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21st Chess Olympiad

1974 chess tournament in Nice, France

21st Chess Olympiad

1974 chess tournament in Nice, France

Official logo of the Olympiad.

The 21st Chess Olympiad (), organized by FIDE and comprising an open team tournament, as well as several other events designed to promote the game of chess, took place between June 6 and June 30, 1974, in Nice, France.

Bobby Fischer was still the reigning World Champion, but had not played a single game of tournament chess since he won the title in 1972 and was not present in Nice either. However, the American team still managed to secure third place in his absence.

For the same reason, for the second time in a row, the Soviet team was not led by the current world champion. It did, however, feature three previous (Tal, Petrosian, and Spassky) as well as one future champion (Karpov). The team won by 8½ points, the biggest victory margin yet, and took home their twelfth consecutive gold medals, with Yugoslavia and the United States taking the silver and bronze, respectively.

With a complete lack of tension in the championship race, the tournament had more than its share of political tension. In Final B, the Tunisian team refused to play Israel, so the score was computed according to Elo ratings, and awarded as a 3–1 win for the Israeli team.

Due to their apartheid policies, both South Africa and Rhodesia were expelled from FIDE with three rounds to go. The South African team withdrew from the tournament, and their Final C results were deleted from the overall standings. After FIDE president Max Euwe failed to have Rhodesia ejected from the Olympiad, they were allowed to finish the tournament and won Final E, with help from default victories against Iraq and Algeria who refused to play them in protest.

Results

Preliminaries

A total of 74 teams were divided into eight preliminary groups of nine or ten teams each, from which the top two advanced to Final A, no. 3-4 to Final B, etc. Preliminary head-to-head results were carried over to the finals, so no team met any other team more than once. All preliminary groups and finals were played as round-robin tournaments.

The results were as follows:

  • Group 1:
Country123456789+=Points«A»«A»«B»«B»«C»«C»«D»«D»«E»
-433444800**29**
0-34462021
½-234452121
12-4452120
Brazil1-453019
½11-3335015
PUR00½1-326011
0½00½11-20715
Netherlands Antilles00000½½2-0713
  • Group 2:
Country123456789+=Points«A»«A»«B»«B»«C»«C»«D»«D»«E»
-3422444602**26½**
1-334471024½
0-3362020½
21½-44443120½
211-4352119½
½0½½-23325111
0½1002-31618
000½1-2161
RHO0½½01112-0716
  • Group 3:
Country123456789+=Points«A»«A»«B»«B»«C»«C»«D»«D»«E»
-23444701**25½**
2-2444351223
-1244452122½
123-13352119
Iran½023-23342216
Venezuela001-2425112½
0½2-3215212
000½121-3161
Iraq01011021-0716
  • Group 4:
Country12345678910+=Points«A»«A»«B»«B»«C»«C»«D»«D»«E»
-34444800**28½**
Spain-2233451222½
12-61119
Tunisia½2-2342217½
012-243433217
012-1325113½
½½½103-335011
0½½1½-1708
00½11-0807
0-
  • Only two players from the Nicaraguan team arrived in Nice, and after the team were forced to forfeit their first match against Chile, Nicaragua withdrew from the tournament. The forfeit was deleted from the Group 4 standings.

  • Group 5:

Country123456789+=Points«A»«A»«B»«B»«C»«C»«D»«D»«E»
-23433444701**27**
2-3244351224
1-33462021
011-44453020
RSA South Africa12½-234442219
1½12-33334115
Hong Kong00½011-33260
Guernsey0000011-31705
0000111-080
  • Group 6:
Country123456789+=Points«A»«A»«B»«B»«C»«C»«D»«D»«E»
-2344444701**28½**
Romania2-3334470125
½-43462022½
11-24443119½
01½2-123424213½
0103-126011½
001½2-2324211
0½½0132-21529
00000½12-071
  • Group 7:
Country12345678910+=Points«A»«A»«B»«B»«C»«C»«D»«D»«E»«E»
Bulgaria-3223444612**27**
Philippines1-24471126½
22-324360324½
1-3372024
2-33453122½
1½½1-44336017
½½2½1-32434216
0½½101-270
CYP0001½02-171
001½010½-090
  • Group 8:
Country123456789+=Points«A»«A»«B»«B»«C»«C»«D»«D»«E»
-31343444710**26**
1-3344471026
31-2334461123½
112-33452120
Greece0½1-44344016½
1½½1-34435015½
001½01-4426010½
0001000-20713
00001002-0713

Finals

:{| class="wikitable" |+ Final A ! # !! Country !! Players !! Average rating !! Points !! MP

-
-
-
4
-
5
-
6
-
7
-
8
-
9
-
10
-
11
-
12
-
13
-
14
-
15
-
16
}

:{| class="wikitable" |+ Final B ! # !!Country !! Players !! Average rating !! Points !! MP |- | 17 || || Liberzon, Kraidman, Czerniak, Kagan, Bleiman, Radashkovich || 2465 || 40½ || |- | 18 || || Robatsch, Dückstein, Prameshuber, Janetschek, Röhrl, Stoppel || 2388 || 38½ || |- | 19 || || Mariotti, Tatai, Tóth, Cosulich, Zichichi, Cappello || 2428 || 38 || |- | 20 || || Castro, Cuartas, Alzate, García, de Greiff, Silva || 2354 || 32½ || |- | 21 || || Øgaard, Johannessen, Zwaig, Hoen, Ulrichsen, Moen || 2410 || 32 || 19 |- | 22 || || Ólafsson, Sigurjónsson, Jóhannsson, Kristinsson, Ásmundsson, Víglundsson || 2456 || 32 || 18 |- | 23 || POL || Schmidt, Doda, Pytel, Kostro, Adamski, Pokojowczyk || 2430 || 32 || 17 |- | 24 || || Suttles, Biyiasas, Yanofsky, Kuprejanov, Day, Piasetski || 2419 || 31 || 18 |- | 25 || || García González, García Martínez, Rodríguez Cordoba, Jiménez, Estévez Morales, Rodríguez Céspedes || 2423 || 31 || 15 |- | 26 || || Andersen, Rath, Moe, Iskov, Kølbæk, Jacobsen || 2405 || 31 || 14 |- | 27 || || Hug, Lombard, Schaufelberger, Wirthensohn, Gereben, Ott || 2380 || 29 || |- | 28 || || Maclès, Todorcevic, Seret, Puhm, Bessenay, Benoit || 2381 || 27½ || |- | 29 || || Pritchett, McKay, Levy, Jamieson, Bonner, Young || 2319 || 25½ || |- | 30 || || Boey, Van Seters, Beyen, Bonne, De Bruycker, Wostyn || 2323 || 23½ || |- | 31 || || Durão, Silva, Cordovil, Ribeiro, Santos L., Santos J. P. || 2306 || 19½ || |- | 32 || Tunisia || Bouaziz, Belkadi, Tabbane, Teboudi K., Najar C., Graa || 2200 || 17½ || |}

:{| class="wikitable" |+ Final C ! # !!Country !! Players !! Average rating !! Points !! MP |- | 33 || || Jamieson, Fuller, Shaw, Woodhams, Pope, Purdy || 2286 || 39 || |- | 34 || Iran || Harandi, Sharif, Shirazi, Sawadkuhi, Shahsavar, Safarzadeh || 2320 || 34½ || |- | 35 || Brazil || Mecking, Câmara, van Riemsdijk, Segal, Nóbrega, Toth || 2424 || 32½ || |- | 36 || MGL || Lhagva, Ujtumen, Myagmarsuren, Gungabazar, Tumurbator, Purevzhav || 2364 || 31½ || |- | 37 || || MacGrillen, Littleton, Cox, Henry, Heidenfeld, Cassidy || 2245 || 30½ || |- | 38 || || Sánchez, Velasco, Bugueño, Letelier, Grunberg, Ojeda || 2384 || 30 || 17 |- | 39 || || Ardiansyah, Sampouw, Suwuh, Bessaria, Sinulingga, Damanik || 2249 || 30 || 14 |- | 40 || Greece || Makropoulos, Skalkotas, Trikaliotis, Vizantiadis, Tsouros, Gavrilakis || 2263 || 27½ || 16 |- | 41 || || Campos López, Frey, Escondrillas, Ramírez, Lara, Ocampo || 2283 || 27½ || 14 |- | 42 || || Onat, Pekün, Bilyap, Olgaç, Erözbek, Süer || 2265 || 27 || |- | 43 || || Pang Kwok Leong, Leow, Lee Chee Seng, Choong Liong On, Lim Kok Ann, Chia || 2219 || 25 || |- | 44 || Venezuela || Cherem, Gamboa, Sánchez, Caro, Mijares, Guerra || 2203 || 24½ || |- | 45 || || Fairhurst, Sarapu, Garbett, Green, Stuart, Kerr || 2230 || 22½ || |- | 46 || || Yépez, Idrovo, Camatón, Verduga, Galarza, Dillon || 2213 || 22 || |- | 47 || Syria || Rifai S., Kassabe, Tabba, Arik A., Albaba M., Kabbani M. || 2200 || 16 || |- bgcolor="salmon" | WD || RSA South Africa || Friedgood, Kroon, Korostenski, de Villiers, Bloch, Aalbersberg || 2228 || - || |}

:{| class="wikitable" |+ Final D ! # !!Country !! Players !! Average rating !! Points !! MP |- | 48 || || Butt, Farooqui, Ahmad N., Ahmad I., Mir, Ali || 2200 || 49½ || |- | 49 || PUR || Torres, Moraza Choisme, Colón Romero A., Freyre, Bird Picó, Falcón || 2203 || 44½ || |- | 50 || || Delgado, Gonzáles, Juliao, Pérez, Pérez Nivar, Yabra || 2200 || 43½ || |- | 51 || || Feller, Milbers, Peters, Schammo, Schneider, Philippe || 2201 || 38½ || |- | 52 || || Tarazi, Daoud, Thomas, Loheac-Ammoun, Sursock, Bedrossian || 2206 || 35 || 20 |- | 53 || || Lamas Baliero, Bademian Orchanian, Ricetto, Pastori, Maiztegui Casas, Israel Catán || 2200 || 35 || 17 |- | 54 || || Ramón Martínez, Fabrega, Cuéllar, Moreno Merediz, Lombana, Denis || 2200 || 33 || |- | 55 || || Tasic, Brodeur, Scharf, Kostjoerin, Martelli R., Angles d'Auriac || 2200 || 29½ || |- | 56 || || Camilleri, Attard, Gouder, Cilia Vincenti, Casha, Soler || 2206 || 29 || |- | 57 || Hong Kong || Kan Wai Shui, Hasan, Ko Chi, Krouk, Sin Kuen, Smith M. || 2240 || 27½ || 13 |- | 58 || || Apol, Petersen, Midjord, Olsen, Thomsen, Ziska || 2200 || 27½ || 12 |- | 59 || || Chan Mun Fye, Foo Lum Choon, Choo Min Wang, Wahid, Jamaluddin, Ng || 2200 || 24½ || |- | 60 || || Bakali, Nejjar, Sbia, Iraqui, Meftouh, Dakka || 2200 || 21½ || |- | 61 || || Al-Mallah, Arafat, Hamam, Sanoseyan, Baslan M., Haddad || 2200 || 17½ || |- | 62 || Guernsey || Palmer, Withers, Moriarty, Gavey, Savident, Knight || 2200 || 12 || 2 |- | 63 || || Abraham, Purington, Reussner, Scherman A., Scherman N., Fyfe-Reussner, Bushnaq || 2200 || 12 || 2 |}

:{| class="wikitable" |+ Final E ! # !!Country !! Players !! Average rating !! Points |- | 64 || RHO || Donnely, Fox, Barlow, Levy, Hillmann, Hope M. || 2200 || 28½ |- | 65 || Iraq || Al-Shakarchi, Mubarak, Al-Kazzaz R. K., Taha, Muhsin F., Subbar || 2200 || 24½ |- | 66 || Netherlands Antilles || Weiland, Zalm, Van Loon, Fernán, Croes, Rigaud O. W. || 2200 || 21½ |- | 67 || JPN || Gonda, Naito, Hamada, Arita, Tatsutomi, Seki || 2200 || 20½ |- | 68 || CYP || Riza, Scoatarin, Vassiades, Hadjittofis, Kleopas, Hadjiyiannis || 2200 || 19 |- | 69 || || Mohipp A., Brassington F., Ramon-Fortune, Sears, Lee, Poon A. C. || 2200 || 18 |- | 70 || || Chaabi, Bouzida M., Baghli, Hanni F. || 2200 || 17 |- | 71 || || Gómez Abad, Sanz, De la Casa, Iglesias, Pantebre Martínez, Fité Barris || 2200 || 13 |- | 72 || || Antonas, Thompson, Rolle, Adderley, Ramcharran, Ingraham || 2200 || 11 |- | 73 || || Hook, Van Dyke B., Green S. L., Pickering, Downing, Van Dyke || 2200 || 8½ |}

Final «A»

  • Matches played in semi-finals are italicized. :{| class="wikitable" |- ! Place ! Country ! 1 !!2 !!3 !!4 !!5 !!6 !!7 !!8 !!9 !!10 !!11 !!12 !!13 !!14 !!15 !!16 ! !!+ !!- !!= !!Points |- ! 1 | - || style="color: red;" |2½ ||style="color: red;"|3 ||style="color: green;"|2 ||style="color: red;"|3 ||style="color: green;"|2 ||style="color: red;"|3½ ||style="color: red;"|3½ ||style="color: red;"|3 ||style="color: red;"|3 ||style="color: red;"|3½ ||style="color: red;"|4 ||style="color: red;"|2½ ||style="color: red;"|2½ ||style="color: red;"|4 ||style="color: red;"|4 ! |13 ||0 ||2 ||align=center|46 |- ! 2 ! |8 ||3 ||4 ||align=center|37½ |- ! 3 ! |10 ||3 ||2 ||align=center|36½ |- ! 4 ! |7 ||1 ||7 ||align=center|36½ |- ! 5 ! |8 ||3 ||4 ||align=center|35½ |- ! 6 ! |9 ||3 ||3 ||align=center|35 |- ! 7 ! |7 ||3 ||5 ||align=center|32 |- ! 8 ! |4 ||3 ||8 ||align=center|29½ |- ! 9 ! |5 ||6 ||4 ||align=center|29½ |- ! 10 ! |1 ||7 ||7 ||align=center|26 |- ! 11 ! |4 ||7 ||4 ||align=center|25½ |- ! 12 ! |4 ||8 ||3 ||align=center|25½ |- ! 13 ! |2 ||8 ||5 ||align=center|25 |- ! 14 ! |1 ||9 ||5 ||align=center|23½ |- ! 15 ! |3 ||9 ||3 ||align=center|22 |- ! 16 ! |1 ||14 ||0 ||align=center|14½ |}

Final «B»

  • Matches played in semi-finals and not played are italicized. :{| class="wikitable" |- ! Place ! Country ! 17 !!18 !!19 !!20 !!21 !!22 !!23 !!24 !!25 !!26 !!27 !!28 !!29 !!30 !!31 !!32 ! !!+ !!- !!= !!Points |- ! 17 | - || style="color: blue;" |1½ ||style="color: red;"|3 ||style="color: red;"|3 ||style="color: blue;"|1 ||style="color: green;"|2 ||style="color: green;"|2 ||style="color: red;"|3½ ||style="color: red;"|2½ ||style="color: red;"|3 ||style="color: red;"|3 ||style="color: red;"|3 ||style="color: red;"|3½ ||style="color: red;"|3½ ||style="color: red;"|3 ||style="color: red;"|3 ! |11 ||2 ||2 ||align=center|40½ |- ! 18 ! |9 ||1 ||5 ||align=center|38½ |- ! 19 ! |10 ||4 ||1 ||align=center|38 |- ! 20 ! |7 ||3 ||5 ||align=center|32½ |- ! 21 ! |8 ||4 ||3 ||align=center|32 |- ! 22 ! |5 ||2 ||8 ||align=center|32 |- ! 23 ! |5 ||3 ||7 ||align=center|32 |- ! 24 ! |8 ||5 ||2 ||align=center|31 |- ! 25 ! |6 ||6 ||3 ||align=center|31 |- ! 26 ! |6 ||7 ||2 ||align=center|31 |- ! 27 ! |4 ||7 ||4 ||align=center|29 |- ! 28 ! |3 ||6 ||6 ||align=center|27 |- ! 29 ! |3 ||7 ||5 ||align=center|25½ |- ! 30 ! |3 ||7 ||5 ||align=center|23 |- ! 31 ! |2 ||12 ||1 ||align=center|19½ |- ! 32 ! |0 ||14 ||1 ||align=center|17½ |}
  • Tunisia refused to play Israel because of political reasons. The score was set by default.

Final «C»

  • Matches played in semi-finals and not played are italicized. :{| class="wikitable" |- ! Place ! Country ! 33 !!34 !!35 !!36 !!37 !!38 !!39 !!40 !!41 !!42 !!43 !!44 !!45 !!46 !!47 !!WD ! !!+ !!- !!= !!Points |- ! 33 | - || style="color: blue;" |1½ ||style="color: red;"|3 ||style="color: red;"|3 ||style="color: red;"|4 ||style="color: blue;"|1 ||style="color: green;"|2 ||style="color: red;"|3½ ||style="color: red;"|4 ||style="color: red;"|3 ||style="color: red;"|4 ||style="color: red;"|2½ ||style="color: red;"|2½ ||style="color: red;"| ||style="color: red;"|2½ || 2½ ! |11 ||2 ||1 ||align=center|39 |- ! 34 ! |9 ||2 ||3 ||align=center|34½ |- ! 35 ! |8 ||3 ||3 ||align=center|32½ |- ! 36 ! |7 ||6 ||1 ||align=center|31½ |- ! 37 ! |8 ||5 ||1 ||align=center|30½ |- ! 38 ! |7 ||4 ||3 ||align=center|30 |- ! 39 ! |5 ||5 ||4 ||align=center|30 |- ! 40 ! |6 ||4 ||4 ||align=center|27½ |- ! 41 ! |5 ||5 ||4 ||align=center|27½ |- ! 42 ! |5 ||5 ||4 ||align=center|27 |- ! 43 ! |4 ||5 ||5 ||align=center|25 |- ! 44 ! |2 ||8 ||4 ||align=center|24½ |- ! 45 ! |3 ||9 ||2 ||align=center|22½ |- ! 46 ! |3 ||9 ||2 ||align=center|22 |- ! 47 ! |1 ||12 ||1 ||align=center|16 |- ! WD | ½ || || 2 || 1½ || 2 || 1½ || 1 || || 3 || 3½ || 2½ || 1½ || 2½ || 3 || || - ! |- ||- ||- ||- |}
  • South Africa were expelled from FIDE with three rounds to go and withdrew from the event. Their scores were set as friendlies.

Final «D»

  • Matches played in semi-finals are italicized. :{| class="wikitable" |- ! Place ! Country ! 48 !!49 !!50 !!51 !!52 !!53 !!54 !!55 !!56 !!57 !!58 !!59 !!60 !!61 !!62 !!63 ! !!+ !!- !!= !!Points |- ! 48 | - || style="color: green;" |2 ||style="color: red;"|2½ ||style="color: red;"|3½ ||style="color: blue;"|1½ ||style="color: red;"|3 ||style="color: red;"|3½ ||style="color: red;"|3½ ||style="color: red;"|3½ ||style="color: red;"|4 ||style="color: red;"|3 ||style="color: red;"|3½ ||style="color: red;"|4 ||style="color: red;"|4 ||style="color: red;"|4 ||style="color: red;"|4 ! |13 ||1 ||1 ||align=center|49½ |- ! 49 ! |11 ||0 ||4 ||align=center|44½ |- ! 50 ! |11 ||2 ||2 ||align=center|43½ |- ! 51 ! |11 ||3 ||1 ||align=center|38½ |- ! 52 ! |7 ||2 ||6 ||align=center|35 |- ! 53 ! |6 ||4 ||5 ||align=center|35 |- ! 54 ! |8 ||4 ||3 ||align=center|33 |- ! 55 ! |5 ||5 ||5 ||align=center|29½ |- ! 56 ! |6 ||7 ||2 ||align=center|29 |- ! 57 ! |5 ||7 ||3 ||align=center|27½ |- ! 58 ! |4 ||7 ||4 ||align=center|27½ |- ! 59 ! |4 ||10 ||1 ||align=center|24½ |- ! 60 ! |2 ||9 ||4 ||align=center|21½ |- ! 61 ! |2 ||11 ||2 ||align=center|17½ |- ! 62 ! |2 ||12 ||1 ||align=center|12 |- ! 63 ! |1 ||14 ||0 ||align=center|12 |}

Final «E»

  • Matches played in semi-finals and not played are italicized. :{| class="wikitable" |- ! Place ! Country ! 64 !!65 !!66 !!67 !!68 !!69 !!70 !!71 !!72 !!73 ! !!+ !!- !!= !!Points |- ! 64 | - || style="color: red;" | ||style="color: red;"|4 ||style="color: red;"|3 ||style="color: red;"|3½ ||style="color: green;"|2 ||style="color: red;"|3 ||style="color: red;"|3 ||style="color: red;"|4 ||style="color: red;"|3½ ! |8 ||0 ||1 ||align=center|28½ |- ! 65 ! |4 ||1 ||4 ||align=center|24½ |- ! 66 ! |4 ||2 ||3 ||align=center|21 |- ! 67 ! |6 ||2 ||1 ||align=center|20 |- ! 68 ! |5 ||3 ||1 ||align=center|19 |- ! 69 ! |2 ||2 ||5 ||align=center|18 |- ! 70 ! |3 ||4 ||2 ||align=center|17 |- ! 71 ! |2 ||5 ||2 ||align=center|13 |- ! 72 ! |1 ||7 ||1 ||align=center|11 |- ! 73 ! |0 ||9 ||0 ||align=center|8½ |}
  • Iraq and Algeria refused to play Rhodesia because of political reasons. The scores were set by default.

Individual medals

  • Board 1: URS Anatoly Karpov 12 / 14 = 85.7%
  • Board 2: AUT Andreas Dückstein 10 / 12 = 83.3%
  • Board 3: URS Boris Spassky 11 / 15 = 73.3%
  • Board 4: URS Tigran Petrosian 12½ / 14 = 89.3%
  • 1st reserve: URS Mikhail Tal 11½ / 15 = 76.7%
  • 2nd reserve: USA James Tarjan and NED Franciscus Kuijpers 11 / 13 = 84.6%

References

References

  1. Although commonly referred to as the ''men's division'', this section is open to both male and female players.
  2. The South African team was expelled from FIDE with three rounds remaining. Their matches were deleted from the overall standings.
  3. Mrs. Karen Fyfe-Reussner and Mrs. Renata Bushnaq were allowed to enter the competition due to lack of a few players from basic squad. Bahamas, who were relegated to final E claimed this violated the rules stating no further alterations are possible after deadline. Apparently no one cared.
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