B. Sterigere (J) : . Innis Green (J) : . Joseph Fry Jr. (J) : . Henry A. P. Muhlenberg (J) : . Samuel D. Ingham (J), until March 1829 :: Peter Ihrie Jr. (J), from October 13, 1829 : . George Wolf (J), until March 1829 :: Samuel A. Smith (J), from October 13, 1829 : . James Ford (J) : . Alem Marr (J) : . Philander Stephens (J) : . Adam King (J) : . Thomas H. Crawford (J) : . William Ramsey (J) : . John Scott (J) : . Chauncey Forward (J) : . Thomas Irwin (J) : . William McCreery (J) : . Harmar Denny (Anti-M), from December 15, 1829, after William Wilkins resigned before qualifying : . John Gilmore (J) : . Richard Coulter (J) : . Thomas H. Sill (NR)

[[List of United States representatives from Rhode Island|Rhode Island]]

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. : . Tristam Burges (NR) : . Dutee J. Pearce (NR)

[[List of United States representatives from South Carolina|South Carolina]]

: . William Drayton (J) : . Robert W. Barnwell (J) : . John Campbell (J) : . William D. Martin (J) : . George McDuffie (J) : . Warren R. Davis (J) : . William T. Nuckolls (J) : . James Blair (J) : . Starling Tucker (J)

[[List of United States representatives from Tennessee|Tennessee]]

: . John Blair (J) : . Pryor Lea (J) : . James I. Standifer (J) : . Jacob C. Isacks (J) : . Robert Desha (J) : . James K. Polk (J) : . John Bell (J) : . Cave Johnson (J) : . David Crockett (NR)

[[List of United States representatives from Vermont|Vermont]]

: . Jonathan Hunt (NR) : . Rollin C. Mallary (NR) : . Horace Everett (NR) : . Benjamin Swift (NR) : . William Cahoon (Anti-M)

[[List of United States representatives from Virginia|Virginia]]

: . Thomas Newton Jr. (NR), until March 9, 1830 :: George Loyall (J), from March 9, 1830 : . James Trezvant (J) : . William S. Archer (J) : . Mark Alexander (J) : . Thomas T. Bouldin (J) : . Thomas Davenport (J) : . Nathaniel H. Claiborne (J) : . Richard Coke Jr. (J) : . Andrew Stevenson (J) : . William C. Rives (J), until April 17, 1829 :: William F. Gordon (J), from January 25, 1830 : . Philip P. Barbour (J), until October 15, 1830 :: John M. Patton (J), from November 25, 1830 : . John Roane (J) : . John Taliaferro (NR) : . Charles F. Mercer (NR) : . John S. Barbour (J) : . William Armstrong (NR) : . Robert Allen (J) : . Philip Doddridge (NR) : . William McCoy (J) : . Robert Craig (J) : . Lewis Maxwell (NR) : . Alexander Smyth (J), until April 17, 1830 :: Joseph Draper (J), from December 6, 1830

Non-voting members

: . Ambrose H. Sevier : . Joseph M. White : . John Biddle, until February 21, 1831, vacant thereafter

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

• Replacements: 4
  • Jacksonians (J): no net change
  • National Republicans (NR): no net change
• Deaths: 4
• Resignations: 4
• Interim appointments: 1
• Total seats with changes: 7 Sorted Chronologically by date of vacancy --

|- | Georgia (3) | | John M. Berrien (J) Successor elected November 9, 1829. | | John Forsyth (J) | Installed November 9, 1829

|- | North Carolina (2) | | John Branch (J) Successor elected December 9, 1829. | | Bedford Brown (J) | Installed December 9, 1829

|- | Tennessee (1) | | John Eaton (J) Successor elected October 19, 1829. | | Felix Grundy (J) | Installed October 19, 1829

|- | Delaware (1) | | Louis McLane (J) Successor elected January 7, 1830. | | Arnold Naudain (NR) | Installed January 7, 1830

|- | Mississippi (2) | | Thomas B. Reed (J) Successor elected January 6, 1830. | | Robert H. Adams (J) | Installed January 6, 1830

|- | Mississippi (2) | | Robert H. Adams (J) Successor appointed October 15, 1830, to continue the term, and subsequently elected. | | George Poindexter (J) | Installed October 15, 1830

|- | Illinois (2) | | John McLean (J) Successor appointed November 12, 1830, to continue the term. | | David J. Baker (J) | Installed November 12, 1830

|- | Illinois (2) | | David J. Baker (J) Successor elected December 11, 1830. | | John M. Robinson (J) | Installed December 11, 1830

|- | Indiana (1) | | James Noble (NR) Seat filled next Congress. | Vacant | Not filled this Congress

House of Representatives

• Replacements: 5
  • Jacksonians (J): 1 seat net loss
  • National Republicans (NR): 1 seat net gain
• Deaths: 2
• Resignations: 10
• Contested election: 2 Total seats with changes: 15 Sorted Chronologically by date of vacancy --

Main article: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

|- | | Vacant | | George Edward Mitchell (J)

| | Vacant | | Henry G. Lamar (J)

| | Vacant | | George Evans (NR)

| | Vacant | | Harmar Denny (AM)

| | | George Wolf (J) | | Samuel A. Smith (J)

| | | William C. Rives (J) | | William F. Gordon (J)

| | | Samuel D. Ingham (J) | | Peter Ihrie Jr. (J)

| | | Gabriel Holmes (J) | | Edward B. Dudley (J)

| | | George Fisher (NR) | | Jonah Sanford (J)

| | | Thomas Newton Jr. (NR) | | George Loyall (J)

| | | James W. Ripley (J) | | Cornelius Holland (J)

| | | John M. Goodenow (J) | | Humphrey H. Leavitt (J)

| | | Alexander Smyth (J) | | Joseph Draper (J)

| | | Hector Craig (J) | | Samuel W. Eager (NR)

| | | Philip P. Barbour (J) | | John M. Patton (J)

| | | Robert Monell (J) | Vacant

| | John Biddle | Vacant | Not filled this term |}

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

• Accounts of James Monroe (Select)
• Agriculture (Chairman: William Marks)
• Amending the Constitution on the Election of the President and Vice President (Select)
• Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: Elias Kane then James Iredell Jr.)
• Claims (Chairman: Benjamin Ruggles)
• Commerce (Chairman: Levi Woodbury)
• Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
• District of Columbia (Chairman: Ezekiel F. Chambers)
• Dueling (Select)
• Engrossed Bills (Chairman: William Marks)
• Finance (Chairman: Samuel Smith)
• Foreign Relations (Chairman: Littleton Tazewell)
• French Spoilations (Select)
• Impeachment of James H. Peck (Select)
• Indian Affairs (Chairman: Hugh Lawson White)
• Judiciary (Chairman: John Rowan)
• Manufactures (Chairman: Mahlon Dickerson)
• Memorial of the Manufacturers Iron (Select)
• Mileage of Members of Congress (Select)
• Military Affairs (Chairman: Thomas Hart Benton)
• Militia (Chairman: Isaac D. Barnard)
• Naval Affairs (Chairman: Robert Y. Hayne)
• Nomination of Amos Kendall (Select)
• Pensions (Chairman: John Holmes)
• Post Office Department (Select)
• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: George M. Bibb)
• Private Land Claims (Chairman: Jacob Burnet)
• Public Lands (Chairman: David Barton)
• Roads and Canals (Select) (Chairman: William Hendricks)
• Tariff Regulation (Select)
• Whole

House of Representatives

• Accounts (Chairman: Jehiel H. Halsey)
• Agriculture (Chairman: Ambrose Spencer)
• American Colonization Society (Select)
• Claims (Chairman: Elisha Whittlesey)
• Commerce (Chairman: Churchill C. Cambreleng)
• District of Columbia (Chairman: Gershom Powers)
• Elections (Chairman: Willis Alston)
• Establishing an Assay Office in the Gold Region (Select)
• Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: Augustine H. Shepperd)
• Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: Joel Yancey)
• Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: Jonas Earll)
• Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: George G. Leiper)
• Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Lewis Maxwell)
• Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Michael C. Sprigg)
• Foreign Affairs (Chairman: William S. Archer)
• Indian Affairs (Chairman: John Bell)
• Judiciary (Chairman: James Buchanan)
• Manufactures (Chairman: Rollin C. Mallary)
• Military Affairs (Chairman: William Drayton)
• Military Pensions (Chairman: Isaac C. Bates)
• Naval Affairs (Chairman: Michael Hoffman)
• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Richard M. Johnson)
• Private Land Claims (Chairman: John B. Sterigere)
• Public Expenditures (Chairman: Thomas H. Hall)
• Public Lands (Chairman: Jacob C. Isacks then Charles A. Wickliffe)
• Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: Dutee J. Pearce)
• Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Tristam Burges)
• Revolutionary Pensions (Chairman: N/A)
• Rules (Select)
• Standards of Official Conduct
• Territories (Chairman: James Clark)
• Ways and Means (Chairman: George McDuffie)
• Whole

Joint committees

• Enrolled Bills
• The Library

Employees

[[List of federal agencies in the United States#United States Congress|Legislative branch agency]] directors

• Architect of the Capitol: Charles Bulfinch, until June 25, 1829 (office abolished)
• Librarian of Congress: John Silva Meehan

Senate

• Chaplain: William Ryland (Methodist), until December 14, 1829
  • Henry V. Johns (Episcopalian), elected December 14, 1829
• Secretary: Walter Lowrie
• Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly

House of Representatives

• Chaplain: Reuben Post (Presbyterian), until December 13, 1830
  • Ralph R. Gurley (Presbyterian), elected December 13, 1830
• Clerk: Matthew St. Clair Clarke
• Doorkeeper: Benjamin Birch
• Reading Clerks:
• Sergeant at Arms: John O. Dunn

Notes

References

References

1. [http://clerk.house.gov/art_history/house_history/bioguide-front/21.pdf 21st Congress] {{Webarchive. link. (2012-01-19 from the [[Office of the Clerk]] website)
2. Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Democracy, 1833-1845 by Robert Vincent Remini · 1984
3. obert C. Thomas, “Andrew Jackson versus France,” Tennessee Historical Quarterly, 35 (1976), 51–64.