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2015 in spaceflight

none

Field	Value
year	2015
image	{{Photomontage
photo1a	ORBCOMM-2 (23802553412).jpgA Falcon 9 first stage landing at Cape Canaveral LZ-1
photo2a	Pluto in True Color - High-Res.jpgFull disc, true colour view of Pluto
photo2b	Occator PIA19889.jpgClose-up view of high-albedo regions on Ceres
photo3a	Expedition 46 Landing (NHQ201603020028).jpgScott Kelly being carried from the Soyuz TMA-18M spacecraft
size	250
spacing	3
color	transparent
color_border	transparent
caption	Highlights from spaceflight in 2015
first	10 January
last	28 December
total	87
success	82
failed	4
partial	1
catalogued	83
firstsat

firsttrav

maidens	{{plainlist
retired	Dnepr-1
orbital	4
totalcrew	12
EVAs	7

Long March 3C/E / YZ-1
Long March 3B / YZ-1
Long March 6
Long March 11
Super Strypi
Falcon 9 Full Thrust

In 2015, the maiden spaceflights of the Chinese Long March 6 and Long March 11 launch vehicles took place.

A total of 87 orbital launches were attempted in 2015, of which 82 were successful, one was partially successful and four were failures. The year also saw seven EVAs by ISS astronauts. The majority of the year's orbital launches were conducted by Russia, the United States and China, with 27, 20 and 19 launches respectively.

Overview

In February 2015, the European Space Agency's experimental lifting body spacecraft, the Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle, successfully conducted its first test flight.

In March 2015, Ceres became the first dwarf planet to be visited by a spacecraft when Dawn entered orbit. In July 2015, New Horizons visited the Pluto-Charon system after a 9-year voyage, returning a trove of pictures and information about the former "ninth planet" (now classified as a dwarf planet). Meanwhile, the MESSENGER probe was deliberately crashed into Mercury after 4 years of in-orbit observations.

On 23 November 2015, the Blue Origin New Shepard suborbital rocket achieved its first powered soft landing near the launch site, paving the way for full reuse of its propulsion stage. On 21 December, the maiden flight of the SpaceX Falcon 9 Full Thrust took place, ending with a successful landing of its first stage.

Two old weather satellites, NOAA-16 and DMSP 5D-2/F13, broke up in 2015, creating several hundred pieces of space debris. In both cases, a battery explosion is suspected as the root cause.

Orbital launches

January

|d-date = 2 August 2023 |d-date = 2 August 2023

February

|d-date = 26 February 2015

|d-date = 11 February 2015 |d-time = 15:19

|d-date = 14 August 2015 |d-time = 14:17

March

|d-date = 12 September 2015 |d-time = 00:51

April

|- All secondary payloads were deployed from an ISS airlock later. Arkyd 3 Reflight is a replacement for Arkyd 3, which was lost in the Cygnus CRS Orb-3 flight accident in 2014. |d-date = 21 May 2015 |d-time = 16:42 |d-date = 23 December 2015 |d-date = First: 8 February 2016 Last: 24 August 2016

|d-date = 8 May 2015

May

|- |d-date = 16 May 2015

June

|- |d-date = 18 September 2015

|d-date = 28 June 2015 |d-date = 28 June 2015

July

|- |d-date = 19 December 2015

|d-date = 11 December 2015 |d-time = 13:10

August

September

|- Sarah Brightman was intended to fly this mission as a spaceflight participant, but withdrew from training on 13 May 2015 for personal reasons. Japanese space tourist Satoshi Takamatsu was believed to be taking Brightman's place, but he declined and Roscosmos chose Aimbetov as an alternative instead. Landed with the Year in Space crew of Scott Kelly and Mikhail Korniyenko |d-date = 2 March 2016 |d-time = 04:26

|d-date = 29 March 2023 |d-date = 25 April 2023

|d-date = 30 December 2022 |d-date = 31 March 2021 |d-date = 27 February 2021

October

|- |d-date = 8 April 2016

November

December

|d-date = 8 December 2015 |d-time = 05:43

|d-date = 18 June 2016 |d-time = 09:15

|d-date = 3 July 2016 |d-time = 07:50

Suborbital flights

|d-date = 26 January

|d-date = 28 January

|d-date = 31 January

|d-date = 19 February

|d-time = 19 February

|d-date = 22 February

|d-date = 24 February

|d-date = 25 February

|d-date = 26 February |d-date = 1 March |d-date = 1 March |d-date = 5 March

|d-date = 9 March

|d-date = 18 March

|d-date= 23 March

|d-date= 27 March

|d-time = 30 March

|d-date = 9 April

|d-date=15 April

|d-date = 16 April

|d-date = 18 April

|d-date = 23 April

|d-date = 27 April

|d-date = 2 May

|d-date= 20 May

|d-date = 21 May

|d-date = 6 June

|d-date = 25 June

|d-date = 26 June

|d-date = 30 June

|d-date = 7 July

|d-date = 29 July

|d-date = 30 July

|d-date = 12 August

|d-date= 19 August

|d-date = 22 August

|d-date = 27 August

|d-date = 3 September

|d-date = 11 September

|d-date = 16 September

|d-date = 30 September

|d-date = 2 October

|d-date = 7 October |d-date = 7 October |d-date = 7 October

|d-date = 19 October

|d-date = 20 October

|d-date= 21 October

|d-date = 28 October

|d-date = 30 October

|d-date = 31 October

|d-date = 1 November

|d-date = 6 November

|d-date = 8 November

|d-date = 9 November

|d-date= 14 November

|d-date = 17 November

|d-date = 21 November

|d-date = 23 November

|d-date = 25 November

|d-date = 30 November

|d-date = 1 December

|d-date = 5 December

|d-date = 8 December

|d-date = 10 December

|d-date = 11 December

|d-date = 12 December

|d-date = 13 December

|d-date = 15 December

|d-date = 18 December

|d-date = 24 December

Deep space rendezvous

Date (GMT)	Spacecraft	Event	Remarks
10 January	Chang'e 5-T1	Injection into Selenocentric orbit	Departed from Earth–Moon L2 on 4 January.
11 January	Cassini	109th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 970 kilometres (603 mi).
12 February	Cassini	110th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 1,200 kilometres (746 mi).
6 March	Dawn	Enters orbit of Ceres	1st visit to a dwarf planet.
16 March	Cassini	111th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 2,275 kilometres (1,413 mi).
30 April	MESSENGER	Impact to Mercury	The crash occurred on the side of the planet not visible from Earth.
7 May	Cassini	112th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 2722 km.
16 June	Cassini	4th flyby of Dione	Closest approach: 516 km.
7 July	Cassini	113th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 10953 km.
14 July	New Horizons	First flyby of Pluto and Charon	2nd visit to a dwarf planet. Closest approach: 12,500 km (7,800 mi).
17 August	Cassini	5th flyby of Dione	Closest approach: 474 km.
28 September	Cassini	114th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 1,036 kilometres (643 mi).
14 October	Cassini	Flyby of Enceladus	Closest approach: 1,839 kilometres (1,142 mi).
28 October	Cassini	Flyby of Enceladus	Closest approach: 49 km.
12 November	Cassini	115th flyby of Titan	Closest approach: 11,920 kilometres (7,407 mi).
3 December	Hayabusa2	Flyby of Earth	Gravity assist
3 December	PROCYON	Flyby of Earth	Gravity assist en route to cancelled asteroid flyby.
4 December	Shin'en 2	Flyby of Earth	Gravity assist
7 December	Akatsuki	Venus orbit insertion	Akatsuki's 2nd flyby of Venus and 2nd (successful) attempt at orbit insertion.
19 December	Cassini	Flyby of Enceladus	Closest approach: 4999 km.

Extra-Vehicular Activities (EVAs)

Start date/time	Duration	End time	Spacecraft	Crew
21 February
12:45	6 hours
41 minutes	19:26	Expedition 42/43	USA Barry E. Wilmore	Rigged and routed power and data cables at the forward end of the Harmony module as part of preparations for the installation of the International Docking Adapter at PMA-2.
25 February
11:51	6 hours
43 minutes	18:34	Expedition 42/43	USA Barry E. Wilmore	Completed power and data cable routing at the forward end of the Harmony module. Removed launch locks from forward and aft berthing ports of Tranquility to prepare for relocation of the Permanent Multipurpose Module and the installation of the Bigelow Expandable Activity Module. Lubricated end effector of Canadarm2.
1 March
11:52	5 hours
38 minutes	17:30	Expedition 42/43	USA Terry W. Virts	Finished cable routing, antenna and retro-reflector installation on both sides of the ISS truss and on other modules in preparation for the installation of the International Docking Adapter at PMA-2 and 3.
10 August
14:20	5 hours
31 minutes	19:51	Expedition 44/45	RUS Gennady Padalka	Installed gap spanners on the hull of the station for facilitating movement of crew members on future spacewalks, cleaned windows of the Zvezda Service Module, install fasteners on communications antennas, replaced an aging docking antenna, photographed various locations and hardware on Zvezda and nearby modules, and retrieved a space environment experiment.
28 October
12:03	7 hours
16 minutes	19:19	Expedition 45	USA Scott Kelly	Prepared a Main Bus Switching Unit for repair, installed a thermal cover on the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, lubricated elements of the Space Station Remote Manipulator System, and routed data and power cables to prepare for the installation of the International Docking Adaptor at PMA-2 and 3.
6 November
11:22	7 hours
48 minutes	19:10	Expedition 45	USA Scott Kelly	Worked to restore a portion of the ISS's cooling system to its primary configuration, returning ammonia coolant levels to normal in the primary and backup radiator arrays.
21 December
13:45	3 hours
16 minutes	16:01	Expedition 46	USA Scott Kelly	Released a brake on the Mobile Servicing System to allow it to be properly stowed prior to the arrival of a visiting Progress vehicle. Routed cables in preparation for the installation of the Nauka module and the International Docking Adapter, and retrieved tools from a toolbox.

Space debris events

Date/Time (UTC)	Source object	Event type	Pieces tracked	Remarks
url = http://orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/newsletter/pdfs/ODQNv19i2.pdf	archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150503090600/http://orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/newsletter/pdfs/ODQNv19i2.pdf	url-status = dead	archive-date = 2015-05-03	title = Recent Breakup of a DMSP Satellite	publisher = NASA	journal = Orbital Debris Quarterly News	volume = 19	issue = 2	date = April 2015	access-date = 8 February 2016}}	DMSP 5D-2/F13 (USA-109)	Satellite breakup	author = T.S. Kelso, CelesTrak	title = We have TLEs for 10 more pieces of debris from DMSP 5D-2 F13, which brings the total to 159 so far.	date = 11 June 2015	url = https://twitter.com/TSKelso/status/608797620354441216	access-date = 8 February 2016}}	last1=Berger	first1=Brian	last2=Gruss	first2=Mike	title=20-year-old Military Weather Satellite Apparently Exploded in Orbit	url=http://spacenews.com/20-year-old-military-weather-satellite-apparently-exploded-in-orbit/	access-date=28 February 2015	work=Space News	date=27 February 2015 }} This satellite had been [launched in 1995](1995-in-spaceflight). Another satellite from the same series, DMSP 5D-2/F11, had broken up in 2004.
author = T.S. Kelso	user = TSKelso	number = 672943857735110656	title = Preliminary analysis of initial TLEs for NOAA 16 debris suggests an event time of 2015 Nov 25 @ ~0720 UTC.	date = 5 December 2015	access-date = 8 February 2016}}	NOAA-16	Satellite breakup	author = T.S. Kelso, CelesTrak	user = TSKelso	number = 713665017225281536	title = That brings the total so far for the NOAA 16 debris event to 275 pieces, with none having decayed from orbit.	date = 26 March 2016	access-date = 28 March 2016 }}	As this weather satellite, [launched in 2000](2000-in-spaceflight), had a similar construction to the DMSP satellite which broke up in February 2015, the same cause is suspected (battery overheating and explosion).
author = Joint Space Operations Center	user = JSpOC	number = 691823805451345925	title = JSpOC confirms breakup of BREEZE-M R/B (#38343). Analysis shows it occurred Dec 22, 2015, 1600Z +/-1 min. 9 associated pieces. #38343Breakup	date = 26 January 2016	access-date = 28 March 2016 }}	Briz-M upper stage	Booster explosion	9	A Briz-M upper-stage booster, having subsisted in geosynchronous transfer orbit since launching the Canadian Nimiq 6 commsat in [2012](2012-in-spaceflight), was seen to have broken up into 9 pieces as of 26 January 2016. Orbital analysis of the debris allowed to time the explosion within one minute of 16:00 UTC on 22 December 2015. Three other Briz-M upper stages had exploded earlier in 2007, 2010 and 2012.

Orbital launch statistics

By country

For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example, Soyuz launches by Arianespace in Kourou are counted under Russia because Soyuz-2 is a Russian rocket.

| [ {"value":270, "color":"#a52a2a", "label": "Russia: 27 (31.03%)"}, {"value":200, "color":"#484785", "label": "United States: 20 (22.99%)"}, {"value":190, "color":"#ff0000", "label": "China: 19 (21.84%)"}, {"value":60, "color":"#318ce7", "label": "France: 6 (6.89%)"}, {"value":50, "color":"#ff9933", "label": "India: 5 (5.75%)"}, {"value":40, "color":"#ffffff", "label": "Japan: 4 (4.6%)"}, {"value":30, "color":"#808000", "label": "Italy: 3 (3.45%)"}, {"value":20, "color":"#ffd700", "label": "Ukraine: 2 (2.3%)"}, {"value":9, "color":"#239f40", "label": "Iran: 1 (1.15%)"}, ]

Country	Launches	Successes	Failures
failures			style="text-align:left;"	style="text-align:left;"	style="text-align:left;"	style="text-align:left;"	style="text-align:left;"	style="text-align:left;"	style="text-align:left;"	style="text-align:left;"	style="text-align:left;"	World
19	19	0	0
6	6	0	0
5	5	0	0
1	1	0	0
3	3	0	0
4	4	0	0
27	24	2	1
2	2	0	0
20	18	2	0

By rocket

By family

Family	Launches	Successes	Failures	Partial failures
Ariane	6	6	0	0
Atlas	9	9	0	0
Delta	3	3	0	0
Falcon	7	6	1	0
GSLV	1	1	0	0
H-II	4	4	0	0
Long March	19	19	0	0
PSLV	4	4	0	0
R-7	17	15	1	1
R-36	1	1	0	0
Safir	1	1	0	0
Strypi	1	0	1	0
Universal Rocket	10	9	1	0
Vega	3	3	0	0
Zenit	1	1	0	0

By type

Rocket	Family	Launches	Successes	Failures	Partial failures	Remarks
Ariane 5	Ariane	6	6	0	0
Atlas V	Atlas	9	9	0	0
Delta II	Delta	1	1	0	0
Delta IV	Delta	2	2	0	0
Dnepr	R-36	1	1	0	0	Final flight
Falcon 9	Falcon	7	6	1	0
GSLV	GSLV	1	1	0	0
H-IIA	H-II	3	3	0	0
H-IIB	H-II	1	1	0	0
Long March 2	Long March	4	4	0	0
Long March 3	Long March	9	9	0	0
Long March 4	Long March	4	4	0	0
Long March 6	Long March	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Long March 11	Long March	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Proton	Universal Rocket	8	7	1	0
PSLV	PSLV	4	4	0	0
Safir	Safir	1	1	0	0
Soyuz	R-7	7	7	0	0
Soyuz-2	R-7	10	8	1	1
Super Strypi	Strypi	1	0	1	0	Maiden flight
UR-100	Universal Rocket	2	2	0	0
Vega	Vega	3	3	0	0
Zenit	Zenit	1	1	0	0

By configuration

Rocket	Type	Launches	Successes	Failures	Partial failures	Remarks
Ariane 5 ECA	Ariane 5	6	6	0	0
Atlas V 401	Atlas V	4	4	0	0
Atlas V 421	Atlas V	2	2	0	0
Atlas V 501	Atlas V	1	1	0	0
Atlas V 551	Atlas V	2	2	0	0
Delta II 7320	Delta II	1	1	0	0
Delta IV Medium+ (4,2)	Delta IV	1	1	0	0
Delta IV Medium+ (5,4)	Delta IV	1	1	0	0
Dnepr	R-36	1	1	0	0	Final flight
Falcon 9 v1.1	Falcon 9	6	5	1	0
Falcon 9 Full Thrust	Falcon 9	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
GSLV Mk II	GSLV	1	1	0	0
H-IIA 202	H-IIA	2	2	0	0
H-IIA 204	H-IIA	1	1	0	0
H-IIB	H-IIB	1	1	0	0
Long March 2D	Long March 2	4	4	0	0
Long March 3B/E	Long March 3	7	7	0	0
Long March 3B / YZ-1	Long March 3	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Long March 3C/E / YZ-1	Long March 3	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Long March 4B	Long March 4	2	2	0	0
Long March 4C	Long March 4	2	2	0	0
Long March 6	Long March 5	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Long March 11	Long March 11	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Proton-M / Blok DM-03	Proton	1	1	0	0
Proton-M / Briz-M	Proton	7	6	1	0
PSLV-CA	PSLV	1	1	0	0
PSLV-XL	PSLV	3	3	0	0
Rokot / Briz-KM	UR-100	2	2	0	0
Safir-1B	Safir	1	1	0	0
Soyuz-2.1a	Soyuz-2	4	3	1	0
Soyuz-2.1b	Soyuz-2	1	1	0	0
Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M	Soyuz-2	1	1	0	0
Soyuz ST-B / Fregat-MT	Soyuz-2	3	3	0	0
Soyuz-2-1v / Volga	Soyuz-2	1	0	0	1
Soyuz-FG	Soyuz	4	4	0	0
Soyuz-U	Soyuz	3	3	0	0
Super Strypi	Strypi	1	0	1	0	Maiden flight
Vega	Vega	3	3	0	0
Zenit-3F	Zenit	1	1	0	0

By spaceport

Site	Launches	Successes	Failures	Partial failures
Baikonur	18	16	2	0
Barking Sands	1	0	1	0
Cape Canaveral	17	16	1	0
Dombarovsky	1	1	0	0
Kourou	12	12	0	0
Jiuquan	5	5	0	0
Plesetsk	7	6	0	1
Satish Dhawan	5	5	0	0
Semnan	1	1	0	0
Taiyuan	5	5	0	0
Tanegashima	4	4	0	0
Vandenberg	2	2	0	0
Xichang	9	9	0	0

By orbit

(transfer) : Medium Earth : High Earth : Heliocentric

Orbital regime	Launches	Achieved	Not achieved	Accidentally
achieved	Remarks	Total	87	83	3	1
Transatmospheric	1	1	0	0
Low Earth	45	42	2	1	14 to ISS (1 launch failure, 1 failure post-separation)
Geosynchronous/transfer	32	31	1	0
Medium Earth	7	7	0	0
High Earth	2	2	0	0

Gallery

File:Expedition 43 Launch (201503280007HQ).jpg|Soyuz TMA-16M launches carrying ISS year long mission crew members Scott Kelly and Mikhail Korniyenko and Soyuz commander Gennady Padalka. File:PIA19547-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-AnimationFrame25-20150504.jpg|Photo of Ceres taken by the Dawn spacecraft at a distance of 13,600 km (8,500 mi). File:ORBCOMM-2 First-Stage Landing (23271687254).jpg|First stage of the Falcon 9 Flight 20 rocket immediately before touching down at Landing Zone 1. File:ISS-45 EVA-2 (a) Scott Kelly.jpg|Scott Kelly working outside of the International Space Station

Notes

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(2015-03-01). "Spacewalkers Install C2V2 Cables". NASA.
Chris Bergin. (2015-03-01). "Spacewalkers install new comms system for future vehicles". NASASpaceflight.com.
(2015-08-10). "Cosmonauts Complete Russian Spacewalk". NASA.
David Štula. (2015-08-10). "RS-41: Cosmonaut duo complete the only Russian spacewalk of 2015". NASASpaceflight.com.
"NASA Astronauts Complete Their First Spacewalk – Space Station".
"Pair of NASA Astronauts Wrap Up Second Spacewalk – Space Station".
"Astronauts Make Quick Work of Short Spacewalk – Space Station".
(April 2015). "Recent Breakup of a DMSP Satellite". [[NASA]].
T.S. Kelso, CelesTrak. (11 June 2015). "We have TLEs for 10 more pieces of debris from DMSP 5D-2 F13, which brings the total to 159 so far.".
(27 February 2015). "20-year-old Military Weather Satellite Apparently Exploded in Orbit". Space News.
T.S. Kelso. (5 December 2015). "Preliminary analysis of initial TLEs for NOAA 16 debris suggests an event time of 2015 Nov 25 @ ~0720 UTC.".
T.S. Kelso, CelesTrak. (26 March 2016). "That brings the total so far for the NOAA 16 debris event to 275 pieces, with none having decayed from orbit.".
(25 November 2015). "NOAA Weather Satellite suffers in-orbit Breakup".
[[Joint Space Operations Center]]. (26 January 2016). "JSpOC confirms breakup of BREEZE-M R/B (#38343). Analysis shows it occurred Dec 22, 2015, 1600Z +/-1 min. 9 associated pieces. #38343Breakup".
Clark, Stephen. (24 October 2012). "Rocket explosion raises worries over space debris". Spaceflight Now.

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